Measurement: Energy最新文献_第2页

Optimal VAr management of a large power network using most efficient method of weak node detection 基于最有效的弱节点检测方法的大型电网无功管理

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100077

Biplab Bhattacharyya, Suraj Kumar Rajbhar

A robust method for weak node detection for optimal VAr allocation has been proposed in this research. Modal or eigenvalue analysis, loss-sensitivity analysis, power flow analysis, L-index, and fast voltage stability index methods were employed to identify weak nodes in medium and large power networks using IEEE 57 and IEEE 118 bus systems. After identifying the locations for shunt VAr allocation, several standard optimization techniques i.e. Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization, Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization, Big Bang-Big Crunch, Krill Herd Algorithm, and Sine-Cosine Algorithm were then applied for optimal reactive power planning. These methods were aimed to coordinate VAr injections by shunt capacitors at weak nodes with existing VAr sources such as generators and On-Load Tap Changers. A comprehensive study of various standard detection techniques and their usefulness in power system planning is presented by the authors. Finally, authors deduced LSI (Line Stability Index) method of weak node detection was the most accurate method for weak node detection. Carrying out the proposed methodology, the total active power loss with GA & DE was found as 0.2348 p.u. & 0.2351 p.u. respectively for IEEE 57 bus test network and total operating cost was found as $1.2344 × 10⁷ for GA & $1.2357 × 10⁷ for DE. Similarly, for the IEEE 118-bus test network, the active power loss reported under GA and DE was 1.3295 p.u. each, with corresponding operating costs of $6.9885 × 10⁷ and $6.9880 × 10⁷, respectively. This research offers a comprehensive framework for reducing operating cost and active power loss in reactive power planning.

本文提出了一种鲁棒的弱节点检测方法，用于VAr最优分配。采用模态或特征值分析、损耗敏感性分析、潮流分析、l指数和快速电压稳定指数等方法，对采用ieee57和ieee118母线系统的大中型电网中的薄弱节点进行了识别。在确定并联无功功分配位置后，应用遗传算法、差分进化算法、粒子群算法、基于教学-学习的优化算法、大爆炸-大压缩算法、磷虾群算法和正弦-余弦算法等标准优化技术进行无功规划优化。这些方法旨在通过在弱节点的并联电容器与现有的无功源（如发电机和有载分接开关）协调无功注入。作者对各种标准检测技术及其在电力系统规划中的应用进行了全面研究。最后，推导出基于线路稳定指数的弱节点检测方法是最准确的弱节点检测方法。采用所提出的方法，IEEE 57总线测试网络在GA和DE下的总有功功率损耗分别为0.2348 p.u.和0.2351 p.u.，总运行成本为1.2344 × 107美元；对于IEEE 118总线测试网络，在GA和DE下报告的有功功率损耗分别为1.3295 p.u.，相应的运行成本分别为6.9885 × 107美元和6.9880 × 107美元。该研究为降低无功规划中的运行成本和有功损耗提供了一个全面的框架。

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引用次数: 0

New insights into iron fuel combustion: integrated in-situ and ex-situ diagnostics of ignition delay, melting–oxidation, disruptive phenomena and nanoparticle sizing 铁燃料燃烧的新见解：点火延迟，熔化氧化，破坏现象和纳米颗粒尺寸的集成原位和非原位诊断

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100073

Zakaria Mansouri

Iron powders are attracting growing interest as recyclable energy carriers, offering high-temperature heat release during combustion and the potential for a carbon-free, closed energy cycle. However, key aspects remain insufficiently characterised, including single-particle combustion times over broad size ranges and the formation, size and concentration of nanoparticles during combustion. This study provides the first experimental investigation of irregular iron particles up to 250 μm in size. Combustion experiments were conducted using a controlled gas-supply, a tri-concentric tube burner with a motorised powder injector, and a quartz drop tube leading to a stainless-steel chamber for by-product collection and gas sampling. In-situ diagnostics employed a high-speed camera and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) module, while nanoparticle sizing used an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). Ex-situ characterisation was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PMT data combined with particle-size analysis yielded new correlations for ignition delay and liquid-phase oxidation times. Ignition delay follows a second-order polynomial relationship, in contrast to the power-law behaviour reported for spherical particles, while liquid-phase oxidation shows simultaneous melting and oxidation and may be more accurately termed the melting-oxidation phase. Particle growth rates during this phase indicated oxidation rates of approximately 10–20 μm/ms. At later stages, oxide-shell rupture led to the ejection of molten nanoparticles, producing a bright secondary oxidation phase beyond the particle surface. SEM micrographs revealed a variety of disruptive events, including inter-particle collisions, impacts with the surrounding quartz tube, partial oxidation, micro-explosions and the development of surface cavities. Real-time APS measurements of exhaust emissions further demonstrated a unimodal nanoparticle distribution with a peak at 583 nm and evidence suggesting the presence of sub-500 nm particles.

