Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100028
Bushra Kamal , Amirhossein Yazdanicherati , Mabkhot S. BinDahbag , Zahra Abbasi , Hassan Hassanzadeh
Accurately determining the concentration of organic solvents in an oleic phase is essential for various industrial applications, including enhanced oil recovery. Popular detection methods, like chromatographic and distillation-based approaches, suffer from sample processing-induced solvent loss. There is a lack of standard methods for detecting solvents in produced fluid streams during solvent-aided oil recovery. We propose a novel sensing approach for solvent monitoring using planar microwave sensors. The proposed sensor consists of a chipless tag-reader pair communicating wirelessly using electromagnetic coupling. The sensor has a high sensitivity response to variations in permittivity at various solvent concentrations, which is reflected in the resonance-frequency spectrum. To maximize repeatability response of sensor, the sensor is integrated into a plastic container to form a sensing probe that can be used as an on-site in-line instrument. The experiments were conducted using four solvents, including n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and ethyl acetate. The results demonstrated that when solvent concentration changes from zero to 20 wt%, the frequency shift of resonance peak changes by 2.71, 2.01, 1.66, and 2.10 MHz for the examined solvents, respectively, indicating an exceptional capability of real-time monitoring for measuring solvents in oleic phase. The proposed approach offers the potential for applying planar microwave sensors to detect organic solvents in industrial processes.
{"title":"Highly sensitive real-time microwave sensor for detection of organic liquid solvents in an oleic phase","authors":"Bushra Kamal , Amirhossein Yazdanicherati , Mabkhot S. BinDahbag , Zahra Abbasi , Hassan Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately determining the concentration of organic solvents in an oleic phase is essential for various industrial applications, including enhanced oil recovery. Popular detection methods, like chromatographic and distillation-based approaches, suffer from sample processing-induced solvent loss. There is a lack of standard methods for detecting solvents in produced fluid streams during solvent-aided oil recovery. We propose a novel sensing approach for solvent monitoring using planar microwave sensors. The proposed sensor consists of a chipless tag-reader pair communicating wirelessly using electromagnetic coupling. The sensor has a high sensitivity response to variations in permittivity at various solvent concentrations, which is reflected in the resonance-frequency spectrum. To maximize repeatability response of sensor, the sensor is integrated into a plastic container to form a sensing probe that can be used as an on-site in-line instrument. The experiments were conducted using four solvents, including n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and ethyl acetate. The results demonstrated that when solvent concentration changes from zero to 20 wt%, the frequency shift of resonance peak changes by 2.71, 2.01, 1.66, and 2.10 MHz for the examined solvents, respectively, indicating an exceptional capability of real-time monitoring for measuring solvents in oleic phase. The proposed approach offers the potential for applying planar microwave sensors to detect organic solvents in industrial processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100029
Hasham Khan , Main Farhan Ullah , Muhammad Saqib Ali , Muhammad Shahzaib Shah , Muhammad Adnan Khan , Muhammad Waseem , Ahmed Mohammed Saleh
In recent decades, electrical utilities have made significant advancements in Electrical Power Distribution Systems (EPDS). However, energy loss in distribution networks, particularly in 0.4 kV systems, remains a critical challenge. It is increasingly essential for countries to review and update their power loss policies to deliver electrical energy to consumers at the most feasible and economical rates. The performance of Low Voltage Distribution Networks (LVDN) often falls short, resulting in high voltage fluctuations and significant energy losses for end consumers in 0.4 kV systems. This research aims to address these issues by minimizing energy losses and enhancing the voltage profile of the 0.4 kV distribution network. Various rehabilitation techniques have been employed to significantly improve the efficiency of the LVDN. Since most energy losses