Nano TransMed最新文献_第3页

“Green” gas-generation strategy to combine cancer phototherapy for remarkably enhanced efficacy “绿色”气体生成策略结合癌症光疗显着提高疗效

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100090

Jiahui Wu , Gege Zhang , Mi Zou , Qiong Huang , Yanling Zhang , Yajie Sui , Shuang Wu , Jianming Yang , Qiaojun Fang , Pingping Liang

Phototherapy, which mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has made considerable progress in the field of cancer treatment by generating reactive oxygen species or hyperthermia under photorespiration to selectively damage cancer cells. However, PDT or PTT monotherapy still needs to overcome the respective limitations for biosafety and efficacy improvement. Gas therapy, especially guided by photoacoustic imaging, is an emerging therapeutic approach that destroys cancer cells by increasing the levels of certain gases at the tumor site, wherein some gas molecules can not only increase the O₂ level by cellular respiration inhibition and nanoparticles accumulation by controlled release but also inhibit HSP expression and hyperthermia-induced inflammation. Hence, combining various gases with phototherapy and hyperthermia-induced photoacoustic imaging to achieve superlatively superimposed therapeutic outcomes has received increasing attention due to its unique biological functions. In this review, gas molecular monotherapy is initially summarized, followed by a comprehensive overview of the latest research advances in gas-assisted phototherapy or photoacoustic imaging, finally exploring the prospects and challenges of gas therapy to fight cancer. Recent research advances are summarized, providing innovative perspectives on the design of cancer phototherapy or photoacoustic imaging combined with gas therapy to further improve the therapeutic outlook.

光疗主要包括光动力疗法（PDT）和光热疗法（PTT），通过在光呼吸下产生活性氧或热疗来选择性损伤癌细胞，在癌症治疗领域取得了长足的进展。然而，PDT或PTT单药治疗在生物安全性和疗效提高方面仍需克服各自的局限性。气体疗法是一种新兴的治疗方法，特别是在光声成像的指导下，通过增加肿瘤部位某些气体的水平来破坏癌细胞，其中一些气体分子不仅可以通过细胞呼吸抑制和纳米颗粒积聚来增加O2水平，还可以抑制热休克蛋白的表达和高温诱导的炎症。因此，将各种气体与光疗和高温诱导的光声成像相结合，以达到最高叠加的治疗效果，因其独特的生物学功能而受到越来越多的关注。本文首先对气体分子单药治疗进行了综述，然后对气体辅助光疗和光声成像的最新研究进展进行了全面综述，最后探讨了气体治疗抗癌的前景和挑战。综述了近年来的研究进展，为癌症光疗或光声成像联合气体治疗的设计提供了创新的视角，以进一步改善治疗前景。

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引用次数: 0

Nano delivery systems in stem cell therapy: Transforming regenerative medicine and overcoming clinical challenges 纳米输送系统在干细胞治疗：转化再生医学和克服临床挑战

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2024.100069

Aswini Rajendran, Rithi Angelin Rajan, Saranya Balasubramaniyam, Karthikeyan Elumalai

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine, offering potential treatments for various degenerative diseases and injuries. However, the clinical application of stem cell therapy faces challenges such as low cell viability, inefficient delivery to target sites, and immune rejection. Nanodelivery systems (NDS) have the potential to address these limitations and enhance the efficacy of stem cell-based treatments. This review looks at how NDS can help stem cell therapy work well by creating a safe environment, allowing targeted delivery, and making it easier to control the release of therapeutic factors. The article discusses various types of NDS, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and magnetic nanoparticles, highlighting their unique properties and advantages in stem cell therapy applications. Furthermore, the review examines the potential of NDS in specific areas of regenerative medicine, such as cardiovascular regeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, musculoskeletal tissue repair, and wound healing. The article also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with NDS, such as biocompatibility, toxicity, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory hurdles. Finally, the article explores the future trajectory of nanotechnology in stem cell therapy, discussing the utilization of intelligent nanoparticles, precision genetic modifications, and the benefits of personalized nanomedicine.