铁粉作为一种可回收的能量载体，在燃烧过程中提供高温热量释放，并有可能实现无碳、封闭的能量循环，正引起人们越来越多的兴趣。然而，关键方面的特征仍然不够充分，包括单颗粒在大尺寸范围内的燃烧时间以及燃烧过程中纳米颗粒的形成、大小和浓度。该研究首次对粒径达250 μm的不规则铁颗粒进行了实验研究。燃烧实验采用受控供气、带电动粉末喷射器的三同心管燃烧器，以及通向用于收集副产物和气体取样的不锈钢室的石英滴管进行。现场诊断采用了高速摄像机和光电倍增管（PMT）模块，而纳米颗粒分级则采用了气动粒度仪（APS）。通过扫描电镜（SEM）进行了非原位表征。PMT数据结合颗粒大小分析得出了点火延迟和液相氧化时间的新相关性。与球形颗粒的幂律行为相反，点火延迟遵循二阶多项式关系，而液相氧化显示同时熔化和氧化，可能更准确地称为熔化-氧化阶段。该阶段的颗粒生长速率表明氧化速率约为10-20 μm/ms。在后期阶段，氧化壳破裂导致熔融纳米颗粒喷射，在颗粒表面之外产生明亮的二次氧化相。SEM显微图显示了多种破坏事件，包括粒子间碰撞、与周围石英管的撞击、部分氧化、微爆炸和表面空腔的发展。废气排放的实时APS测量进一步证明了单峰纳米颗粒分布，峰值位于583纳米处，证据表明存在低于500纳米的颗粒。

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引用次数: 0

Passive cooling of Photovoltaic panels using radiative paints and metal foam fins: A critical review of mechanisms, materials, and performance metrics 使用辐射涂料和金属泡沫翅片的光伏板被动冷却：对机制、材料和性能指标的重要回顾

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100076

Kehinde Temitope Alao , Kamaruzzaman Sopian , Syed Ihtsham Ul Haq Gilani , Jing Ee Yit , Shuib Husin , Taiwo Onaopemipo Alao , Zeshan Aslam , Hussein A. Kazem

The performance and lifespan of solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels can be drastically improved by minimizing thermal buildup, which can constrain performance. This review critically compares two trending passive cooling technologies, such as radiative paints and metal foam fins, across their mechanisms, materials, and performance metrics. Radiative paints that enable solar radiation reflection and thermal emission, and metal foam fins that increase heat dissipation by providing increased surface area, are investigated separately and in combination. We discuss the contributions of these techniques to reduced operational temperatures, improved energy yield, and enhanced PV panel longevity. The review integrates discussion of the materials used in these technologies, the difficulties in their implementation, and the need for standard test procedures. We also cover multidimensional performance tests, including thermal conductivity, cooling performance, and environmental footprint. The review also provides current research gaps and recommends future research and development directions in hybrid cooling systems, the incorporation of new materials, and large-scale experimental verification. The synthesis offers a comprehensive review of the prospects of passive cooling technologies for optimizing PV systems, with implications for both academic research and real-world applications in the solar industry.

太阳能光伏（PV）板的性能和寿命可以通过最大限度地减少限制性能的热积聚来大大提高。这篇综述比较了两种趋势的被动冷却技术，如辐射涂料和金属泡沫翅片，它们的机制、材料和性能指标。能够进行太阳辐射反射和热发射的辐射涂料，以及通过提供更大的表面积来增加散热的金属泡沫翅片，分别和组合进行了研究。我们讨论了这些技术在降低操作温度、提高能量产量和延长光伏面板寿命方面的贡献。这篇综述整合了对这些技术中使用的材料的讨论，它们实现中的困难，以及对标准测试程序的需求。我们还介绍了多维性能测试，包括导热性、冷却性能和环境足迹。综述还提供了当前的研究差距，并建议了混合冷却系统，新材料的结合和大规模实验验证的未来研究和发展方向。综合提供了优化PV系统的被动冷却技术的前景的全面回顾，对学术研究和太阳能行业的实际应用都有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Pressure measurement during thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries: Comparison of piezoelectric and piezoresistive pressure sensors 锂离子电池热失控过程中的压力测量：压电式和压阻式压力传感器的比较