are directly associated with the LVDN, two 0.4 kV distribution networks in the villages of New Kalyam and Upper Tharjial in the Mandra Sub-Division, under Islamabad Electricity Supply Corporation (IESCO), Pakistan, were selected as case studies. Field surveys were conducted in collaboration with the local utility staff to collect actual data. The analysis was performed using computer-aided tools, including the Computer-Aided Distribution Planning and Design (CADPAD) software and Energy Loss Reduction (ELR) programs. The proposed methodology is straightforward and practical. The case study results demonstrate significant improvements in the voltage profile and reductions in energy losses within the LVDN. These results have been validated and found to be within permissible standard limits, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Energy loss calculation and voltage profile improvement for the rehabilitation of 0.4 kV low voltage distribution network (LVDN)","authors":"Hasham Khan , Main Farhan Ullah , Muhammad Saqib Ali , Muhammad Shahzaib Shah , Muhammad Adnan Khan , Muhammad Waseem , Ahmed Mohammed Saleh","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, electrical utilities have made significant advancements in Electrical Power Distribution Systems (EPDS). However, energy loss in distribution networks, particularly in 0.4 kV systems, remains a critical challenge. It is increasingly essential for countries to review and update their power loss policies to deliver electrical energy to consumers at the most feasible and economical rates. The performance of Low Voltage Distribution Networks (LVDN) often falls short, resulting in high voltage fluctuations and significant energy losses for end consumers in 0.4 kV systems. This research aims to address these issues by minimizing energy losses and enhancing the voltage profile of the 0.4 kV distribution network. Various rehabilitation techniques have been employed to significantly improve the efficiency of the LVDN. Since most energy losses are directly associated with the LVDN, two 0.4 kV distribution networks in the villages of New Kalyam and Upper Tharjial in the Mandra Sub-Division, under Islamabad Electricity Supply Corporation (IESCO), Pakistan, were selected as case studies. Field surveys were conducted in collaboration with the local utility staff to collect actual data. The analysis was performed using computer-aided tools, including the Computer-Aided Distribution Planning and Design (CADPAD) software and Energy Loss Reduction (ELR) programs. The proposed methodology is straightforward and practical. The case study results demonstrate significant improvements in the voltage profile and reductions in energy losses within the LVDN. These results have been validated and found to be within permissible standard limits, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100027
Jakob Smith , Peter Weinberger , Andreas Werner
Thermochemical energy storage is an emerging technology being researched for harvesting waste heat and promoting integration of renewable energy in order to combat climate change. While many simple salts such as MgSO4⋅7H2O have been investigated thoroughly, there remains much work to be done in the domain of materials that take advantage of synergetic effects of multiple different cations located in the same crystal. To this end, a solid solution library of divalent metal sulfates of the formula M1-xM2xSO4·nH2O (M, M2 = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) has been synthesized. Following X-ray powder diffraction to confirm phase purity, scanning electron microscopy provided insight into particle morphology. One of the most conspicuous features was the presence of star-shaped cracks in some of the materials, which may contribute to increased surface area and enhance reaction kinetics. The simultaneous thermal analysis of the mixed salt sulfates led to several conclusions. Corresponding to the high initial dehydration barrier of NiSO4⋅6H2O, incorporation of nickel into other sulfates led to lower degrees of dehydration at low temperatures. The opposite effect was observed with the addition of copper. Of great interest was the surprisingly facile dehydration of hydrated Mg0.25Zn0.75SO4, which exceeded that of both pure MgSO4⋅7H2O and ZnSO4⋅7H2O. This promising compound is one representative of three different compounds with 75 % zinc which all have the highest dehydration activity up to 100 °C of all compounds in the series of hydrates of M1-xZnxSO4·nH2O (M = Mg, Ni, Cu).
