Nano TransMed最新文献_第3页

Nanocarrier-based insulin delivery: A leap towards a needle-free future 基于纳米载体的胰岛素递送：迈向无针未来的飞跃

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100093

Saranya Balasubramaniyam, Thirumalaikumaran Rathinam, Mohanakrishnan Srinivasan, Sowmiya Jayarani

The burden of diabetes mellitus continues to escalate globally, demanding innovative and patient-centric therapeutic alternatives to conventional insulin injections. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems offer transformative potential in diabetes management by enabling needle-free, targeted, and sustained insulin administration. This review not only explores the cutting-edge landscape of nanocarriers—liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, and nanoemulsions—but also uniquely integrates clinical trial outcomes, molecular mechanisms, and novel applications such as CRISPR-based gene therapy and dietary extracellular vesicles (ELVs). These platforms shield insulin from enzymatic breakdown, enable oral or transdermal delivery, and provide controlled release to simulate physiological insulin profiles. Future uses encompass gene-loaded nanocarriers for regenerating pancreatic beta cells and intelligent nanocarriers integrated with biosensors for real-time glucose-responsive insulin release. This union opens the way for self-directed diabetes management with minimal patient interaction. Albeit promising, problems like potential toxicity, financial impediments, and regulatory issues have to be solved through collaborative efforts involving interdisciplinary inputs. Notably, the coupling of nanocarrier technology with wearable technology and personalized medicine techniques signals a shift in diabetes care paradigms. With maturity in research, these smart systems might not only obviate the need for syringe dependence but also redefine treatment by merging bioengineering, diagnostics, and regenerative strategies. Nanomedicine's role is poised to shift diabetes care from symptom management to functional cure, with global implications for improving patient quality of life.

糖尿病的负担在全球范围内持续升级，需要创新和以患者为中心的治疗替代传统胰岛素注射。基于纳米载体的给药系统通过实现无针、靶向和持续的胰岛素给药，为糖尿病管理提供了革命性的潜力。这篇综述不仅探讨了纳米载体的前沿领域——脂质体、聚合纳米颗粒、树状大分子、胶束和纳米乳液，而且还独特地整合了临床试验结果、分子机制和新的应用，如基于crispr的基因治疗和饮食细胞外囊泡（ELVs）。这些平台保护胰岛素免受酶分解，使口服或透皮给药，并提供控制释放来模拟生理胰岛素谱。未来的用途包括用于再生胰腺细胞的基因负载纳米载体和集成生物传感器的智能纳米载体，用于实时葡萄糖反应性胰岛素释放。这种结合为自我指导的糖尿病管理开辟了道路，患者之间的互动最小。尽管前景光明，但潜在的毒性、财务障碍和监管问题等问题必须通过跨学科投入的合作努力来解决。值得注意的是，纳米载体技术与可穿戴技术和个性化医疗技术的结合标志着糖尿病治疗范式的转变。随着研究的成熟，这些智能系统不仅可以消除对注射器的依赖，还可以通过融合生物工程、诊断和再生策略来重新定义治疗。纳米医学的作用是将糖尿病护理从症状管理转变为功能治疗，对改善患者的生活质量具有全球意义。

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引用次数: 0

Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoplatforms for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: Advances and synergistic strategies 肿瘤微环境响应纳米平台增强癌症免疫治疗：进展和协同策略

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100092

Jie Wu, Xiangdong Xue, Haijing Qu

Despite remarkable advancements in cancer immunotherapy, its clinical efficacy remains constrained by challenges including insufficient tumor accumulation of immunotherapeutics, limited patient response rates, and immune-related adverse events. Tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoplatforms have emerged as a promising strategy to address these limitations, which could respond to endogenous signals in tumor cells to achieve precise targeting, controlled drug release, and reversal of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. Herein, this article systematically reviews TME-responsive design strategies based on intrinsic tumor-specific features, including acidic pH, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reductive conditions, hypoxia, and overexpressed enzymes. Furthermore, we elucidate synergistic mechanisms of TME-responsive nanosystems empowering immunotherapy: i) subcellular organelle-specific delivery, ii) TME remodeling, iii) immunometabolic reprogramming and iv) lymph node drainage regulation. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for clinical translation of these advanced nanomedicine-based immunotherapeutic strategies are discussed, providing insights for the development of next-generation cancer immunotherapies.