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100075

Freyja Galina Daragan , Mohsen Shekoohian , Stefan Essmann , Tim Krause , Ricardo Rodrigo

Although lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit excellent energy storage characteristics, they harbor a potential risk due to their ability to undergo thermal runaway (TR). TR is accompanied by a rise in pressure and temperature, as well as possible secondary effects (e.g. explosions). A common mitigation strategy is to house LIBs in enclosures with a high pressure resistance (e.g. flameproof enclosures). The maximum pressure that occurs is therefore an important design criterion for such enclosures. Both piezoelectric (PE) and piezoresistive (PR) sensors can be used to measure the pressure. However, it is currently unclear whether one of the two sensor types is better suited for this specific measurement task. For comparative analysis, TR experiments using a LIB (3 Ah capacity, NMC-811chemistry) are carried out in a flameproof enclosure using overheating as the failure mode. In addition to various temperature readings the pressure is recorded using both sensor types. Due to the high temperature load caused by the hot vent gases of the LIB during TR and the affinity of the PE sensors to so-called thermal shock, the measured pressure values are smaller than those measured by the PR sensors. By using PE sensors without a thermal protective layer (RTV) on the sensor membrane, the temperature can be identified as the decisive factor for the deviation. PR sensors should therefore be used for correct pressure measurement during the TR of a LIB. This study thus provides a direct performance comparison of PE and PR oil-filled sensors under thermal runaway and thermal shock conditions, recommending PR sensors as the more reliable choice for pressure assessment in lithium-ion battery safety applications. The study presents a methodologically sound evaluation framework by first validating the measurement system via controlled gas explosions, followed by testing TR under various gas atmospheres to enable a comprehensive comparison of sensor performance under realistic conditions. The vibration of the enclosure and the sensor design are also identified and discussed as disturbance variables of the pressure curve.

尽管锂离子电池（lib）具有出色的储能特性，但由于其热失控（TR）的能力，它们存在潜在的风险。TR伴随着压力和温度的升高，以及可能的二次效应（例如爆炸）。一种常见的缓解策略是将lib安置在具有高耐压性的外壳中（例如隔爆外壳）。因此，发生的最大压力是此类外壳的重要设计标准。压电式（PE）和压阻式（PR）传感器均可用于测量压力。然而，目前尚不清楚这两种传感器类型中是否有一种更适合这种特定的测量任务。为了进行对比分析，我们在一个隔爆外壳中以过热为失效模式，使用LIB （3 Ah容量，NMC-811chemistry）进行了TR实验。除了各种温度读数外，还使用两种类型的传感器记录压力。由于在TR过程中LIB的热排气引起的高温负荷以及PE传感器对所谓的热冲击的亲和力，测量的压力值小于PR传感器的测量值。通过使用在传感器膜上没有热保护层（RTV）的PE传感器，可以确定温度是导致偏差的决定性因素。因此，在LIB的TR期间，PR传感器应用于正确的压力测量。因此，该研究提供了PE和PR充油传感器在热失控和热冲击条件下的直接性能比较，推荐PR传感器作为锂离子电池安全应用中更可靠的压力评估选择。该研究提出了一个方法上合理的评估框架，首先通过控制气体爆炸验证测量系统，然后在各种气体气氛下测试TR，以便在现实条件下对传感器性能进行全面比较。同时，对压力曲线的扰动变量——箱体振动和传感器设计进行了识别和讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing sustainable briquette production by utilizing local feedstock 通过利用当地原料优化可持续型煤生产

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100074

Kiman Silas , Naeemah A. Ibrahim , Umar Abdullahi Isah , Habiba D. Mohammed , Jerome Undiandeye , Aliyu B. Ngulde , Gutti Babagana