干细胞治疗已经成为再生医学中一个很有前途的方法，为各种退行性疾病和损伤提供了潜在的治疗方法。然而，干细胞治疗的临床应用面临着诸如细胞活力低、靶向部位递送效率低和免疫排斥等挑战。纳米递送系统（NDS）有潜力解决这些限制并提高干细胞治疗的疗效。这篇综述着眼于NDS如何通过创造一个安全的环境，允许靶向递送，并使其更容易控制治疗因子的释放来帮助干细胞治疗更好地工作。本文讨论了NDS的各种类型，包括脂质体、聚合物纳米颗粒、介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒、金纳米颗粒和磁性纳米颗粒，重点介绍了它们在干细胞治疗中的独特性质和优势。此外，本文还探讨了NDS在再生医学特定领域的潜力，如心血管再生、神经退行性疾病、肌肉骨骼组织修复和伤口愈合。本文还讨论了与NDS相关的挑战和限制，例如生物相容性、毒性、制造可扩展性和监管障碍。最后，本文探讨了纳米技术在干细胞治疗中的未来发展轨迹，讨论了智能纳米粒子的应用，精确的基因修饰，以及个性化纳米医学的好处。

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引用次数: 0

PROTAC-based therapeutics for targeting HPV oncoproteins in head and neck cancers 靶向头颈癌HPV癌蛋白的基于protac的治疗方法

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100071

Nobendu Mukerjee , Dattatreya Mukherjee

The increasing incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck cancers, particularly oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, highlights the need for advanced therapeutic options beyond the traditional modalities of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, which often lead to significant morbidity and lack specificity in targeting the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) present a novel therapeutic strategy, leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system to specifically degrade the oncogenic HPV proteins E6 and E7. This targeted approach not only potentially reduces the side effects associated with conventional treatments but also directly interrupts the cancer-promoting activities of these proteins, offering a promising avenue for more effective and less invasive treatment of HPV-associated malignancies.

人类乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）相关头颈部癌症，特别是口咽鳞状细胞癌的发病率不断上升，突出表明需要在手术、放疗和化疗等传统模式之外的先进治疗选择，这些模式往往导致显著的发病率，并且缺乏针对该疾病分子发病机制的特异性。蛋白水解靶向嵌合体（PROTACs）提出了一种新的治疗策略，利用泛素-蛋白酶体系统特异性降解致癌的HPV蛋白E6和E7。这种有针对性的方法不仅潜在地减少了与传统治疗相关的副作用，而且还直接中断了这些蛋白质的促癌活性，为更有效、侵入性更小的hpv相关恶性肿瘤治疗提供了一条有希望的途径。

引用次数: 0

Boron delivery agents in BNCT: A mini review of current developments and emerging trends 硼在BNCT中的输送剂：目前的发展和新趋势的一个小回顾

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100081

Rolemae M. Murilla, Gladys G. Edilo, Marco Laurence M. Budlayan, Eulogio S. Auxtero Jr.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a highly targeted form of radiation therapy offering significant potential for treating hard-to-manage cancers such as glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, and recurrent melanoma [1]. Its effectiveness relies on the selective accumulation of boron-10 within tumor cells, enabling localized high-linear-energy transfer (high-LET) damage through neutron capture reactions. Despite the promise of this therapeutic approach, the development of efficient boron delivery agents remains a critical challenge. This review explores the evolution of boron delivery agents over three generations, highlighting their advancements, limitations, and emerging trends. Early first-generation agents, such as sodium tetraborate, faced issues with tumor specificity and retention, leading to the introduction of second-generation agents like boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH). While these agents improved therapeutic outcomes, they exhibited limitations in tumor uptake mechanisms, selectivity, and retention. Recent advancements have resulted in third-generation agents that integrate nanotechnology, monoclonal antibodies, and multifunctional frameworks, significantly enhancing tumor specificity and therapeutic efficiency. These innovative agents utilize targeted delivery, imaging capabilities, and theranostic functionalities to optimize treatment outcomes. However, challenges remain in overcoming tumor heterogeneity, ensuring regulatory compliance, and scaling up production. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current developments in boron delivery systems, offering insights into their potential to transform BNCT into a more effective and accessible cancer therapy.

硼中子俘获疗法（BNCT）是一种高度靶向的放射治疗形式，为治疗难以控制的癌症（如胶质母细胞瘤、头颈癌和复发性黑色素瘤）提供了巨大的潜力。它的有效性依赖于肿瘤细胞内硼-10的选择性积累，通过中子俘获反应实现局部高线能量转移（high-LET）损伤。尽管这种治疗方法有希望，但开发有效的硼输送剂仍然是一个关键的挑战。本文综述了硼递送剂在三代中的发展，重点介绍了它们的进步、局限性和新趋势。早期的第一代药物，如四硼酸钠，面临肿瘤特异性和滞留性的问题，导致第二代药物如硼苯丙氨酸（BPA）和硼硼酸钠（BSH）的引入。虽然这些药物改善了治疗效果，但它们在肿瘤摄取机制、选择性和保留方面表现出局限性。最近的进展导致了第三代药物整合纳米技术，单克隆抗体和多功能框架，显着提高肿瘤特异性和治疗效率。这些创新的药物利用靶向递送、成像能力和治疗功能来优化治疗结果。然而，在克服肿瘤异质性、确保法规遵守和扩大生产方面仍然存在挑战。这篇综述全面分析了硼递送系统的最新进展，提供了将BNCT转变为更有效和更容易获得的癌症治疗方法的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Bio-nanomaterials: Promising anticancer properties and treatment strategies 生物纳米材料：抗癌特性和治疗策略