{"title":"Mixed magnesium, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc sulfates as thermochemical heat storage materials","authors":"Jakob Smith , Peter Weinberger , Andreas Werner","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermochemical energy storage is an emerging technology being researched for harvesting waste heat and promoting integration of renewable energy in order to combat climate change. While many simple salts such as MgSO<sub>4</sub>⋅7H<sub>2</sub>O have been investigated thoroughly, there remains much work to be done in the domain of materials that take advantage of synergetic effects of multiple different cations located in the same crystal. To this end, a solid solution library of divalent metal sulfates of the formula M<sub>1-x</sub>M<sup>2</sup><sub>x</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O (M, M<sup>2</sup> = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) has been synthesized. Following X-ray powder diffraction to confirm phase purity, scanning electron microscopy provided insight into particle morphology. One of the most conspicuous features was the presence of star-shaped cracks in some of the materials, which may contribute to increased surface area and enhance reaction kinetics. The simultaneous thermal analysis of the mixed salt sulfates led to several conclusions. Corresponding to the high initial dehydration barrier of NiSO<sub>4</sub>⋅6H<sub>2</sub>O, incorporation of nickel into other sulfates led to lower degrees of dehydration at low temperatures. The opposite effect was observed with the addition of copper. Of great interest was the surprisingly facile dehydration of hydrated Mg<sub>0.25</sub>Zn<sub>0.75</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, which exceeded that of both pure MgSO<sub>4</sub>⋅7H<sub>2</sub>O and ZnSO<sub>4</sub>⋅7H<sub>2</sub>O. This promising compound is one representative of three different compounds with 75 % zinc which all have the highest dehydration activity up to 100 °C of all compounds in the series of hydrates of M<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O (M = Mg, Ni, Cu).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100030
Xiaoli Zhu , Yi Xu , Qiuya Tu , Hanqiao Che , Haigang Wang
Gas-solids fluidized beds are widely used in the power and energy sectors for processes such as coal and biomass combustion, as well as gasification. However, the complex and dynamic flow behaviors within these reactors present significant challenges to improving energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. Understanding the hydrodynamics and developing reliable methods to measure key process parameters are essential for optimizing performance and controlling operations. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current measurement and sensor technologies used in gas-solids fluidized beds under both "cold" and "hot" conditions. It combines traditional measurement techniques with recent advances in sensor technology for industrial applications, focusing on key parameters such as solids concentration, velocity, flux, temperature, and emissions. The review also discusses fluidized bed process control based on these measurements and the potential for integrating machine learning techniques. Finally, it addresses the challenges faced in large-scale fluidized beds and explores the development of measurement technologies for high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
{"title":"Advanced measurement techniques for gas-solids fluidized beds in the power and energy industry - A review∗","authors":"Xiaoli Zhu , Yi Xu , Qiuya Tu , Hanqiao Che , Haigang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas-solids fluidized beds are widely used in the power and energy sectors for processes such as coal and biomass combustion, as well as gasification. However, the complex and dynamic flow behaviors within these reactors present significant challenges to improving energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. Understanding the hydrodynamics and developing reliable methods to measure key process parameters are essential for optimizing performance and controlling operations. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current measurement and sensor technologies used in gas-solids fluidized beds under both \"cold\" and \"hot\" conditions. It combines traditional measurement techniques with recent advances in sensor technology for industrial applications, focusing on key parameters such as solids concentration, velocity, flux, temperature, and emissions. The review also discusses fluidized bed process control based on these measurements and the potential for integrating machine learning techniques. Finally, it addresses the challenges faced in large-scale fluidized beds and explores the development of measurement technologies for high-temperature and high-pressure environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100026
Kiman Silas , Habiba D. Mohammed , Thlama Mperiju Mainta , Mohammed Modu Aji , Jerome Undiandeye
Agricultural waste consisting of sugarcane bagasse (SB), cassava peels (RH) and rice husk (RH) were characterized in this study by EDXRF, SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, proximate and ultimate analyses. The SB waste showed the highest potential for glucose yield production and was utilized in a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization and kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis using isolated Aspergillus niger. An optimized glucose yield of maximum concentration of 92.522 mg/mL was achieved under specific conditions such as time (55.3 min), pH (4.4) and biomass (0.89g). In the kinetic study, the enzymic hydrolysis obeyed the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model, the Vmax value was measured at 1.06 mg/mL/h, indicating the maximum rate of reaction achievable under the given experimental conditions. Additionally, the KM (0.28), representing the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of Vmax. This study demonstrates the potential of agricultural waste, as efficient biofuel feedstocks, achieving high glucose yields through optimized enzymatic hydrolysis, crucial for advancing sustainable bioenergy production.