The study aimed to optimize the composition and evaluate the performance of briquettes produced from leaves biomass, Arabic gum, and clay for sustainable and eco-friendly energy applications. This study aims to address the challenge of developing sustainable, high-energy-density briquettes from locally available materials to provide an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fuels for energy production. The briquettes were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proximate and ultimate analyses, water boiling test (WBT), and shatter index (SI) tests. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the briquette production process by evaluating the effects of binder, biomass and clay. The SEM revealed heterogeneous microstructures with clay contributing to mechanical strength, biomass enhancing porosity, and Arabic gum providing cohesion. TGA showed thermal decomposition stages: drying (100–300 °C), devolatilization (300–420 °C), and char combustion (420–830 °C), with ignition, maximum, and burnout temperatures at 300 °C, 385 °C, and 420 °C, respectively. Proximate analysis reported moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents as 4.67 %, 35.92 %, 45.33 %, and 40.96 %, respectively, while ultimate analysis revealed high carbon (53.32 %) and low sulfur (0.06 %). WBT efficiency ranged from 36 % to 72 %, with ΔT varying from 26 °C to 56 °C. SI ranged from 20 to 166.6, influenced by binder and clay ratios. Optimal briquettes achieved 56 min burning time and 1.8 min ignition time. The study demonstrates the potential of briquette for producing efficient, durable, and sustainable solid fuel for low to medium energy demand applications.

该研究旨在优化由树叶生物质、阿拉伯胶和粘土制成的型煤的组成和性能，以实现可持续和环保能源的应用。这项研究旨在解决从当地可用材料中开发可持续的高能量密度型煤的挑战，为能源生产提供传统燃料的环保替代品。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析（TGA）、近似分析和极限分析、沸水测试（WBT）和破碎指数（SI）测试对成型煤进行了分析。采用响应面法（RSM）对粘结剂、生物质和粘土的影响进行了优化。扫描电镜显示了不均匀的微观结构，粘土提高机械强度，生物量提高孔隙率，阿拉伯胶提供凝聚力。热重分析表明，热解阶段为干燥（100-300℃）、脱挥发（300 - 420℃）和炭燃烧（420 - 830℃），其着火温度为300℃，最高温度为385℃，燃尽温度为420℃。水分、灰分、挥发物和固定碳含量分别为4.67%、35.92%、45.33%和40.96%，而最终分析显示高碳（53.32%）和低硫（0.06%）。WBT效率范围从36%到72%，ΔT温度范围从26°C到56°C。受黏合剂和粘土配比的影响，SI值在20 ~ 166.6之间。最佳型煤的燃烧时间为56分钟，点火时间为1.8分钟。该研究表明，型煤具有生产高效、耐用和可持续的固体燃料的潜力，可用于低至中等能源需求的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation modelling and thin layer drying kinetics of untreated pineapple using modified hybrid solar dryer with thermal storage 未经处理菠萝薄层干燥动力学及改良太阳能储热混合式干燥机的模拟建模

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100070

E. Veeramanipriya , P. Manikandan , V.M. Senthilkumar

Energy utilization is an important indication of economic growth and has been directly related to energy consumption. In tropical countries like India, post-harvest losses on fresh perishable fruits are significant, resulting in recurring seasonal shortages. As a result, a modified evacuated tube collector (ETC) based hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) passive-mode solar dryer equipped with sensible thermal storage material shortly called Modified Hybrid Solar Dryer (MHSD), is developed as a potential low-cost technology alternative for drying fruits in Southern region of India. This research compares the drying performance of MHSD and forced convection solar dryer (FCSD) dryers to that of the standard open sun drying (OSD) technique. Compared to the OSD technique, the economic performance of the MHSD and FCSD dryers is examined. The initial moisture content of pineapple slices is determined to be 91 % (wb). The safe moisture content is achieved in 8 h utilizing MHSD coupled with sensible heat storage material (SHSM), while FCSD and sun drying required 19 and 32 h, respectively. The introduction of SHSM improves the drying potential, resulting in a significant reduction in drying time. According to the statistical analysis of the data, the Midilli et al. model is determined to be the best fit to represent the drying kinetics of untreated pineapple slices in a modified hybrid solar dryer with SHSM, FCSD, and open sun drying. The experiment is conducted on three different drying techniques. The MHSD dryer utilises freely-available solar energy to dry the fruit crops. In contrast, the Forced Convection Solar Dryer (FCSD) uses both solar photovoltaic and electricity sources. The results showed that solar-dried pineapple in MHSD with SHSM is more effectively preserved without losing size, shape, colour, appearance, texture, flavour, and quality than solar-dried pineapple in FCSD or sun-dried pineapple pulp. The economic study of an ETC-based hybrid PVT passive-mode solar dryer with SHSM yields a payback period of two years, which is extremely short given the 25-year lifespan.