尽管癌症免疫治疗取得了显著进展，但其临床疗效仍然受到免疫治疗药物肿瘤积累不足、患者反应率有限以及免疫相关不良事件等挑战的制约。肿瘤微环境（TME）响应纳米平台已经成为解决这些限制的一种有前途的策略，它可以响应肿瘤细胞中的内源性信号，以实现精确靶向，控制药物释放，并逆转肿瘤免疫抑制微环境。在此，本文系统地回顾了基于肿瘤固有特征的tme响应设计策略，包括酸性pH、活性氧（ROS）水平升高、还原条件、缺氧和过表达酶。此外，我们阐明了TME响应纳米系统增强免疫治疗的协同机制：i)亚细胞细胞器特异性递送，ii) TME重塑，iii)免疫代谢重编程和iv)淋巴结引流调节。最后，讨论了这些先进的基于纳米药物的免疫治疗策略的临床转化的当前挑战和未来方向，为下一代癌症免疫治疗的发展提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

In-silico strategies in nano-drug design: Bridging nanomaterials and pharmacological applications 纳米药物设计中的硅策略：桥接纳米材料和药理学应用

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100091

Nagarjuna Prakash Dalbanjan , Karuna Korgaonkar , Manjunath P. Eelager , Basavaraj Neelappa Gonal , Arihant Jayawant Kadapure , Suresh B. Arakera , Praveen Kumar S.K.

Rapid advancements in nanotechnology have transformed drug design and delivery systems, allowing for precise and efficient therapeutic interventions. This review examines the transformative role of in-silico approaches in nano-drug design, focusing on their ability to predict, optimize, and refine nanomaterial properties for pharmacological applications. Key computational tools such as molecular modelling, machine learning, computational fluid dynamics, and bioinformatics are thoroughly investigated, with a focus on their contributions to understanding drug loading, toxicity, targeting strategies, and nano-bio interactions. Furthermore, the incorporation of emerging technologies like digital twins and quantum computing shows the potential to overcome current limitations in accuracy, scalability, and personalization. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, particularly in closing the gap between computational predictions and experimental validations, dealing with data quality issues, and navigating regulatory frameworks. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation in realizing the full potential of in-silico methods for advancing nanotherapeutics. Addressing these challenges positions the field to accelerate the development of safe, effective, and personalized medicines.

纳米技术的快速进步已经改变了药物设计和输送系统，允许进行精确和有效的治疗干预。这篇综述探讨了计算机方法在纳米药物设计中的变革作用，重点是它们预测、优化和改进纳米材料特性以用于药理学应用的能力。关键的计算工具，如分子建模，机器学习，计算流体动力学和生物信息学进行了深入的研究，重点是他们对理解药物负荷，毒性，靶向策略和纳米生物相互作用的贡献。此外，数字孪生和量子计算等新兴技术的结合显示出克服当前在准确性、可扩展性和个性化方面限制的潜力。尽管取得了重大进展，但挑战仍然存在，特别是在缩小计算预测和实验验证之间的差距，处理数据质量问题以及导航监管框架方面。这篇综述强调了跨学科合作和创新的重要性，以实现在推进纳米治疗的硅方法的全部潜力。解决这些挑战使该领域能够加速开发安全、有效和个性化的药物。

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引用次数: 0

“Green” gas-generation strategy to combine cancer phototherapy for remarkably enhanced efficacy “绿色”气体生成策略结合癌症光疗显着提高疗效

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100090

Jiahui Wu , Gege Zhang , Mi Zou , Qiong Huang , Yanling Zhang , Yajie Sui , Shuang Wu , Jianming Yang , Qiaojun Fang , Pingping Liang

Phototherapy, which mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has made considerable progress in the field of cancer treatment by generating reactive oxygen species or hyperthermia under photorespiration to selectively damage cancer cells. However, PDT or PTT monotherapy still needs to overcome the respective limitations for biosafety and efficacy improvement. Gas therapy, especially guided by photoacoustic imaging, is an emerging therapeutic approach that destroys cancer cells by increasing the levels of certain gases at the tumor site, wherein some gas molecules can not only increase the O₂ level by cellular respiration inhibition and nanoparticles accumulation by controlled release but also inhibit HSP expression and hyperthermia-induced inflammation. Hence, combining various gases with phototherapy and hyperthermia-induced photoacoustic imaging to achieve superlatively superimposed therapeutic outcomes has received increasing attention due to its unique biological functions. In this review, gas molecular monotherapy is initially summarized, followed by a comprehensive overview of the latest research advances in gas-assisted phototherapy or photoacoustic imaging, finally exploring the prospects and challenges of gas therapy to fight cancer. Recent research advances are summarized, providing innovative perspectives on the design of cancer phototherapy or photoacoustic imaging combined with gas therapy to further improve the therapeutic outlook.

