Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100051
Jun Beom Park, Rijan Karkee, Michael Thompson Pettes
Thermoelectric materials with high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity (e.g., Bi2Te3) can efficiently convert waste heat into electricity. However, despite favorable theoretical predictions, individual Bi2Te3 nanostructures such as two-dimensional (2D) nanoplates tend to underperform bulk Bi2Te3. We report a novel surface doping technique to synthesize highly n-type Bi2Te3 nanoplates using an external Cr coating followed by a thermal annealing process in a reducing atmosphere, as well as the mechanism by which this surface coating – only a few atoms or less in thickness – can observably impact the thermoelectric performance of 2D Bi2Te3. The Cr atoms act as n-type carrier donors by directly incorporating into the Bi2Te3 structure during thermal annealing, enhancing electrical conductivity by ∼ 70 % while increasing thermal conductivity by only ∼ 5 % at room temperature. Compared to the uncoated Bi2Te3 nanoplate, the Cr-doped Bi2Te3 nanoplate exhibits a doubled thermoelectric figure of merit (zT), which is still relatively low. Raman spectroscopy and chemical potential simulations further confirm that Cr atoms are incorporated into the Bi2Te3 structure.
{"title":"Improved thermoelectric performance in Cr-doped two-dimensional Bi2Te3","authors":"Jun Beom Park, Rijan Karkee, Michael Thompson Pettes","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric materials with high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity (e.g., Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>) can efficiently convert waste heat into electricity. However, despite favorable theoretical predictions, individual Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> nanostructures such as two-dimensional (2D) nanoplates tend to underperform bulk Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>. We report a novel surface doping technique to synthesize highly n-type Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> nanoplates using an external Cr coating followed by a thermal annealing process in a reducing atmosphere, as well as the mechanism by which this surface coating – only a few atoms or less in thickness – can observably impact the thermoelectric performance of 2D Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>. The Cr atoms act as n-type carrier donors by directly incorporating into the Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> structure during thermal annealing, enhancing electrical conductivity by ∼ 70 % while increasing thermal conductivity by only ∼ 5 % at room temperature. Compared to the uncoated Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> nanoplate, the Cr-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> nanoplate exhibits a doubled thermoelectric figure of merit (<em>zT</em>), which is still relatively low. Raman spectroscopy and chemical potential simulations further confirm that Cr atoms are incorporated into the Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100050
Yuanze Song , Ting Zhang , Weizhen Meng , Jing Wang , Ying Liu
Two novel three-dimensional allotropes, designated as hexagonal supertetrahedral aluminum and gallium (h-Al/h-Ga), are proposed based on a hexagonal diamond structure and share the same space group symmetry (P63/mmc) as hexagonal diamond. First-principles calculations demonstrate their structural stability and superior mechanical properties. Notably, these allotropes exhibit distinct electronic characteristics: h-Al behaves as a narrow-bandgap semiconductor, while h-Ga manifests as a topological semimetal with multiple band crossings. We systematically investigate the topological characteristics of h-Ga, which hosts three distinct classes of topological states: triple point, nodal line, and nodal surface, with associated Fermi arcs and drumhead-like surface states. Furthermore, the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling lifts all topological degeneracies, driving a phase transition to a Dirac semimetal. Our findings not only contribute to the expansion of the supertetrahedral materials family but also underscore hexagonal supertetrahedral lattices as a robust and versatile platform for the discovery of diverse topological phases.