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100076

Elias Emeka Elemike , Innocent Chukwujekwu Onunkwo , Odiri Ughumiakpor , Faith Alawuru , Anthony Mukoro , Peter Ishom , Faith Obarakpor , Ismail Hossain , Andrew E. Aziza

One of the most difficult diseases to treat in people is cancer, and its mortality rate has recently increased significantly. Nanoparticles are used in the rapidly developing field of cancer nanomedicine to diagnose and as well treat cancer. The often-systemic effects with conventional therapy have now been minimized by the ability of nanoparticles to release normally considered insoluble medicines to tumor locations both far and near. Due to their strong qualities and effects, which include biocompatibility, biosafety, biodegradability, synergistic and autologous therapeutic effects, biologically-based nanomaterials have drawn great interests with regards to cancer therapy. It has been extensively discussed and discovered that nucleic acid, polysaccharides, polyphenol or phenolics, proteins (also peptide), cell and subcellular fractions, as well as lipid are bioactive substances. The utilization of these biologically-active materials in nano-formulation is promising toward efficient treatment of cancer through by different oncological therapeutic strategies. As a result of their structural characterizations, adaptable characteristics, anti-tumor processes, and biological performances, these bioactive compounds have been specifically used as examples of the functions of composite nanosystems.

癌症是人类最难治疗的疾病之一，其死亡率最近显著上升。纳米粒子被用于快速发展的癌症纳米医学领域，用于诊断和治疗癌症。由于纳米颗粒能够将通常被认为不溶性的药物释放到肿瘤的远近部位，传统疗法的全身效应现在已经降到最低。由于生物基纳米材料具有生物相容性、生物安全性、生物可降解性、协同性和自体治疗效应等优良特性和效果，在癌症治疗方面引起了人们极大的兴趣。核酸、多糖、多酚或酚类物质、蛋白质（也包括肽）、细胞和亚细胞组分以及脂质都是生物活性物质，已被广泛讨论和发现。这些生物活性物质在纳米制剂中的应用有望通过不同的肿瘤治疗策略来有效地治疗癌症。由于其结构特征、适应性特征、抗肿瘤过程和生物学性能，这些生物活性化合物已被专门用作复合纳米系统功能的例子。

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引用次数: 0

Nanocarrier-based insulin delivery: A leap towards a needle-free future 基于纳米载体的胰岛素递送：迈向无针未来的飞跃

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100093

Saranya Balasubramaniyam, Thirumalaikumaran Rathinam, Mohanakrishnan Srinivasan, Sowmiya Jayarani

The burden of diabetes mellitus continues to escalate globally, demanding innovative and patient-centric therapeutic alternatives to conventional insulin injections. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems offer transformative potential in diabetes management by enabling needle-free, targeted, and sustained insulin administration. This review not only explores the cutting-edge landscape of nanocarriers—liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, and nanoemulsions—but also uniquely integrates clinical trial outcomes, molecular mechanisms, and novel applications such as CRISPR-based gene therapy and dietary extracellular vesicles (ELVs). These platforms shield insulin from enzymatic breakdown, enable oral or transdermal delivery, and provide controlled release to simulate physiological insulin profiles. Future uses encompass gene-loaded nanocarriers for regenerating pancreatic beta cells and intelligent nanocarriers integrated with biosensors for real-time glucose-responsive insulin release. This union opens the way for self-directed diabetes management with minimal patient interaction. Albeit promising, problems like potential toxicity, financial impediments, and regulatory issues have to be solved through collaborative efforts involving interdisciplinary inputs. Notably, the coupling of nanocarrier technology with wearable technology and personalized medicine techniques signals a shift in diabetes care paradigms. With maturity in research, these smart systems might not only obviate the need for syringe dependence but also redefine treatment by merging bioengineering, diagnostics, and regenerative strategies. Nanomedicine's role is poised to shift diabetes care from symptom management to functional cure, with global implications for improving patient quality of life.