能源利用是经济增长的重要指标，与能源消费直接相关。在印度等热带国家，新鲜易腐水果的收获后损失很大，导致季节性短缺反复出现。因此，一种改进的真空管集热器（ETC）为基础的混合光伏热（PVT）被动式太阳能干燥器配备了显热储存材料，简称为改进的混合太阳能干燥器（MHSD），被开发为印度南部地区干燥水果的潜在低成本技术替代方案。本研究将MHSD和强制对流太阳干燥器（FCSD）干燥器的干燥性能与标准的开放式太阳干燥（OSD）技术进行了比较。对比OSD技术，考察了MHSD和FCSD干燥器的经济性能。确定菠萝片的初始含水量为91% （wb）。利用MHSD和显热储材料（SHSM）在8 h内达到安全含水率，而FCSD和晒干分别需要19和32 h。SHSM的引入提高了干燥潜力，从而显著缩短了干燥时间。通过对数据的统计分析，确定Midilli等人的模型最适合代表未经处理的菠萝片在SHSM、FCSD和开放式太阳干燥的改良混合太阳能干燥器中的干燥动力学。试验采用了三种不同的干燥工艺。MHSD干燥机利用免费的太阳能来干燥水果作物。相比之下，强制对流太阳能干燥机（FCSD）同时使用太阳能光伏和电力来源。结果表明，与FCSD或晒干菠萝果肉相比，在不损失大小、形状、颜色、外观、质地、风味和品质的情况下，添加SHSM的MHSD晒干菠萝更有效地保存了菠萝干。基于etc的混合PVT被动式太阳能干燥机与SHSM的经济研究产生了两年的投资回收期，考虑到25年的使用寿命，这是非常短的。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of modified Lee-Charlton's disc apparatus technique for determination of thermal conductivity of heat-insulating panels with large thickness 改进李-查尔顿圆盘仪技术测定大厚度隔热板导热系数的有效性

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100072

Ubong Williams Robert , Sunday Edet Etuk , Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi , Sylvester Andrew Ekong , David Adeniran Oyegoke , Grace Peter Umoren

This research was designed to examine the feasibility of using the Modified Lee-Charlton's Disc (MLD) apparatus technique to obtain accurate, valid, and reliable thermal conductivities for heat-insulating panels that have large thicknesses, specifically up to 25.0 mm. Test samples were prepared from cement mortar, gypsum plasterboard, medium-density fiberboard, wood dust reinforced composite board, plywood, and expanded polystyrene sheet and then coded as CTM, GPB, MDF, WEC, PLW, and EPS respectively. A Heat flow meter (HFM) was employed as the gold standard technique, and the EPS samples were used as standard reference materials for validation and uncertainty assessments of the MLD method. In addition to graphical analysis, the results were examined statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at

p <

0.05 and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC). It was found that the results rendered by the MLD method compared well with those obtained using the HFM method, yielding ANOVA of 0.00002 and PPMCC of 0.99999. The validation tests showed deviations ranging from 0.089 % to 0.178 % with respect to the results obtained by the HFM method and 0.030 %–0.059 % when compared with the thermal conductivity declared in the literature for the EPS. The uncertainty in the measurements made by the MLD method was better than 1.5 %. All these showed that the MLD apparatus technique is effective in producing accurate and reliable thermal conductivity results for assorted kinds of thermal insulation panels with thicknesses as large as up to 25.0 mm.

本研究旨在检验使用改良Lee-Charlton's Disc （MLD）仪器技术获得大厚度隔热板（特别是25.0 mm以下）准确、有效和可靠的导热系数的可行性。用水泥砂浆、石膏石膏板、中密度纤维板、木屑增强复合板、胶合板、膨胀聚苯乙烯板配制试样，分别编码为CTM、GPB、MDF、WEC、PLW、EPS。采用热流计（HFM）作为金标准技术，EPS样品作为标准对照品，对MLD方法进行验证和不确定度评定。除图形分析外，还使用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）在p<； 0.05和Pearson积差相关系数（PPMCC）进行统计检验。结果表明，MLD法与HFM法得到的结果比较好，方差分析为0.00002，PPMCC为0.99999。验证试验表明，与HFM方法得到的结果偏差范围为0.089% ~ 0.178%，与文献中声明的EPS导热系数偏差范围为0.030% ~ 0.059%。用MLD法测定的不确定度优于1.5%。这些结果表明，MLD仪器技术可以有效地为厚度可达25.0 mm的各类绝热板提供准确可靠的导热系数结果。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of load forecasting using different models 使用不同模型的负荷预测评估