{"title":"Optimization and kinetic study of glucose production from agricultural waste","authors":"Kiman Silas , Habiba D. Mohammed , Thlama Mperiju Mainta , Mohammed Modu Aji , Jerome Undiandeye","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>A</strong>gricultural waste consisting of sugarcane bagasse (SB), cassava peels (RH) and rice husk (RH) were characterized in this study by EDXRF, SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, proximate and ultimate analyses. The SB waste showed the highest potential for glucose yield production and was utilized in a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization and kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis using isolated <em>Aspergillus niger</em>. An optimized glucose yield of maximum concentration of 92.522 mg/mL was achieved under specific conditions such as time (55.3 min), pH (4.4) and biomass (0.89g). In the kinetic study, the enzymic hydrolysis obeyed the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model, the V<sub>max</sub> value was measured at 1.06 mg/mL/h, indicating the maximum rate of reaction achievable under the given experimental conditions. Additionally, the K<sub>M</sub> (0.28), representing the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of V<sub>max</sub>. This study demonstrates the potential of agricultural waste, as efficient biofuel feedstocks, achieving high glucose yields through optimized enzymatic hydrolysis, crucial for advancing sustainable bioenergy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100024
Ali Salam Al-Khayyat, Waleed Abdulrazzaq Oraibi, Mustafa Jameel Hameed, Alyaa Muhsen Manati
It is crucial to employ power electronics converters for energy transfer in distributed energy resources such as photovoltaics, and wind energy system. Thus, parameters such as voltage, current, active and reactive powers, and frequency referred to the AC side need to be controlled. The local load could be operated either from converter itself or grid, hence the system could be called microgrid. In this paper, the active and reactive powers would be controlled separately when the inverter is connected to the grid. While in the islanded or autonomous mode, the proposed control would support the voltage and frequency. The proposed controller would be designed and function as the synchronous machine's voltage regulator and governor. The virtual synchronous machine is adopted to obtain the inertia and the concept is that the frequency of the grid is linked to the virtual frequency or so called the virtual speed of the rotor. The virtual frequency is obtained directly from the DC bus voltage of the inverter and this is achieved by allowing the DC link capacitor voltage to swing boarder than the grid frequency by making the capacitor voltage imitating frequency of grid. Where the frequency of grid is associated to the virtual frequency which is derived directly from DC capacitor voltage, thus, large level of inertia is extracted. The basic formulation, supervisory control, extraction the inertia from DC capacitor voltage, coordination transition, and evaluation the stability is presented in this paper. The mimic operation of the inverter as Synchronous Machine SM can make the distributed energy resources to be operated in either grid connected or islanded modes without the need to adopt control structure for the required mode. In addition, it provides robust performance in comparison with the traditional current, voltage and frequency control approaches. Moreover, the controller would be implemented for inverter having any type of filters and it is resilient to any variations in the filter and grid parameters. Furthermore, there is no concerning regarding instability problems, where it achieves the synchronisation smoothly and swiftly, and it is appropriate for implemented digitally.
在分布式能源（如光伏和风能系统）中，采用电力电子变流器进行能量传输至关重要。因此，需要控制交流侧的电压、电流、有功功率、无功功率和频率等参数。本地负载可由变流器本身或电网操作，因此该系统可称为微电网。在本文中，当逆变器与电网连接时，有功功率和无功功率将分别控制。在孤岛或自主模式下，建议的控制将支持电压和频率。建议的控制器将被设计为同步机的电压调节器和调速器。采用虚拟同步机来获得惯性，其概念是电网频率与虚拟频率或转子的虚拟速度相关联。虚拟频率直接从逆变器的直流母线电压中获得，这是通过让直流链路电容器电压的摆动范围大于电网频率，使电容器电压模仿电网频率来实现的。电网频率与虚拟频率相关联，而虚拟频率直接来自直流电容电压，因此可以提取较大的惯性。本文介绍了基本公式、监督控制、从直流电容电压中提取惯性、协调过渡和稳定性评估。将逆变器模拟为同步机 SM 运行，可使分布式能源资源在并网或孤岛模式下运行，而无需针对所需模式采用控制结构。此外，与传统的电流、电压和频率控制方法相比，它还能提供稳健的性能。此外，该控制器适用于具有任何类型滤波器的逆变器，并能抵御滤波器和电网参数的任何变化。此外，它不存在不稳定性问题，能平稳、迅速地实现同步，适合以数字方式实施。
{"title":"Virtual inertia extraction from a DC bus capacitor in a three−phase DC/AC inverter-based microgrid with seamless synchronisation operation modes","authors":"Ali Salam Al-Khayyat, Waleed Abdulrazzaq Oraibi, Mustafa Jameel Hameed, Alyaa Muhsen Manati","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is crucial to employ power electronics converters for energy transfer in distributed energy resources such as photovoltaics, and wind energy system. Thus, parameters such as voltage, current, active and reactive powers, and frequency referred to the AC side need to be controlled. The local load could be operated either from converter itself or grid, hence the system could be called microgrid. In this paper, the active and reactive powers would be controlled separately when the inverter is connected to the grid. While in the islanded or autonomous mode, the proposed control would support the voltage and frequency. The proposed controller would be designed and function as the synchronous machine's voltage regulator and governor. The virtual synchronous machine is adopted to obtain the inertia and the concept is that the frequency