Materials Today Quantum最新文献

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Manifestation of critical effects in environmental parameter estimation using a quantum sensor under dynamical control 动态控制下量子传感器环境参数估计中的临界效应

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100049

M. Cristina Rodríguez , Analia Zwick , Gonzalo A. Álvarez

Quantum probes offer a powerful platform for exploring environmental dynamics, particularly through their sensitivity to decoherence processes. In this work, we investigate the emergence of critical behavior in the estimation of the environmental memory time

τ_{c}

, modeled as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process characterized by a Lorentzian spectral density. Using dynamically controlled qubit-based sensors—realized experimentally via solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and supported by numerical simulations—we implement tailored filter functions to interrogate the environmental noise spectrum and extract

τ_{c}

from its spectral width. Our results reveal a sharp transition in estimation performance between short-memory (SM) and long-memory (LM) regimes, reflected in a non-monotonic estimation error that resembles a phase transition. This behavior is accompanied by an avoided-crossing-like structure in the estimated parameter space, indicative of two competing solutions near the critical point. These features underscore the interplay between control, decoherence, and inference in open quantum systems. Beyond their fundamental significance, these critical phenomena offer a practical diagnostic tool for identifying dynamical regimes and optimizing quantum sensing protocols. By exploiting this criticality, our findings pave the way for adaptive control strategies aimed at enhancing precision in quantum parameter estimation—particularly in complex or structured environments such as spin networks, diffusive media, and quantum materials.

量子探针为探索环境动力学提供了一个强大的平台，特别是通过它们对退相干过程的敏感性。在这项工作中，我们研究了在环境记忆时间τc的估计中出现的临界行为，模型为以洛伦兹谱密度为特征的Ornstein-Uhlenbeck过程。使用动态控制的基于量子位的传感器-通过固态核磁共振（NMR）实验实现并得到数值模拟的支持-我们实现了定制的滤波函数来查询环境噪声谱并从其谱宽中提取τc。我们的研究结果揭示了短记忆（SM）和长记忆（LM）之间的估计性能的急剧转变，反映在类似于相变的非单调估计误差中。这种行为伴随着估计参数空间中一个避免交叉的结构，表明在临界点附近有两个相互竞争的解。这些特征强调了开放量子系统中控制、退相干和推理之间的相互作用。除了它们的基本意义之外，这些关键现象为识别动力学机制和优化量子传感协议提供了实用的诊断工具。通过利用这种临界性，我们的发现为旨在提高量子参数估计精度的自适应控制策略铺平了道路，特别是在复杂或结构化的环境中，如自旋网络、扩散介质和量子材料。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring electronic, optical, and reactive properties of Br- and F-doped graphene nanoflakes: A DFT-based study Br和f掺杂石墨烯纳米片的电子、光学和反应性质：基于dft的研究

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100048

Mohammed A. Khammat , Alaa M. Khudhair , Noora B. Shwayyea

The present study utilizes density functional theory (DFT) to methodically examine the geometric, electrical, and chemical characteristics of both pure and halogen doped graphene nanoflakes (GNFs). Geometric optimization indicates that the incorporation of bromine and fluorine atoms results in significant lattice distortions, elevated dipole moments, and heightened surface polarity, especially in multi-doped systems. A significant discovery is the adjustable modulation of the electronic band gap: pristine GNFs exhibit a broad band gap of 4.172 eV, whereas halogen doping substantially reduces this value resulting in 1.548 eV for BrF-GNFs, 1.580 eV for 2Br-GNFs, 1.676 eV for 2F-GNFs, 1.426 eV for Br₂F₂-GNFs, and as low as 1.194 eV for Br₃F₃-GNFs. This decrease is ascribed to the concentration of frontier molecular orbitals at dopant locations and the formation of mid-gap electronic states. Doping induces substantial alterations in the Fermi level and considerable enhancements in work function, reaching values as high as 4.364 eV in Br₂F₂-GNFs, which is beneficial for device applications. Chemical reactivity indices demonstrate that doped GNFs possess enhanced electrophilicity, softness, and a heightened tendency for electron transfer relative to virgin GNFs. These findings together indicate that halogen doping is a viable method for modifying the band gap and chemical reactivity of graphene nanoflakes, hence expanding their use in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics catalysis, and sensing technologies.