{"title":"Hexagonal supertetrahedral gallium: a cluster-based three-dimensional topological metal","authors":"Yuanze Song , Ting Zhang , Weizhen Meng , Jing Wang , Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two novel three-dimensional allotropes, designated as hexagonal supertetrahedral aluminum and gallium (<em>h</em>-Al/<em>h</em>-Ga), are proposed based on a hexagonal diamond structure and share the same space group symmetry (<em>P</em>6<sub>3</sub>/<em>mmc</em>) as hexagonal diamond. First-principles calculations demonstrate their structural stability and superior mechanical properties. Notably, these allotropes exhibit distinct electronic characteristics: <em>h</em>-Al behaves as a narrow-bandgap semiconductor, while <em>h</em>-Ga manifests as a topological semimetal with multiple band crossings. We systematically investigate the topological characteristics of <em>h</em>-Ga, which hosts three distinct classes of topological states: triple point, nodal line, and nodal surface, with associated Fermi arcs and drumhead-like surface states. Furthermore, the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling lifts all topological degeneracies, driving a phase transition to a Dirac semimetal. Our findings not only contribute to the expansion of the supertetrahedral materials family but also underscore hexagonal supertetrahedral lattices as a robust and versatile platform for the discovery of diverse topological phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-10DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100049
M. Cristina Rodríguez , Analia Zwick , Gonzalo A. Álvarez
Quantum probes offer a powerful platform for exploring environmental dynamics, particularly through their sensitivity to decoherence processes. In this work, we investigate the emergence of critical behavior in the estimation of the environmental memory time , modeled as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process characterized by a Lorentzian spectral density. Using dynamically controlled qubit-based sensors—realized experimentally via solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and supported by numerical simulations—we implement tailored filter functions to interrogate the environmental noise spectrum and extract from its spectral width. Our results reveal a sharp transition in estimation performance between short-memory (SM) and long-memory (LM) regimes, reflected in a non-monotonic estimation error that resembles a phase transition. This behavior is accompanied by an avoided-crossing-like structure in the estimated parameter space, indicative of two competing solutions near the critical point. These features underscore the interplay between control, decoherence, and inference in open quantum systems. Beyond their fundamental significance, these critical phenomena offer a practical diagnostic tool for identifying dynamical regimes and optimizing quantum sensing protocols. By exploiting this criticality, our findings pave the way for adaptive control strategies aimed at enhancing precision in quantum parameter estimation—particularly in complex or structured environments such as spin networks, diffusive media, and quantum materials.
{"title":"Manifestation of critical effects in environmental parameter estimation using a quantum sensor under dynamical control","authors":"M. Cristina Rodríguez , Analia Zwick , Gonzalo A. Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum probes offer a powerful platform for exploring environmental dynamics, particularly through their sensitivity to decoherence processes. In this work, we investigate the emergence of critical behavior in the estimation of the environmental memory time <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, modeled as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process characterized by a Lorentzian spectral density. Using dynamically controlled qubit-based sensors—realized experimentally via solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and supported by numerical simulations—we implement tailored filter functions to interrogate the environmental noise spectrum and extract <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> from its spectral width. Our results reveal a sharp transition in estimation performance between short-memory (SM) and long-memory (LM) regimes, reflected in a non-monotonic estimation error that resembles a phase transition. This behavior is accompanied by an avoided-crossing-like structure in the estimated parameter space, indicative of two competing solutions near the critical point. These features underscore the interplay between control, decoherence, and inference in open quantum systems. Beyond their fundamental significance, these critical phenomena offer a practical diagnostic tool for identifying dynamical regimes and optimizing quantum sensing protocols. By exploiting this criticality, our findings pave the way for adaptive control strategies aimed at enhancing precision in quantum parameter estimation—particularly in complex or structured environments such as spin networks, diffusive media, and quantum materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100048
Mohammed A. Khammat , Alaa M. Khudhair , Noora B. Shwayyea
The present study utilizes density functional theory (DFT) to methodically examine the geometric, electrical, and chemical characteristics of both pure and halogen doped graphene nanoflakes (GNFs). Geometric optimization indicates that the incorporation of bromine and fluorine atoms results in significant lattice distortions, elevated dipole moments, and heightened surface polarity, especially in multi-doped systems. A significant discovery is the adjustable modulation of the electronic band gap: pristine GNFs exhibit a broad band gap of 4.172 eV, whereas halogen doping substantially reduces this value resulting in 1.548 eV for BrF-GNFs, 1.580 eV for 2Br-GNFs, 1.676 eV for 2F-GNFs, 1.426 eV for Br2F2-GNFs, and as low as 1.194 eV for Br3F3-GNFs. This decrease is ascribed to the concentration of frontier molecular orbitals at dopant locations and the formation of mid-gap electronic states. Doping induces substantial alterations in the Fermi level and considerable enhancements in work function, reaching values as high as 4.364 eV in Br2F2-GNFs, which is beneficial for device applications. Chemical reactivity indices demonstrate that doped GNFs possess enhanced electrophilicity, softness, and a heightened tendency for electron transfer relative to virgin GNFs. These findings together indicate that halogen doping is a viable method for modifying the band gap and chemical reactivity of graphene nanoflakes, hence expanding their use in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics catalysis, and sensing technologies.