of the grid is linked to the virtual frequency or so called the virtual speed of the rotor. The virtual frequency is obtained directly from the DC bus voltage of the inverter and this is achieved by allowing the DC link capacitor voltage to swing boarder than the grid frequency by making the capacitor voltage imitating frequency of grid. Where the frequency of grid is associated to the virtual frequency which is derived directly from DC capacitor voltage, thus, large level of inertia is extracted. The basic formulation, supervisory control, extraction the inertia from DC capacitor voltage, coordination transition, and evaluation the stability is presented in this paper. The mimic operation of the inverter as Synchronous Machine SM can make the distributed energy resources to be operated in either grid <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></math></span> connected or islanded modes without the need to adopt control structure for the required mode. In addition, it provides robust performance in comparison with the traditional current, voltage and frequency control approaches. Moreover, the controller would be implemented for inverter having any type of filters and it is resilient to any variations in the filter and grid parameters. Furthermore, there is no concerning regarding instability problems, where it achieves the synchronisation smoothly and swiftly, and it is appropriate for implemented digitally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100025
Tuan Guo, Yifei Yu, Emanuele Rizzuto
{"title":"Special issue on advanced measurements of batteries, fuel cells and other energy storage devices","authors":"Tuan Guo, Yifei Yu, Emanuele Rizzuto","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work a cost effective and ecofriendly green method for the preparation of NiO nanostructures employing Senna occidentalis (S. occidentalis) leaves extract has been reported. XRD studies show that the 400 °C and 500 °C annealed nanostructures were authenticated as pure face centered cubic phase with an average crystallite size are about 27 nm and 15 nm, respectively. The SEM results show that both the annealed samples were nearly spherical with grain sizes ranging between 65 and 74 nm. The band gap of 400 °C and 500 °C annealed NiO nanoparticles (NPs) was estimated to be 5.28 eV and 5.40 eV, respectively from UV–visible studies while the occurrence of Ni-O stretching in the FTIR spectra validates the formation of NiO. Further this work witnesses that the NiO NPs synthesized from the green route offer better antibacterial activity. The observed maximum zone of inhibition of 500 °C annealed NiO NPs was found to be 20 mm and 19 mm for Serratia marcescens and Bacillus cereus strains and indicates that this material can serve as a prospective drug for biomedical application.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of NiO nanoparticles using Senna occidentalis leaves extract: Effects of annealing temperature and antibacterial activity","authors":"Monisha Ganesan , Ambrose Rejo Jeice , Prammitha Rajaram","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work a cost effective and ecofriendly green method for the preparation of NiO nanostructures employing <em>Senna occidentalis</em> (<em>S. occidentalis</em>) leaves extract has been reported. XRD studies show that the 400 °C and 500 °C annealed nanostructures were authenticated as pure face centered cubic phase with an average crystallite size are about 27 nm and 15 nm, respectively. The SEM results show that both the annealed samples were nearly spherical with grain sizes ranging between 65 and 74 nm. The band gap of 400 °C and 500 °C annealed NiO nanoparticles (NPs) was estimated to be 5.28 eV and 5.40 eV, respectively from UV–visible studies while the occurrence of Ni-O stretching in the FTIR spectra validates the formation of NiO. Further this work witnesses that the NiO NPs synthesized from the green route offer better antibacterial activity. The observed maximum zone of inhibition of 500 °C annealed NiO NPs was found to be 20 mm and 19 mm for <em>Serratia marcescens</em> and <em>Bacillus cereus</em> strains and indicates that this material can serve as a prospective drug for biomedical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100021
Davood Beyralvand , Farzad Banazadeh
Friction and energy waste pose significant challenges in various industrial processes. Lubrication plays a crucial role in reducing friction and optimizing energy consumption. This study focuses on analyzing, simulating and calculation the oil film thickness, friction levels, energy losses, and CO2 emissions. The objective is to optimize lubrication conditions to enhance performance, improve energy consumption, and maximize lubrication efficiency for rolling bearings in a centrifugal fan. The simulation utilizes ANSYS CFX software, MATLAB programming. The optimal oil viscosity grade is determined based on two objectives by using artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC): minimizing energy consumption (thus reducing CO2 emission) and achieving the optimal oil film thickness and viscosity ratio. The findings reveal that, under the current lubrication conditions and normal fan operation, energy losses due to oil friction amount to 36.3 MWh per year, with CO2 emissions resulting from power losses reaching 18,750 kg per year. By transitioning to the optimized oil grade, energy savings of 1.08 MWh per year and a corresponding reduction of 557 kg in CO2 emissions per year can be achieved.