糖尿病的负担在全球范围内持续升级，需要创新和以患者为中心的治疗替代传统胰岛素注射。基于纳米载体的给药系统通过实现无针、靶向和持续的胰岛素给药，为糖尿病管理提供了革命性的潜力。这篇综述不仅探讨了纳米载体的前沿领域——脂质体、聚合纳米颗粒、树状大分子、胶束和纳米乳液，而且还独特地整合了临床试验结果、分子机制和新的应用，如基于crispr的基因治疗和饮食细胞外囊泡（ELVs）。这些平台保护胰岛素免受酶分解，使口服或透皮给药，并提供控制释放来模拟生理胰岛素谱。未来的用途包括用于再生胰腺细胞的基因负载纳米载体和集成生物传感器的智能纳米载体，用于实时葡萄糖反应性胰岛素释放。这种结合为自我指导的糖尿病管理开辟了道路，患者之间的互动最小。尽管前景光明，但潜在的毒性、财务障碍和监管问题等问题必须通过跨学科投入的合作努力来解决。值得注意的是，纳米载体技术与可穿戴技术和个性化医疗技术的结合标志着糖尿病治疗范式的转变。随着研究的成熟，这些智能系统不仅可以消除对注射器的依赖，还可以通过融合生物工程、诊断和再生策略来重新定义治疗。纳米医学的作用是将糖尿病护理从症状管理转变为功能治疗，对改善患者的生活质量具有全球意义。

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引用次数: 0

Antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Martynia annua L. root extract 黄花martyna L.根提取物绿色合成纳米银的抗氧化和抗糖尿病潜力

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100070

Megha B. Abbigeri , Bothe Thokchom , Sapam Riches Singh , Santosh Mallikarjun Bhavi , B.P. Harini , Ramesh Babu Yarajarla

The weed Martynia annua traditionally known as Kakanasika is annual herbaceous plant known for its multiple medicinal properties such as anthelmintic, analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial, anti-convulsant, anti-fertility, antinociceptive, antioxidant, CNS depressant and wound healing activity. The aqueous root extract of M. annua was subjected to qualitative analysis, revealing the presence of terpeniods, indicative of its rich phytochemicals composition. Utilizing a green synthesis approach, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized from the plant extract. Characterization through UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, and SEM/EDX confirmed the formation of AgNPs with polygonal morphology and an average size of 64 nm, with the PDI of 0.385. Additionally, the AgNPs demonstrated moderate stability, evidenced by a zeta potential of −21.6 mV. Evaluation of the synthesized AgNPs focused on their anti-diabetic potential. The green synthesized R-AgNPs were potent antioxidant agents. They exhibited significant inhibition of alpha amylase, a pivotal enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting their efficacy as anti-diabetic agents. Moreover, the AgNPs enhanced glucose uptake by yeast cells, indicating their promising therapeutic role in managing diabetes mellitus. This study highlights the pharmacological importance of M.annua, particularly its aqueous root extract, in the eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs with potential therapeutic implications. Further investigation into the mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of these AgNPs in diabetes management is warranted.

传统上被称为Kakanasika的杂草是一年生草本植物，以其多种药用特性而闻名，如驱虫药、镇痛药、解热药、抗菌药、抗惊厥药、抗生育药、抗痛觉药、抗氧化剂、中枢神经系统抑制剂和伤口愈合活性。对黄花楸根水提物进行定性分析，发现黄花楸根水提物中含有萜类化合物，表明黄花楸根水提物具有丰富的植物化学成分。利用绿色合成方法，成功地从植物提取物中合成了纳米银。通过紫外-可见光谱、FTIR、DLS和SEM/EDX表征，证实形成的AgNPs形貌为多边形，平均尺寸为64 nm， PDI为0.385。此外，AgNPs表现出中等的稳定性，zeta电位为- 21.6 mV。评价合成的AgNPs的抗糖尿病潜能。绿色合成的R-AgNPs是有效的抗氧化剂。它们表现出显著的α淀粉酶抑制作用，α淀粉酶是碳水化合物代谢的关键酶，表明它们具有抗糖尿病药物的功效。此外，AgNPs增强了酵母细胞对葡萄糖的摄取，表明它们在控制糖尿病方面有很好的治疗作用。本研究强调了金盏花的药理重要性，特别是其水根提取物，在生态友好的AgNPs合成中具有潜在的治疗意义。进一步研究这些AgNPs在糖尿病治疗中的作用机制和临床疗效是有必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum regarding previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章的勘误

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100072

引用次数: 0

Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoplatforms for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: Advances and synergistic strategies 肿瘤微环境响应纳米平台增强癌症免疫治疗：进展和协同策略