{"title":"Tailoring electronic, optical, and reactive properties of Br- and F-doped graphene nanoflakes: A DFT-based study","authors":"Mohammed A. Khammat , Alaa M. Khudhair , Noora B. Shwayyea","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study utilizes density functional theory (DFT) to methodically examine the geometric, electrical, and chemical characteristics of both pure and halogen doped graphene nanoflakes (GNFs). Geometric optimization indicates that the incorporation of bromine and fluorine atoms results in significant lattice distortions, elevated dipole moments, and heightened surface polarity, especially in multi-doped systems. A significant discovery is the adjustable modulation of the electronic band gap: pristine GNFs exhibit a broad band gap of 4.172 eV, whereas halogen doping substantially reduces this value resulting in 1.548 eV for BrF-GNFs, 1.580 eV for 2Br-GNFs, 1.676 eV for 2F-GNFs, 1.426 eV for Br<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>-GNFs, and as low as 1.194 eV for Br<sub>3</sub>F<sub>3</sub>-GNFs. This decrease is ascribed to the concentration of frontier molecular orbitals at dopant locations and the formation of mid-gap electronic states. Doping induces substantial alterations in the Fermi level and considerable enhancements in work function, reaching values as high as 4.364 eV in Br<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>-GNFs, which is beneficial for device applications. Chemical reactivity indices demonstrate that doped GNFs possess enhanced electrophilicity, softness, and a heightened tendency for electron transfer relative to virgin GNFs. These findings together indicate that halogen doping is a viable method for modifying the band gap and chemical reactivity of graphene nanoflakes, hence expanding their use in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics catalysis, and sensing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100046
Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana
One of the most prominent platforms for demonstrating quantum sensing below the standard quantum limit is the spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. While a quantum advantage using several tens of thousands of atoms has been demonstrated in this platform, it faces an important challenge: atom loss. Atom loss is a Markovian error process modeled by Lindblad jump operators, and a no-go theorem, which we also show here, states that the loss of atoms in all spin components reduces the quantum advantage to a constant factor. Here, we show that this no-go theorem can be circumvented if we constrain atom losses to a single spin component. Moreover, we show that in this case, the maximum quantum Fisher information with atoms scales as , establishing that a scalable quantum advantage can be achieved despite atom loss. Although Lindblad jump operators are generally non-Hermitian and non-invertible, we use their Moore–Penrose inverse to develop a framework for constructing several states with this scaling of Fisher information in the presence of losses. We use Hamiltonian engineering with realistic Hamiltonians to develop experimental protocols for preparing these states. Finally, we discuss possible experimental techniques to constrain the losses to a single spin mode.
{"title":"Optimizing lossy state preparation for quantum sensing using Hamiltonian engineering","authors":"Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most prominent platforms for demonstrating quantum sensing below the standard quantum limit is the spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. While a quantum advantage using several tens of thousands of atoms has been demonstrated in this platform, it faces an important challenge: atom loss. Atom loss is a Markovian error process modeled by Lindblad jump operators, and a no-go theorem, which we also show here, states that the loss of atoms in all spin components reduces the quantum advantage to a constant factor. Here, we show that this no-go theorem can be circumvented if we constrain atom losses to a <em>single</em> spin component. Moreover, we show that in this case, the maximum quantum Fisher information with <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> atoms scales as <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, establishing that a <em>scalable</em> quantum advantage can be achieved <em>despite</em> atom loss. Although Lindblad jump operators are generally non-Hermitian and non-invertible, we use their <em>Moore–Penrose inverse</em> to develop a framework for constructing several states with this scaling of Fisher information in the presence of losses. We use Hamiltonian engineering with realistic Hamiltonians to develop experimental protocols for preparing these states. Finally, we discuss possible experimental techniques to constrain the losses to a single spin mode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100047
Fatih Koc , Carlos A. Duque , Mehmet Sahin
In this study, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of InP/GaAs/GaSb quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) with type II confinement regime is investigated depending on different structural parameters such as, core radius, spacer layer, and outer shell thickness using both original detailed balance model (ODBM) developed by Shockley and Queisser, and modified detailed balance model (MDBM). Moreover, the effect of external parameters such as temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the PCE is also investigated, and the possible physical reasons are discussed in detail and comparatively. The results show that the MDBM can better reveal the critical effects of the structural parameters, i.e., the size and material properties and the confinement regime on the PCE. A significant result related to this shows that the PCE of the InP/GaAs/GaSb QDSC model can be optimized by adjusting the spacer material thickness to maintain the effective energy gap at different fixed values. At the same time, it is seen that the MDBM is also more successful in determining the effects of external parameters on the PCE. This study develops a novel method of determining the best device parameters by thoroughly investigating the impact of structural and external parameters on the PCE of QDSCs.