光疗主要包括光动力疗法（PDT）和光热疗法（PTT），通过在光呼吸下产生活性氧或热疗来选择性损伤癌细胞，在癌症治疗领域取得了长足的进展。然而，PDT或PTT单药治疗在生物安全性和疗效提高方面仍需克服各自的局限性。气体疗法是一种新兴的治疗方法，特别是在光声成像的指导下，通过增加肿瘤部位某些气体的水平来破坏癌细胞，其中一些气体分子不仅可以通过细胞呼吸抑制和纳米颗粒积聚来增加O2水平，还可以抑制热休克蛋白的表达和高温诱导的炎症。因此，将各种气体与光疗和高温诱导的光声成像相结合，以达到最高叠加的治疗效果，因其独特的生物学功能而受到越来越多的关注。本文首先对气体分子单药治疗进行了综述，然后对气体辅助光疗和光声成像的最新研究进展进行了全面综述，最后探讨了气体治疗抗癌的前景和挑战。综述了近年来的研究进展，为癌症光疗或光声成像联合气体治疗的设计提供了创新的视角，以进一步改善治疗前景。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Photothermal/photodynamic antibacterial hydrogel embedded with copper carbon dots and Au nanoparticles” [Nano TransMed 3 (2024) 100034] “嵌入铜碳点和金纳米颗粒的光热/光动力抗菌水凝胶”的勘误表[Nano TransMed 3 (2024) 100034]

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100089

Ju Lv, Yuheng Qiu, Lang Pan, Xinyue Zhang, Mengting Li, Xueqiong Yin

引用次数: 0

Redox-sensitive camptothecin prodrug: A promising drug delivery strategy with ultrahigh drug loading and tunable drug release 氧化还原敏感喜树碱前药：一种具有超高载药量和可调药物释放的有前途的药物递送策略

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100088

Shiwei Fu , Vanessa Puche , Bowen Zhao , Xiao Zhang , Victoria A.A. McKenzie , Sophia Garcia , Fuwu Zhang

Small molecular drugs play a critical role in cancer therapy but face challenges like poor solubility, severe side effects, and inefficient delivery. Polymeric micellar-based drug delivery systems show promise but struggle with low drug loading, instability, and premature drug release partly due to the incompatible physicochemical properties. Here, we report a simple and efficient method to develop redox-sensitive camptothecin (CPT) prodrug by conjugating alkyl chains to CPT via a disulfide linker. By conjugating alkyl chains of varying lengths to CPT via a disulfide linker, we achieved high drug-loading efficiency and loading capacity, controlled responsive drug release, due to enhanced hydrophobic interaction and miscibility with the carrier. The prodrug loaded NPs exhibited slower drug release for more hydrophobic ones with longer alky chains. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against cancer cells confirmed the prodrugs' potency and the critical role of the disulfide bond in maintaining anticancer activity. These findings highlight the importance of tuning prodrug hydrophobicity and GSH sensitivity in drug delivery. This prodrug engineering strategy, which involves conjugating a hydrophobic alkyl chain to modulate the drug's physicochemical properties, offers a straightforward approach for designing and optimizing drug delivery systems for a wide range of therapeutic agents, whether hydrophilic or hydrophobic.

小分子药物在癌症治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用，但也面临着溶解性差、副作用严重、给药效率低等挑战。基于聚合物胶束的药物传递系统显示出前景，但由于其不相容的物理化学性质，其载药量低、不稳定性和药物过早释放等问题一直存在。本文报道了一种简单有效的方法，通过二硫连接将烷基链偶联到喜树碱（CPT）前体药物上。通过二硫连接剂将不同长度的烷基链与CPT结合，我们实现了高的载药效率和载药量，控制了药物的响应释放，这是由于与载体的疏水相互作用和混溶性增强。前药负载的NPs对于具有较长碱基链的疏水分子表现出较慢的药物释放。对癌细胞的体外细胞毒性试验证实了前药的效力和二硫键在维持抗癌活性中的关键作用。这些发现强调了调整药物前疏水性和谷胱甘肽敏感性在药物传递中的重要性。这种药物前工程策略，包括偶联疏水性烷基链来调节药物的物理化学性质，为设计和优化广泛的治疗药物的药物输送系统提供了一种直接的方法，无论是亲水性还是疏水性。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating oxidative stress toxicities of environmental pollutants by antioxidant nanoformulations 抗氧化纳米配方减轻环境污染物的氧化应激毒性

