Nano TransMed最新文献

Biodegradable and adaptable polymeric materials are currently being studied due to their wide scope of potential applications, from nanomedicine to novel multifunctional materials. One such class of polymers are poly(disulfide)s, which contain repeating disulfide bonds in their main chain. Lipoic acid, or thioctic acid, is a biologically derived small molecule containing a 1,2-dithiolane ring capable of undergoing ring opening polymerization to yield poly(disulfide)s. In this review, we highlight the synthesis of lipoic acid-based poly(disulfide)s through thermal and thiolate-initiated ring opening polymerizations, and the development of methodology pertaining to the synthetic methods. We further discuss the biomedical applications of poly(disulfide)s, which have been widely used to construct various responsive biomaterials, including polymer-drug conjugates, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and adhesives.

Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a kind of chronic liver disease, due to the autoimmune tolerance of the liver break-down, as well as the imbalance of immune cell numbers and functions led to persistent inflammatory damage of the liver. With the rapid development of diagnoses and treatments, the proportion of liver diseases has changed significantly. Autoimmune liver diseases have gradually become one of the focuses of scholars worldwide. The specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic and prognostic evaluation methods of AILD have always been social concerns of the researchers owing to the variety of etiology, incompletely understood pathogenesis and different clinical phenotypes. This article reviews the current research status and summarizes the research advances and nanomaterials of the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation methods of AILDs.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic disease that seriously damages the central nervous system, which will bring a heavy burden to patients physically, mentally and economically. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death in recent years. It has been found that ferroptosis is related to a variety of diseases (stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.), and plays a major role in secondary injury after spinal cord injury. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis that has been shown to improve functional recovery after SCI by alleviating white matter damage. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels can carry drugs/nanomaterials into the body and have a slow release and physical support. However, the specific role of the GelMA hydrogel-based Fer1 slow-release system in neuronal iron death after SCI remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the Fer@GelMA slow-release system inhibits apoptosis and promotes neuronal survival by inhibiting ferroptosis, ultimately rescuing damaged tissue and promoting recovery of SCI motor function. This discovery may provide a new treatment strategy for SCI.

Nanomaterials with excellent optical, electric, magnetic, and other physicochemical properties, are generally used in photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy of cancer. To enhance nanomaterials’ superior physicochemical properties and improve cancer theranostic efficiency, various strategies have been proposed. Among them, the introduction of sulfur vacancy defects is a promising strategy for enhanced cancer theranostics. In this review, the formation and action mechanism of sulfur vacancy nanomaterials, as well as their application in cancer theranostics are first summarized. Then, the principle and application of various sulfur vacancy based-nanomaterials such as molybdenum, bismuth, zinc, copper, iron, ruthenium, silver, cobalt, cadmium, and polythionine in enhancing cancer therapy are highlighted. Finally, the future development prospect and current challenges of sulfur vacancy nanomaterials are also discussed. This review will help researchers quickly understand the information related to various sulfur vacancy-based nanomaterials in cancer therapy, promoting the further development of anti-cancer nanomedicine.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are natural nanocarriers characterized by a phospholipid bilayer structure, are released by living cells. They play a crucial role in the intercellular transport of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, facilitating substance delivery and information exchange between cells. In light of recent numerous studies, EVs has been found to transcend their basic role as mere delivery vehicle. Instead, they demonstrate an impressive array of biological activities, displaying preventive and therapeutic potential in mitigating various pathological processes encompassing cancer, neoplastic proliferation, infectious diseases, and oxidative trauma. Particularly, EVs derived from edible plants (EPDEVs) have been emphasized for their extensive range of physiological regulatory functions in animals and humans, with the potential for targeted drug delivery through oral administration. Leveraging these advantages, EPDEVs are expected to have excellent competitiveness in clinical applications or preventive healthcare products. This review provides a brief overview of the biogenesis, structure, and composition of EPDEVs, and summarizes their biological functions and mechanisms. It also analyzes the methods for isolating and purifying plant-EVs, assessing their advantages and disadvantages; discusses the latest advancements in biomedical applications, and concludes with a prospective insight into the research and development directions of EPDEVs.

Cancer remains a formidable health challenge due to the limitations and toxic side effects associated with conventional treatment approaches. Recent research in the field of tumor microbiota has revealed the significant role bacteria play within tumors. The unique characteristics of bacteria position them as potential carriers for anticancer therapies. This is due to their ability to accumulate within tumor tissues, target the blood-brain barrier, and thrive in hypoxic environments. Meanwhile, the exploration of bacteria within the tumor microenvironment has gained momentum, with targeting key intratumoral bacteria becoming a central focus in cancer therapy. Moreover, multifunctional nanoparticles are increasingly prominent in cancer treatment strategies. This is attributed to their excellent biocompatibility, customizable properties, and precise targeting capabilities. These nanoparticles are not only being more widely adopted but are also maturing in application, positioning them as an optimal choice for cancer treatment. This article offers an overview of strategies that utilize bacteria as carriers to deliver nanodrugs for targeted tumor therapy. It also delves into the advantages and potential of these strategies in designing intelligent drug delivery systems. Emphasizing the impact of the tumor's internal bacterial environment on cancer, the article focuses on the utilization of nanodrugs to target key tumor-associated bacteria for effective cancer treatment. The findings presented carry practical value and provide a reference for the development of innovative cancer therapies based on nanodrugs and bacteria.

Oral signs and symptoms are frequently the first manifestation of immunological conditions. The dentists can therefore play an important role in the detection and during the management phase of the multidisciplinary treatment. Precise and early diagnosis increases the efficiency and efficacy of treatment strategy. This review provided an update of the immune system, the common immunological conditions that show oral clinical signs and symptoms, and guidance as to the appropriate investigation needed to differentiate and correctly diagnoses these conditions.

Aims

We aim to evaluate the expression of GNA13 in germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas to evaluate its potential use as marker for diagnosis.

Methods and Results

In this study, GNA13 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 129 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) and 8 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Furthermore, mutations in the GNA13 gene in 114 cases of B-NHLs were detected by exome sequencing. In 50 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 11 cases were positive for GNA13, and all GNA13-positive cases were of the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subtype. In 42 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), the GNA13-positive rate was 100% in FL grade 1, 100% in FL grade 2, 80.0% in FL grade 3 A, and 63.2% in FL grade 3B. In 6 cases of Burkitt lymphoma, 3 cases were positive for GNA13. However, in small lymphocytic lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma, GNA13 was negative or only expressed in the GC. In addition, the GNA13-positive rate was 100% in AITL. The mutation of the GNA13 gene was 27.8% (5/18) in GCB-DLBCL and 10.3% (3/29) in FL, respectively, and mutation of GNA13 occurred in cases with weak positive or negative expression of the GNA13 protein.

Conclusion

GNA13 may be a reliable new marker for GC cells applied in the diagnosis of GC-derived B-cell lymphomas. Its deficiency or low expression may be related to the degree of invasion of GC-derived B-cell lymphomas, and may result from genetic mutations.