{"title":"Investigation of structural and external parameters affecting the efficiency of quantum dot solar cells: A modified detailed-balance model study","authors":"Fatih Koc , Carlos A. Duque , Mehmet Sahin","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of InP/GaAs/GaSb quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) with type II confinement regime is investigated depending on different structural parameters such as, core radius, spacer layer, and outer shell thickness using both original detailed balance model (ODBM) developed by Shockley and Queisser, and modified detailed balance model (MDBM). Moreover, the effect of external parameters such as temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the PCE is also investigated, and the possible physical reasons are discussed in detail and comparatively. The results show that the MDBM can better reveal the critical effects of the structural parameters, i.e., the size and material properties and the confinement regime on the PCE. A significant result related to this shows that the PCE of the InP/GaAs/GaSb QDSC model can be optimized by adjusting the spacer material thickness to maintain the effective energy gap at different fixed values. At the same time, it is seen that the MDBM is also more successful in determining the effects of external parameters on the PCE. This study develops a novel method of determining the best device parameters by thoroughly investigating the impact of structural and external parameters on the PCE of QDSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100045
Lingyu Yang , Gia-Wei Chern , Shi-Zeng Lin
We propose a protocol to realize synthetic superconductors in one-dimensional topological systems that host Majorana fermions. By periodically driving a localized Majorana mode across the system, our protocol realizes a topological pumping of Majorana fermions, analogous to the adiabatic Thouless pumping of electrical charges. Importantly, similar to the realization of a Chern insulator through Thouless pumping, we show that pumping of Majorana zero modes could lead to a superconductor in the two dimensions of space and synthetic time. The Floquet theory is employed to map the driven one-dimensional system to a two-dimensional synthetic system by considering frequency as a new dimension. We demonstrate such Floquet superconductors using the Kitaev -wave superconductor chain, a prototypical 1D topological system, as well as its more realistic realization in the 1D Kondo lattice model as examples. We further show the appearance of Majorana mode at the Floquet zone boundary in an intermediate drive frequency region. Our work suggests a driven magnetic spiral coupled to a superconductor as a promising platform for the realization of novel topological superconductors.
{"title":"Driven Majorana modes: A route to synthetic px+ipy superconductivity","authors":"Lingyu Yang , Gia-Wei Chern , Shi-Zeng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a protocol to realize synthetic <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> superconductors in one-dimensional topological systems that host Majorana fermions. By periodically driving a localized Majorana mode across the system, our protocol realizes a topological pumping of Majorana fermions, analogous to the adiabatic Thouless pumping of electrical charges. Importantly, similar to the realization of a Chern insulator through Thouless pumping, we show that pumping of Majorana zero modes could lead to a <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> superconductor in the two dimensions of space and synthetic time. The Floquet theory is employed to map the driven one-dimensional system to a two-dimensional synthetic system by considering frequency as a new dimension. We demonstrate such Floquet <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> superconductors using the Kitaev <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>-wave superconductor chain, a prototypical 1D topological system, as well as its more realistic realization in the 1D Kondo lattice model as examples. We further show the appearance of Majorana <span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span> mode at the Floquet zone boundary in an intermediate drive frequency region. Our work suggests a driven magnetic spiral coupled to a superconductor as a promising platform for the realization of novel topological superconductors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100044
Duncan P. Ryan, James H. Werner
The field of quantum imaging has recently seen an explosion of new methods and techniques. At the heart of most quantum imaging approaches are three enabling technologies: the source of the quantum light, the detectors that turn sensing into imaging, and the method by which the quantum nature of light is leveraged to improve the desired measurement. This review addresses the dominant and emerging technologies in each of these components as well as details concerning the implementations of various quantum imaging methods.