本研究利用密度泛函理论（DFT）系统地研究了纯石墨烯纳米片和掺杂卤素石墨烯纳米片（GNFs）的几何、电学和化学特性。几何优化表明，溴和氟原子的掺入导致显著的晶格畸变、偶极矩升高和表面极性升高，特别是在多掺杂体系中。一个重要的发现是电子带隙的可调调制：原始gnf的带隙为4.172 eV，而卤素掺杂大大降低了这个值，brf - gnf的带隙为1.548 eV， 2br - gnf的带隙为1.580 eV， 2f - gnf的带隙为1.676 eV， br2f2 - gnf的带隙为1.426 eV， br3f3 - gnf的带隙低至1.194 eV。这种减少是由于掺杂位置前沿分子轨道的集中和中隙电子态的形成。掺杂导致了费米能级的显著改变和功函数的显著增强，在Br2F2-GNFs中达到高达4.364 eV的值，这有利于器件应用。化学反应性指标表明，与未掺杂的GNFs相比，掺杂的GNFs具有更强的亲电性、柔软性和更强的电子转移倾向。这些发现共同表明，卤素掺杂是一种可行的方法来修饰石墨烯纳米片的带隙和化学反应性，从而扩大其在纳米电子学，光电子催化和传感技术中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing lossy state preparation for quantum sensing using Hamiltonian engineering 利用哈密顿工程优化量子传感的有损态制备

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100046

Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana

One of the most prominent platforms for demonstrating quantum sensing below the standard quantum limit is the spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. While a quantum advantage using several tens of thousands of atoms has been demonstrated in this platform, it faces an important challenge: atom loss. Atom loss is a Markovian error process modeled by Lindblad jump operators, and a no-go theorem, which we also show here, states that the loss of atoms in all spin components reduces the quantum advantage to a constant factor. Here, we show that this no-go theorem can be circumvented if we constrain atom losses to a single spin component. Moreover, we show that in this case, the maximum quantum Fisher information with

N

atoms scales as

N^{3 / 2}

, establishing that a scalable quantum advantage can be achieved despite atom loss. Although Lindblad jump operators are generally non-Hermitian and non-invertible, we use their Moore–Penrose inverse to develop a framework for constructing several states with this scaling of Fisher information in the presence of losses. We use Hamiltonian engineering with realistic Hamiltonians to develop experimental protocols for preparing these states. Finally, we discuss possible experimental techniques to constrain the losses to a single spin mode.

在标准量子极限下演示量子传感的最突出的平台之一是自旋子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。虽然在这个平台上已经证明了使用数万个原子的量子优势，但它面临着一个重要的挑战：原子损失。原子损失是一个由Lindblad跳跃算子模拟的马尔可夫误差过程，我们在这里也展示了一个不去定理，它表明所有自旋组分中的原子损失将量子优势降低到一个常数因子。在这里，我们证明，如果我们将原子损失限制为单个自旋分量，则可以绕过这个不去定理。此外，我们表明，在这种情况下，具有N个原子的最大量子Fisher信息的尺度为N3/2，这表明尽管原子损失，也可以实现可扩展的量子优势。尽管Lindblad跳跃算子通常是非厄米的和不可逆转的，但我们使用它们的Moore-Penrose逆来开发一个框架，用于在存在损失的情况下使用这种Fisher信息的缩放来构建几个状态。我们使用哈密顿工程和现实的哈密顿量来开发准备这些状态的实验协议。最后，我们讨论了将损耗限制在单一自旋模式的可能实验技术。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of structural and external parameters affecting the efficiency of quantum dot solar cells: A modified detailed-balance model study 影响量子点太阳能电池效率的结构和外部参数研究：一种改进的详细平衡模型研究