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100071

Saroj Kumar Panda , Bishwajit Dey

This paper addresses a new prediction of load technique that joins the adaptability of RNNs with the capabilities of temporal modelling of Kolmogorov–Arnold Recurrent with good accuracy, because in energy management, load forecasting is essential since it has a direct effect on grid stability, operational effectiveness, cost containment, and environmental sustainability. While advanced Networks of Recurrent Neural (RNNs) like Networks of Long Short (LSTMs) have confirmed important progress in this area, conventional Vanilla RNNs struggle with problems like vanishing and exploding gradients. However, these models are also applicable for the prediction of the load in a power plant. The Network of Kolmogorov–Arnold Recurrent (KARN), a novel forecasting of load technique that joins the adaptability of RNNs with the capabilities of temporal modeling of Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks, is proposed in this research to address these issues. KARN is versatile across a wide range of customer forms by better non-linear modeling of correlations in data of load through the use of the functions of learnable temporal spline and the edge-based activations. The datasets of real-world, such as the Xingtai power plant, are used to thoroughly test the suggested KARN model. KARN continuously outperformed conventional Vanilla RNNs in all of these customer categories, and in six buildings, it outperformed Networks of Long Short and Units of Gated Recurrent (GRUs). According to the outputs, the model of KARN is a viable instrument for improving load forecasting in a variety of energy management scenarios because of its exceptional accuracy and adaptability.

本文提出了一种新的负荷预测技术，该技术将rnn的适应性与Kolmogorov-Arnold递归的时间建模能力结合起来，具有良好的准确性，因为在能源管理中，负荷预测是必不可少的，因为它对电网稳定性、运行有效性、成本控制和环境可持续性有直接影响。虽然先进的循环神经网络（RNNs），如长短网络（LSTMs），已经在这一领域取得了重要的进展，但传统的香草RNNs仍在努力解决梯度消失和爆炸等问题。然而，这些模型也适用于电厂负荷的预测。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种新的负荷预测技术——Kolmogorov-Arnold递归网络（Network of Kolmogorov-Arnold Recurrent， KARN），它将rnn的自适应性与Kolmogorov-Arnold网络的时间建模能力结合起来。KARN通过使用可学习的时间样条函数和基于边缘的激活函数，对负载数据中的相关性进行更好的非线性建模，从而在广泛的客户形式中具有通用性。以邢台电厂为例，对所提出的KARN模型进行了全面的验证。KARN在所有这些客户类别中持续优于传统的Vanilla rnn，并且在六个建筑物中，它优于长空网络和门控循环单元（gru）。结果表明，KARN模型具有良好的准确性和适应性，是改善各种能源管理情景下负荷预测的可行工具。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature measurement uncertainty quantification in condition monitoring of critical infrastructure using complex timeseries dependency modeling 基于复杂时间序列依赖模型的关键基础设施状态监测温度测量不确定度量化

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100068

Jennifer Blair , Ting Liu , Thomas Storey , Timothy Wong , Stephen McArthur , Blair Brown , Ernest Lu , Alistair Forbes , Bruce Stephen

Maintenance interventions are required to keep power generation component temperatures within prescribed guidelines but come with the consequence of lost generation days. Understanding temperature increases caused by asset aging processes is critical to maintain safe operation but avoid needless maintenance. This is particularly important when power plants are approaching the end of their planned operational lifetime and may not operate as efficiently, eroding generation revenue margins. Temperature measurements, in many cases the earliest indicators of performance degradation, can be subject to a variety of uncertainty and noise stemming from plant configuration, sensor calibration changes and the general variability of component aging processes. The capability to provide confidence bounds on the predicted temperatures in the presence of measurement noise can permit maintenance decisions to be made with sufficient certainty on lead time to select the best course of maintenance action, given operational or financial constraints. This paper presents an approach for identifying the rate at which mechanical component temperatures can increase over a given operational horizon and presents a predictive distribution of the predictive error that may result from that estimate. A framework utilizing the dependency structure between propagated measurement and modeling uncertainty is developed through investigating a series of increasingly detailed Copula-based approaches applied to the residuals from data-based predictive models. The contribution is demonstrated on operational power generation data as well as stylized exemplar data.