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100087

Hamieh Goshtasbi , Nastaran Hashemzadeh , Marziyeh Fathi , Ali Movafeghi , Jaleh Barar , Yadollah Omidi

Oxidative stress arising from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) imposes a severe threat to living organisms by causing extensive cellular and subcellular damage. Environmental pollutants (e.g., xenoestrogens, pesticides, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) further amplify RONS generation, disrupting mitochondrial function and triggering chronic inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only hinders energy metabolism but also facilitates the release of pro-apoptotic factors (e.g., cytochrome c), ultimately leading to programmed cell death. Consequently, heightened oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment are key contributors to a range of chronic illnesses, including metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. While exogenous antioxidants have shown potential in neutralizing RONS and alleviating oxidative damage, clinical applications are hampered by poor bioavailability, instability, and limited cellular uptake. Antioxidant nanoformulations, particularly those employing biodegradable lipidic and polymeric nanocarriers, offer a promising strategy to address these challenges. Formulated nanoscale delivery systems and bioengineered nanocarriers have been developed for the delivery of antioxidants, which have enhanced antioxidant stability and targeted delivery, and improved therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the latest advances in nanocarrier-based antioxidant therapies, emphasizing their capacity to mitigate toxicities induced by environmental pollutants and oxidative stress, ultimately opening new prospects for disease management and preventive healthcare.

活性氧和活性氮引起的氧化应激通过引起广泛的细胞和亚细胞损伤对生物体造成严重威胁。环境污染物（如异种雌激素、农药、重金属和多环芳烃）进一步放大了RONS的产生，破坏线粒体功能并引发慢性炎症。线粒体功能障碍不仅阻碍能量代谢，而且促进促凋亡因子（如细胞色素c）的释放，最终导致程序性细胞死亡。因此，氧化应激升高和线粒体损伤是一系列慢性疾病的关键因素，包括代谢、心血管、内分泌、生殖、阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病和癌症。虽然外源性抗氧化剂已显示出中和RONS和减轻氧化损伤的潜力，但由于生物利用度差、不稳定性和细胞摄取有限，临床应用受到阻碍。抗氧化剂纳米配方，特别是那些采用可生物降解的脂质和聚合物纳米载体的抗氧化剂纳米配方，为解决这些挑战提供了一个有希望的策略。配制的纳米级输送系统和生物工程纳米载体已被开发用于抗氧化剂的输送，这增强了抗氧化剂的稳定性和靶向输送，并改善了治疗效果。本文综述了基于纳米载体的抗氧化治疗的最新进展，强调了其减轻环境污染物和氧化应激引起的毒性的能力，最终为疾病管理和预防保健开辟了新的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Plant-based nanotherapeutics: A new frontier in disease management and prevention 植物纳米疗法：疾病管理和预防的新前沿

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100086

Sumitha Elayaperumal , Yuvaraj Sivamani , Parth Agarwal , Nimmy Srivastava

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in the field of medicine, offering innovative solutions for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Among the myriad sources of nanomaterials, plant-based nanotherapeutics stand out due to their biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and potential for sustainable production. These nanomaterials show promise across a range of diseases, demonstrating significant anticancer activity and potent antimicrobial properties against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Additionally, their applications in managing diabetes, reducing inflammation, and promoting wound healing highlight their versatility and effectiveness. Despite challenges such as scaling up nanoparticle production, ensuring stability, and creating standardized regulatory frameworks, the future of plant-based nanotherapeutics is promising. As the field advances, plant-based nanotherapeutics have the potential to transform healthcare by providing more effective, safe, and eco-friendly treatment options. This review article delves into the burgeoning field of plant-based nanotherapeutics, highlighting their mechanisms of action, and diverse applications in disease treatment.

纳米技术已经成为医学领域的一股变革力量，为疾病的诊断、治疗和预防提供了创新的解决方案。在纳米材料的众多来源中，基于植物的纳米疗法因其生物相容性、生态友好性和可持续生产的潜力而脱颖而出。这些纳米材料在一系列疾病中显示出前景，显示出显著的抗癌活性和对细菌、病毒和真菌感染的有效抗菌特性。此外，它们在治疗糖尿病、减少炎症和促进伤口愈合方面的应用突出了它们的多功能性和有效性。尽管存在诸如扩大纳米颗粒生产、确保稳定性和创建标准化监管框架等挑战，但基于植物的纳米疗法的未来是有希望的。随着该领域的发展，基于植物的纳米疗法有可能通过提供更有效、更安全、更环保的治疗选择来改变医疗保健。本文综述了植物纳米疗法这一新兴领域，重点介绍了植物纳米疗法的作用机制及其在疾病治疗中的多种应用。