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100047

Fatih Koc , Carlos A. Duque , Mehmet Sahin

In this study, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of InP/GaAs/GaSb quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) with type II confinement regime is investigated depending on different structural parameters such as, core radius, spacer layer, and outer shell thickness using both original detailed balance model (ODBM) developed by Shockley and Queisser, and modified detailed balance model (MDBM). Moreover, the effect of external parameters such as temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the PCE is also investigated, and the possible physical reasons are discussed in detail and comparatively. The results show that the MDBM can better reveal the critical effects of the structural parameters, i.e., the size and material properties and the confinement regime on the PCE. A significant result related to this shows that the PCE of the InP/GaAs/GaSb QDSC model can be optimized by adjusting the spacer material thickness to maintain the effective energy gap at different fixed values. At the same time, it is seen that the MDBM is also more successful in determining the effects of external parameters on the PCE. This study develops a novel method of determining the best device parameters by thoroughly investigating the impact of structural and external parameters on the PCE of QDSCs.

本文采用Shockley和Queisser提出的原始详细平衡模型（ODBM）和改进的详细平衡模型（MDBM），研究了II型约束条件下InP/GaAs/GaSb量子点太阳能电池（QDSC）的功率转换效率（PCE）随芯半径、间隔层和外壳厚度等不同结构参数的变化。此外，还研究了温度和静水压力等外部参数对PCE的影响，并对可能的物理原因进行了详细的比较讨论。结果表明，MDBM可以更好地揭示尺寸、材料性能和约束制度等结构参数对PCE的关键影响，并通过调整间隔材料厚度来优化InP/GaAs/GaSb QDSC模型的PCE，使有效能隙保持在不同的固定值上。同时，MDBM在确定外部参数对PCE的影响方面也更加成功。本研究通过深入研究结构参数和外部参数对qdsc PCE的影响，开发了一种确定最佳器件参数的新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Driven Majorana modes: A route to synthetic px+ipy superconductivity 驱动马约拉纳模式：合成px+ipy超导的途径

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100045

Lingyu Yang , Gia-Wei Chern , Shi-Zeng Lin

We propose a protocol to realize synthetic

p_{x} + i p_{y}

superconductors in one-dimensional topological systems that host Majorana fermions. By periodically driving a localized Majorana mode across the system, our protocol realizes a topological pumping of Majorana fermions, analogous to the adiabatic Thouless pumping of electrical charges. Importantly, similar to the realization of a Chern insulator through Thouless pumping, we show that pumping of Majorana zero modes could lead to a

p_{x} + i p_{y}

superconductor in the two dimensions of space and synthetic time. The Floquet theory is employed to map the driven one-dimensional system to a two-dimensional synthetic system by considering frequency as a new dimension. We demonstrate such Floquet

p_{x} + i p_{y}

superconductors using the Kitaev

p

-wave superconductor chain, a prototypical 1D topological system, as well as its more realistic realization in the 1D Kondo lattice model as examples. We further show the appearance of Majorana

π

mode at the Floquet zone boundary in an intermediate drive frequency region. Our work suggests a driven magnetic spiral coupled to a superconductor as a promising platform for the realization of novel topological superconductors.

我们提出了一种在含有马约拉纳费米子的一维拓扑系统中实现合成px+ipy超导体的方案。通过周期性地在系统中驱动局域的Majorana模式，我们的协议实现了Majorana费米子的拓扑抽运，类似于电荷的绝热Thouless抽运。重要的是，类似于通过Thouless抽运实现Chern绝缘子，我们证明了在空间和合成时间的两个维度上抽运Majorana零模可以导致px+ipy超导体。将频率作为一个新的维度，利用Floquet理论将一维驱动系统映射为二维合成系统。我们使用Kitaev纵波超导链（一种典型的一维拓扑系统）及其在一维近藤晶格模型中的更现实的实现为例，展示了这种Floquet px+ipy超导体。我们进一步证明了在中间驱动频率区域的Floquet区边界处出现Majorana π模式。我们的工作表明，驱动磁螺旋耦合到超导体作为一个有希望的平台，以实现新的拓扑超导体。

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引用次数: 0

A review of quantum imaging methods and enabling technologies 量子成像方法及使能技术综述

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100044

Duncan P. Ryan, James H. Werner

The field of quantum imaging has recently seen an explosion of new methods and techniques. At the heart of most quantum imaging approaches are three enabling technologies: the source of the quantum light, the detectors that turn sensing into imaging, and the method by which the quantum nature of light is leveraged to improve the desired measurement. This review addresses the dominant and emerging technologies in each of these components as well as details concerning the implementations of various quantum imaging methods.