{"title":"A review of quantum imaging methods and enabling technologies","authors":"Duncan P. Ryan, James H. Werner","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of quantum imaging has recently seen an explosion of new methods and techniques. At the heart of most quantum imaging approaches are three enabling technologies: the source of the quantum light, the detectors that turn sensing into imaging, and the method by which the quantum nature of light is leveraged to improve the desired measurement. This review addresses the dominant and emerging technologies in each of these components as well as details concerning the implementations of various quantum imaging methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100042
Aroosa Ijaz , C. Huerta Alderete , Frédéric Sauvage , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo , Matthew L. Goh
Quantum sensing is one of the most promising applications for quantum technologies. However, reaching the ultimate sensitivities enabled by the laws of quantum mechanics can be a challenging task in realistic scenarios where noise is present. While several strategies have been proposed to deal with the detrimental effects of noise, these come at the cost of an extra shot budget. Given that shots are a precious resource for sensing – as infinite measurements could lead to infinite precision – care must be taken to truly guarantee that any shot not being used for sensing is actually leading to some metrological improvement. In this work, we study whether investing shots in error-mitigation, inference techniques, or combinations thereof, can improve the sensitivity of a noisy quantum sensor on a (shot) budget. We present a detailed bias–variance error analysis for various sensing protocols. Our results show that the costs of zero-noise extrapolation techniques outweigh their benefits. We also find that pre-characterizing a quantum sensor via inference techniques leads to the best performance, under the assumption that the sensor is sufficiently stable.
{"title":"More buck-per-shot: Why learning trumps mitigation in noisy quantum sensing","authors":"Aroosa Ijaz , C. Huerta Alderete , Frédéric Sauvage , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo , Matthew L. Goh","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum sensing is one of the most promising applications for quantum technologies. However, reaching the ultimate sensitivities enabled by the laws of quantum mechanics can be a challenging task in realistic scenarios where noise is present. While several strategies have been proposed to deal with the detrimental effects of noise, these come at the cost of an extra shot budget. Given that shots are a precious resource for sensing – as infinite measurements could lead to infinite precision – care must be taken to truly guarantee that any shot not being used for sensing is actually leading to some metrological improvement. In this work, we study whether investing shots in error-mitigation, inference techniques, or combinations thereof, can improve the sensitivity of a noisy quantum sensor on a (shot) budget. We present a detailed bias–variance error analysis for various sensing protocols. Our results show that the costs of zero-noise extrapolation techniques outweigh their benefits. We also find that pre-characterizing a quantum sensor via inference techniques leads to the best performance, under the assumption that the sensor is sufficiently stable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100040
Xukun Feng , Weikang Wu , Hui Wang , Weibo Gao , Lay Kee Ang , Y.X. Zhao , Cong Xiao , Shengyuan A. Yang
Effects manifesting quantum geometry have been a focus of physics research. Here, we reveal that quantum metric plays a crucial role in nonlinear electric spin response, leading to a quantum metric spin–orbit torque. We argue that enhanced quantum metric can occur at band (anti)crossings, so the nonlinear torque could be amplified in topological metals with nodal features close to Fermi level. By applying our theory to magnetic Kane–Mele model and monolayer CrSBr, which feature nodal lines and Weyl points, we demonstrate that the quantum metric torque dominates the response, and its magnitude is significantly enhanced by topological band structures, which even surpasses the previously reported linear torques and is sufficient to drive magnetic switching by itself.
{"title":"Quantum metric nonlinear spin-orbit torque enhanced by topological bands","authors":"Xukun Feng , Weikang Wu , Hui Wang , Weibo Gao , Lay Kee Ang , Y.X. Zhao , Cong Xiao , Shengyuan A. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtquan.2025.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects manifesting quantum geometry have been a focus of physics research. Here, we reveal that quantum metric plays a crucial role in nonlinear electric spin response, leading to a quantum metric spin–orbit torque. We argue that enhanced quantum metric can occur at band (anti)crossings, so the nonlinear torque could be amplified in topological metals with nodal features close to Fermi level. By applying our theory to magnetic Kane–Mele model and monolayer CrSBr, which feature nodal lines and Weyl points, we demonstrate that the quantum metric torque dominates the response, and its magnitude is significantly enhanced by topological band structures, which even surpasses the previously reported linear torques and is sufficient to drive magnetic switching by itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100894,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Quantum","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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