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100092

Jie Wu, Xiangdong Xue, Haijing Qu

Despite remarkable advancements in cancer immunotherapy, its clinical efficacy remains constrained by challenges including insufficient tumor accumulation of immunotherapeutics, limited patient response rates, and immune-related adverse events. Tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoplatforms have emerged as a promising strategy to address these limitations, which could respond to endogenous signals in tumor cells to achieve precise targeting, controlled drug release, and reversal of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. Herein, this article systematically reviews TME-responsive design strategies based on intrinsic tumor-specific features, including acidic pH, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reductive conditions, hypoxia, and overexpressed enzymes. Furthermore, we elucidate synergistic mechanisms of TME-responsive nanosystems empowering immunotherapy: i) subcellular organelle-specific delivery, ii) TME remodeling, iii) immunometabolic reprogramming and iv) lymph node drainage regulation. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for clinical translation of these advanced nanomedicine-based immunotherapeutic strategies are discussed, providing insights for the development of next-generation cancer immunotherapies.

尽管癌症免疫治疗取得了显著进展，但其临床疗效仍然受到免疫治疗药物肿瘤积累不足、患者反应率有限以及免疫相关不良事件等挑战的制约。肿瘤微环境（TME）响应纳米平台已经成为解决这些限制的一种有前途的策略，它可以响应肿瘤细胞中的内源性信号，以实现精确靶向，控制药物释放，并逆转肿瘤免疫抑制微环境。在此，本文系统地回顾了基于肿瘤固有特征的tme响应设计策略，包括酸性pH、活性氧（ROS）水平升高、还原条件、缺氧和过表达酶。此外，我们阐明了TME响应纳米系统增强免疫治疗的协同机制：i)亚细胞细胞器特异性递送，ii) TME重塑，iii)免疫代谢重编程和iv)淋巴结引流调节。最后，讨论了这些先进的基于纳米药物的免疫治疗策略的临床转化的当前挑战和未来方向，为下一代癌症免疫治疗的发展提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Redox-sensitive camptothecin prodrug: A promising drug delivery strategy with ultrahigh drug loading and tunable drug release 氧化还原敏感喜树碱前药：一种具有超高载药量和可调药物释放的有前途的药物递送策略

Nano TransMed

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100088

Shiwei Fu , Vanessa Puche , Bowen Zhao , Xiao Zhang , Victoria A.A. McKenzie , Sophia Garcia , Fuwu Zhang

Small molecular drugs play a critical role in cancer therapy but face challenges like poor solubility, severe side effects, and inefficient delivery. Polymeric micellar-based drug delivery systems show promise but struggle with low drug loading, instability, and premature drug release partly due to the incompatible physicochemical properties. Here, we report a simple and efficient method to develop redox-sensitive camptothecin (CPT) prodrug by conjugating alkyl chains to CPT via a disulfide linker. By conjugating alkyl chains of varying lengths to CPT via a disulfide linker, we achieved high drug-loading efficiency and loading capacity, controlled responsive drug release, due to enhanced hydrophobic interaction and miscibility with the carrier. The prodrug loaded NPs exhibited slower drug release for more hydrophobic ones with longer alky chains. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against cancer cells confirmed the prodrugs' potency and the critical role of the disulfide bond in maintaining anticancer activity. These findings highlight the importance of tuning prodrug hydrophobicity and GSH sensitivity in drug delivery. This prodrug engineering strategy, which involves conjugating a hydrophobic alkyl chain to modulate the drug's physicochemical properties, offers a straightforward approach for designing and optimizing drug delivery systems for a wide range of therapeutic agents, whether hydrophilic or hydrophobic.

小分子药物在癌症治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用，但也面临着溶解性差、副作用严重、给药效率低等挑战。基于聚合物胶束的药物传递系统显示出前景，但由于其不相容的物理化学性质，其载药量低、不稳定性和药物过早释放等问题一直存在。本文报道了一种简单有效的方法，通过二硫连接将烷基链偶联到喜树碱（CPT）前体药物上。通过二硫连接剂将不同长度的烷基链与CPT结合，我们实现了高的载药效率和载药量，控制了药物的响应释放，这是由于与载体的疏水相互作用和混溶性增强。前药负载的NPs对于具有较长碱基链的疏水分子表现出较慢的药物释放。对癌细胞的体外细胞毒性试验证实了前药的效力和二硫键在维持抗癌活性中的关键作用。这些发现强调了调整药物前疏水性和谷胱甘肽敏感性在药物传递中的重要性。这种药物前工程策略，包括偶联疏水性烷基链来调节药物的物理化学性质，为设计和优化广泛的治疗药物的药物输送系统提供了一种直接的方法，无论是亲水性还是疏水性。

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引用次数: 0