量子成像领域最近出现了大量的新方法和新技术。大多数量子成像方法的核心是三种使能技术：量子光源，将传感转化为成像的探测器，以及利用光的量子特性来改进所需测量的方法。这篇综述讨论了这些组件中的主流技术和新兴技术，以及有关各种量子成像方法实现的细节。

引用次数: 0

More buck-per-shot: Why learning trumps mitigation in noisy quantum sensing 更多的单次奖励：为什么在嘈杂的量子传感中学习胜过缓解

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100042

Aroosa Ijaz , C. Huerta Alderete , Frédéric Sauvage , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo , Matthew L. Goh

Quantum sensing is one of the most promising applications for quantum technologies. However, reaching the ultimate sensitivities enabled by the laws of quantum mechanics can be a challenging task in realistic scenarios where noise is present. While several strategies have been proposed to deal with the detrimental effects of noise, these come at the cost of an extra shot budget. Given that shots are a precious resource for sensing – as infinite measurements could lead to infinite precision – care must be taken to truly guarantee that any shot not being used for sensing is actually leading to some metrological improvement. In this work, we study whether investing shots in error-mitigation, inference techniques, or combinations thereof, can improve the sensitivity of a noisy quantum sensor on a (shot) budget. We present a detailed bias–variance error analysis for various sensing protocols. Our results show that the costs of zero-noise extrapolation techniques outweigh their benefits. We also find that pre-characterizing a quantum sensor via inference techniques leads to the best performance, under the assumption that the sensor is sufficiently stable.

量子传感是量子技术最有前途的应用之一。然而，在存在噪声的现实情况下，达到量子力学定律所能实现的最终灵敏度可能是一项具有挑战性的任务。虽然已经提出了几种策略来处理噪音的有害影响，但这些都是以额外的镜头预算为代价的。鉴于镜头是一种宝贵的传感资源——因为无限的测量可能导致无限的精度——必须谨慎，以真正保证任何镜头不用于传感实际上导致一些计量改进。在这项工作中，我们研究了在错误缓解、推理技术或它们的组合中投入镜头是否可以在（镜头）预算上提高噪声量子传感器的灵敏度。我们对各种传感协议进行了详细的偏方差误差分析。我们的研究结果表明，零噪声外推技术的成本大于其收益。我们还发现，在假设传感器足够稳定的情况下，通过推理技术对量子传感器进行预表征可以获得最佳性能。

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引用次数: 0

Quantum metric nonlinear spin-orbit torque enhanced by topological bands 拓扑带增强的量子度量非线性自旋轨道转矩

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100040

Xukun Feng , Weikang Wu , Hui Wang , Weibo Gao , Lay Kee Ang , Y.X. Zhao , Cong Xiao , Shengyuan A. Yang

Effects manifesting quantum geometry have been a focus of physics research. Here, we reveal that quantum metric plays a crucial role in nonlinear electric spin response, leading to a quantum metric spin–orbit torque. We argue that enhanced quantum metric can occur at band (anti)crossings, so the nonlinear torque could be amplified in topological metals with nodal features close to Fermi level. By applying our theory to magnetic Kane–Mele model and monolayer CrSBr, which feature nodal lines and Weyl points, we demonstrate that the quantum metric torque dominates the response, and its magnitude is significantly enhanced by topological band structures, which even surpasses the previously reported linear torques and is sufficient to drive magnetic switching by itself.