{"title":"An optimization approach for enhancing energy efficiency, reducing CO2 emission, and improving lubrication reliability in roller bearings using ABC algorithm","authors":"Davood Beyralvand , Farzad Banazadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Friction and energy waste pose significant challenges in various industrial processes. Lubrication plays a crucial role in reducing friction and optimizing energy consumption. This study focuses on analyzing, simulating and calculation the oil film thickness, friction levels, energy losses, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The objective is to optimize lubrication conditions to enhance performance, improve energy consumption, and maximize lubrication efficiency for rolling bearings in a centrifugal fan. The simulation utilizes ANSYS CFX software, MATLAB programming. The optimal oil viscosity grade is determined based on two objectives by using artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC): minimizing energy consumption (thus reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emission) and achieving the optimal oil film thickness and viscosity ratio. The findings reveal that, under the current lubrication conditions and normal fan operation, energy losses due to oil friction amount to 36.3 MWh per year, with CO<sub>2</sub> emissions resulting from power losses reaching 18,750 kg per year. By transitioning to the optimized oil grade, energy savings of 1.08 MWh per year and a corresponding reduction of 557 kg in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per year can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100022
Nida Khanam, Mohd Rihan , Salman Hameed
The integration of distributed generation (DG) and phasor measuring units (PMUs) has significantly impacted electrical distribution networks. This study focuses on real-time control of renewable energy intermittency and strategic PMU deployment. By optimizing the placement of PMUs and DGs, the study aims to achieve several goals: maximize power loss reduction, increase DG penetration, and maintain acceptable voltage profiles. The recommended PMU-based approach incorporates the optimal number of DGs into the distribution network for load flow analysis. Testing this technique on 12-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus networks yielded substantial gains. For example, power loss was 81.044 % lower in the 33-bus system and 79.256 % lower in the 69-bus test system compared to the base-case scenario. We also compared these results with other methods found in the literature. The developed algorithm is recommended for application in a real electrical power distribution network for more efficient integration of PMUs and new distributed generation units. Integrating PMUs with DG benefits active distribution network management, enabling proactive grid management and stability.
{"title":"PMU-based voltage estimation and distributed generation effects in active distribution networks","authors":"Nida Khanam, Mohd Rihan , Salman Hameed","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of distributed generation (DG) and phasor measuring units (PMUs) has significantly impacted electrical distribution networks. This study focuses on real-time control of renewable energy intermittency and strategic PMU deployment. By optimizing the placement of PMUs and DGs, the study aims to achieve several goals: maximize power loss reduction, increase DG penetration, and maintain acceptable voltage profiles. The recommended PMU-based approach incorporates the optimal number of DGs into the distribution network for load flow analysis. Testing this technique on 12-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus networks yielded substantial gains. For example, power loss was 81.044 % lower in the 33-bus system and 79.256 % lower in the 69-bus test system compared to the base-case scenario. We also compared these results with other methods found in the literature. The developed algorithm is recommended for application in a real electrical power distribution network for more efficient integration of PMUs and new distributed generation units. Integrating PMUs with DG benefits active distribution network management, enabling proactive grid management and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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