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引用次数: 0

Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction 硒，银和金纳米颗粒：肝脏氧化应激和炎症减少的新策略

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100085

Karthik K Karunakar , Binoy Varghese Cheriyan , Dheena Babu , Devan P , Nandhini J , Suresh Kannan M , Lincy Yabase , Kunal Kataria

Liver failure, primarily driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, remains a significant clinical challenge. Conventional hepatoprotective strategies often fail to provide effective long-term protection, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the hepatoprotective potential of selenium (SeNPs), silver (AgNPs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), emphasizing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. SeNPs enhance antioxidant defenses by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulating key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). AgNPs exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine expression, reducing lipid peroxidation, and preserving hepatic architecture. AuNPs demonstrate biocompatibility, fibrosis prevention, and immune modulation through NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling. Despite their therapeutic promise, concerns regarding nanoparticle biocompatibility, stability, and potential toxicity remain key challenges for clinical translation. This review aims to explore the role of (SeNPs), (AgNPs), and (AuNPs) in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in liver diseases, explore their mechanisms of hepatoprotection, assess the challenges associated with their biomedical applications, and provide insights into future directions for their clinical development. Addressing these gaps will be crucial in optimizing nanoparticle-based hepatoprotective therapies for safer and more effective liver disease management.

肝衰竭，主要是由氧化应激和炎症引起的，仍然是一个重大的临床挑战。传统的肝保护策略往往不能提供有效的长期保护，需要探索新的治疗方法。本文综述了硒纳米粒子（SeNPs）、银纳米粒子（AgNPs）和金纳米粒子（AuNPs）的肝保护潜力，重点介绍了它们的抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节机制。SeNPs通过清除活性氧（ROS）和上调超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）等关键酶来增强抗氧化防御能力。AgNPs通过调节细胞因子表达、减少脂质过氧化和保护肝脏结构表现出抗炎作用。AuNPs通过NF-κB和Nrf2信号传导表现出生物相容性、纤维化预防和免疫调节。尽管纳米颗粒具有治疗前景，但对其生物相容性、稳定性和潜在毒性的担忧仍然是临床转化的关键挑战。本文旨在探讨（SeNPs）、（AgNPs）和（AuNPs）在肝脏疾病中减轻氧化应激和炎症的作用，探讨其保护肝脏的机制，评估其生物医学应用相关的挑战，并为其临床发展方向提供见解。解决这些差距对于优化基于纳米颗粒的肝保护疗法以实现更安全和更有效的肝病管理至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Liquid biopsy based on EV biomarkers: A new frontier for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of cancer at ESMO 2024 基于EV生物标志物的液体活检：癌症早期诊断和预后评估的新前沿

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100084

Zeping Shan , Xinming Su , Luqing Liu, Shiwei Duan

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful biomarkers in liquid biopsy, offering insights into early cancer diagnosis, precision treatment, and prognosis evaluation. EVs, including microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, carry molecular cargo that reflects the physiological or pathological state of parent cells. Recent research, including findings presented at the 2024 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) meeting, highlights significant advances in using EVs for early detection and prognosis in some solid tumors. While applications hold great potential, challenges remain, including the need for advanced technologies for efficient EV separation and purification, characterizing heterogeneity, detecting single EV markers, and overcoming small sample sizes. Addressing these issues will require increased technical investment, collaborative efforts, and large-scale clinical trials. These steps are essential to overcome the current limitations and to promote the application and development of EV-based approaches in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

细胞外囊泡（EVs）正在成为液体活检中强有力的生物标志物，为早期癌症诊断、精确治疗和预后评估提供了新的见解。包括微囊泡、外泌体和凋亡小体在内的ev携带反映亲本细胞生理或病理状态的分子货物。最近的研究，包括在2024年欧洲医学肿瘤学会（ESMO）会议上发表的研究结果，强调了在一些实体肿瘤中使用ev进行早期检测和预后的重大进展。虽然应用潜力巨大，但挑战依然存在，包括对高效EV分离和纯化、表征异质性、检测单个EV标记以及克服小样本量的先进技术的需求。解决这些问题需要增加技术投资、合作努力和大规模临床试验。这些步骤对于克服目前的限制和促进基于ev的方法在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用和发展至关重要。

引用次数: 0