量子几何效应一直是物理学研究的热点。在这里，我们揭示了量子度在非线性电自旋响应中起着至关重要的作用，导致量子度自旋轨道扭矩。我们认为增强的量子度量可以发生在带（反）交叉处，因此非线性扭矩可以在具有接近费米能级的节点特征的拓扑金属中被放大。通过将我们的理论应用于具有节点线和Weyl点的磁Kane-Mele模型和单层CrSBr，我们证明了量子力矩主导响应，其大小被拓扑带结构显著增强，甚至超过了先前报道的线性力矩，并且足以本身驱动磁开关。

引用次数: 0

Spin interactions in decorated graphene nanoflakes with two localized spin-1/2 entities 具有两个定域自旋1/2实体的装饰石墨烯纳米片中的自旋相互作用

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100041

Toshikaze Kariyado

Magnetic properties of graphene nanoflakes with designed edge shapes are theoretically analyzed by means of the first-principles calculation. As a starting point, we take a nanoflake with decorated zigzag edges where no magnetism is expected. Then, it is shown that removal of one decoration unit induces a well-defined localized spin-1/2 state. When two decoration units are removed, there arise two localized spin-1/2 states. Notably, when two spins are aligned in the same edge, the spin–spin interaction is ferromagnetic, while when two spins are aligned in the opposite edges, the spin–spin interaction is antiferromagnetic. This suggests that decorated nanoflakes form a promising playground for nanoscale spin devices with tunable spin–spin interactions by designing edge shapes.

采用第一性原理计算方法，对设计边缘形状的石墨烯纳米片的磁性进行了理论分析。作为起点，我们选择了一个锯齿形边缘的纳米片，它没有磁性。结果表明，去除一个装饰单元会产生一个定义明确的局域自旋-1/2状态。当两个装饰单元被移除时，会产生两个局部的自旋-1/2状态。值得注意的是，当两个自旋排列在同一边缘时，自旋-自旋相互作用是铁磁性的，而当两个自旋排列在相反边缘时，自旋-自旋相互作用是反铁磁性的。这表明，通过设计边缘形状，装饰纳米片为具有可调自旋相互作用的纳米级自旋器件提供了一个有前景的平台。

引用次数: 0

Innovative direct manufacturing of tungsten carbide superconducting nanowires for photon detection applications via pulsed focused ion beam induced deposition 利用脉冲聚焦离子束诱导沉积技术创新地直接制造用于光子探测的碳化钨超导纳米线

Materials Today Quantum

Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100043

Cristina García-Pérez , Fernando J. Urbanos , Gabriel Caballero , Manuel R. Osorio , Alicia Gómez , Ramón Bernardo-Gavito , Daniel Granados

We present the development and optical characterization of tungsten carbide superconducting nanowire devices for photon detection. They are nanofabricated by direct deposition via pulsed focused ion beam induced deposition (PFIBID) using Tungsten Hexacarbonyl (W(CO)₆) as precursor. The nanowires exhibit a critical temperature of 4.71 K and demonstrate a notable response to low-intensity CW or pulsed laser illumination. For the first time, in-operando photoresponse low-temperature maps reveal hotspot distributions under low power illumination and localized superconductivity suppression upon high fluence photon absorption at higher powers. Dynamic response measurements under 1 MHz repetition rate, 640 nm pulsed laser excitation highlight the fast temporal response of the detectors and high operation stability near saturation. While currently operating in the multi-photon regime (9 photons/output-pulse), the findings emphasize their potential for single-photon detection with further optimization of material thickness (target <25 nm) and excitation schemes. This work demonstrates the significant promise to direct nanofabricate superconducting devices based on WC for advanced quantum applications.

我们介绍了用于光子探测的碳化钨超导纳米线器件的发展和光学特性。以六羰基钨（W（CO）₆）为前驱体，采用脉冲聚焦离子束诱导沉积（PFIBID）直接沉积法制备了它们。该纳米线的临界温度为4.71 K，对低强度连续波或脉冲激光具有明显的响应。首次获得了低功率光照下的热点分布和高功率下高通量光子吸收时的局域超导抑制。在1 MHz重复频率、640 nm脉冲激光激励下的动态响应测试表明，探测器的时间响应速度快，近饱和运行稳定性好。虽然目前在多光子状态下运行（9个光子/输出脉冲），但研究结果强调了它们在单光子探测方面的潜力，并进一步优化了材料厚度（目标<；25 nm）和激发方案。这项工作展示了基于WC的纳米超导器件用于先进量子应用的重大前景。

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