为了使发电部件的温度保持在规定的指导范围内，需要进行维护干预，但随之而来的后果是损失了发电天数。了解由资产老化过程引起的温度升高对于维护安全运行至关重要，同时避免不必要的维护。当发电厂接近其计划运行寿命的终点时，这一点尤其重要，因为发电厂的运行效率可能会下降，从而侵蚀发电利润。在许多情况下，温度测量是性能退化的最早指标，它可能受到各种不确定性和噪声的影响，这些不确定性和噪声来自工厂配置、传感器校准变化和部件老化过程的一般可变性。在存在测量噪声的情况下，对预测温度提供置信范围的能力，可以在考虑运营或财务限制的情况下，在提前期做出足够确定的维护决策，从而选择最佳的维护行动方案。本文提出了一种确定机械部件温度在给定操作范围内可能增加的速率的方法，并提出了该估计可能导致的预测误差的预测分布。通过研究一系列应用于基于数据的预测模型残差的越来越详细的基于copula的方法，开发了一个利用传播测量和建模不确定性之间依赖结构的框架。在运行发电数据和程式化范例数据上证明了这一贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Methods for detecting and quantifying hydrogen emissions over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales: a state-of-the-art review 在大范围的时间和空间尺度上检测和量化氢排放的方法：最新的回顾

Measurement: Energy

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100069

Andy Connor , Haydn Barros , Rod Robinson , Alessandro Guzzini , Marco Pellegrini , Cesare Saccani , Jadwiga Holewa-Rataj , Tomasz Kuchta , Henning Wigger , Thomas Vogt , Violeta Bescos Roy , Victoria Krohl

Hydrogen (H₂) is currently used in several industrial sectors. However, due to its potential contribution to climate neutrality, the H₂ market is expected to expand to other sectors in the near future. H₂ emissions pose a concern due to their potential influence on methane's atmospheric lifetime, therefore acting as an indirect greenhouse gas. Therefore, minimising H₂ emissions would reduce any environmental impact and enhance safety and efficiency of the H₂ value chain. Adopting measures to mitigate H₂ emissions requires data that can be trusted and are truly representative of the emissions being monitored. Such data require validated methods based on robust metrological principles. Standard methods are needed to detect and quantify emissions over a wide range of mass or volumetric ranges, spatial and temporal scales, and emission source types across the H₂ value chain. In addition, many instruments and associated techniques are available on the (and near to) market for detecting H₂ leaks or measuring its concentration, but their suitability depends on how the instrument is deployed and its technological performance. To date, no publication reviewing these aspects is available in the literature. To cover this gap, the present paper will provide a foundation for the future development of H₂ monitoring methods. The essential constituents of a method will be defined, an overview of different monitoring techniques provided, followed by a discussion on future method development. Examples of such monitoring techniques covered are sniffers, acoustic imaging and tracer correlation. It should be feasible to develop methods to monitor emissions at component level in the near future, while further technical development is required for methods that cover larger spatial scales.

氢（H2）目前用于几个工业部门。然而，由于其对气候中和的潜在贡献，预计氢气市场将在不久的将来扩展到其他行业。H2排放对甲烷的大气寿命有潜在影响，因此是一种间接温室气体，因此引起了人们的关注。因此，减少氢气排放将减少对环境的影响，并提高氢气价值链的安全性和效率。采取措施减少氢气排放需要可信的数据，并真正代表正在监测的排放。这些数据需要基于可靠的计量原理的验证方法。需要标准的方法来检测和量化整个氢气价值链中大范围的质量或体积范围、空间和时间尺度以及排放源类型的排放。此外，市场上（或接近）有许多仪器和相关技术可用于检测H2泄漏或测量其浓度，但它们的适用性取决于仪器的部署方式及其技术性能。到目前为止，文献中还没有评论这些方面的出版物。为了弥补这一空白，本文将为未来氢气监测方法的发展提供基础。将定义方法的基本组成部分，提供不同监测技术的概述，然后讨论未来的方法开发。这类监测技术包括嗅探器、声学成像和示踪剂相关。在不久的将来，制订监测各组成部分排放的方法应该是可行的，而覆盖更大空间尺度的方法则需要进一步的技术发展。

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引用次数: 0