Nano TransMed最新文献

Oral cancer incidence and mortality are high in India, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, China, Eastern Europe, France, and parts of South America, where alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are prevalent. Current oral cancer therapeutic techniques face limitations due to their inability to effectively target complex tumor locations and the associated adverse side effects. Microbots, tiny robots on a micrometre scale, offer a promising solution to these challenges. Microbots are constructed from biocompatible materials; these microbots can navigate the intricate mouth cavity and access deep tissues. Various agents, including fluorescent dyes for targeted tumor diagnosis, contrast agents for enhanced visualization in CT and MRI scans, and medicinal drugs, can equip them. The potential of microbots lies in their ability to specifically aggregate at tumor sites, which improves the efficacy of diagnostic agents and leads to more precise detection of oral cancer. Despite these difficulties, microbots provide a ground-breaking method for identifying oral cancer. Their ability to deliver diagnostic chemicals directly to the tumor site with minimal invasiveness has enormous potential for improving early identification and, eventually, patient outcomes. Large-scale clinical trials are required to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of microbot assisted oral cancer diagnosis in humans. Further research is also necessary to create precise control mechanisms for microbot navigation within the mouth and optimal tumor site targeting.

Novel drug delivery systems comprise sophisticated technology merged into drug delivery systems. These systems are created with the aim of addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. For instance, conventional drug delivery systems are inefficient in tackling challenging human diseases such as cancer. These systems are thus formed with materials to enhance permeation to target cells. They improve patients' compliance and efficacy. Novel drug delivery systems include self-powered drug delivery systems and microelectromechanical systems. Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing and promising field, especially in drug delivery system development and disease therapy. Novel drug delivery systems often utilise nanocarriers due to their numerous advantages. One of the benefits of nanocarriers is the ability to manipulate their size and surface functionalisation to achieve site-specific targeting. Many researchers have reported their controlled and targeted drug release profiles. Nanocarriers are propelled to their target tissues, where the entrapped drugs are released, prolonging therapeutic efficacy and decreasing undesired side effects. Hence, these systems offer the benefits of targeted and controlled drug delivery, low toxicity, high bioavailability and improved therapeutic efficiency. It is essential to understand the mechanisms of drug release and toxicity of these systems in order to develop efficient and safe drug delivery systems. This review describes the utilisation of novel drug delivery systems. It also dwells on the drug loading, targeting and drug release from nanocarriers. The primary concerns of clinical applications and the potential toxicity of these systems are also presented. It is expected that this review will be helpful to drug formulation researchers seeking solutions to challenging diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Nanotechnology are two cutting-edge fields that hold immense promise for revolutionizing various aspects of science, technology, and everyday life. This review delves into the intersection of these disciplines, highlighting the synergistic relationship between AI and Nanotechnology. It explores how AI techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, and neural networks are being employed to enhance the efficiency, precision, and scalability of nanotechnology applications. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of integrating AI with nanotechnology, paving the way for transformative advancements in diverse domains ranging from healthcare and materials science to environmental sustainability and beyond.

Currently, cancer is the leading cause of death globally. In the absence of specific treatment and early diagnosis, procedures like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are often used to manage the disease. However, these approaches often fail to control cancer due to inefficacy, nonspecific distribution, and side effects of the drugs. Anticancer drugs are essential in reducing cancer cell growth and helping damage those cells. Anticancer drugs often cause severe side effects and have limited bioavailability due to their nonspecific distribution throughout the body. Therefore, the development of intelligent drug release systems is essential. Nanoparticle delivery systems are promising strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety, overcoming challenges. Among these systems, a natural polysaccharide called chitosan, a derivative of chitin, has gained considerable attention as a biocompatible, biodegradable, and mucoadhesive material for creating nanoparticles. Chitosan nanoparticles provide several advantages, including improved stability, cellular uptake, solubility of anticancer drugs, modulation of release kinetics, and biodistribution. Additionally, chitosan nanoparticles can be modified on their surface with ligands or stimuli-responsive moieties to achieve targeted delivery to specific cancer cells or tissues. This review explores recent advances in chitosan-based nanoparticle drug delivery, efficacy, and their applications in cancer therapy.

Plectropomus leopardus is an economically valuable marine farmed fish. However, diseases have seriously restricted the healthy development of its breeding industry. Cell line is an important in vitro research system in the fields of disease control, environmental toxicology, nanotechnology, and so on. However, the application of marine fish cell lines is far from the expected level, and many species have not yet been reported to establish cell lines. In our study, we developed a brain cell line derived from P. leopardus, designated as PLB, and investigated its susceptibility to bacterial agents and heavy metal exposure. The findings indicated that PLB cell lines grew fastest in L-15 medium supplemented with 20 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 26 °C. The established cell line was identified by 18 S rRNA gene sequencing as being derived from P. leopardus. Chromosome analysis revealed that the PLB cell line had a chromosome count of 48. The transfection efficiency of PLB cells was about 27 % by liposome transfection method, indicating that PLB cell lines offer utility for conducting functional investigations of exogenous genes. In addition, the bacterial sensitivity analysis results indicated that PLB cells exhibited susceptibility to both Vibrio harveyi and Edwardsiella tarda, furthermore, PLB cells displayed heightened sensitivity towards V. harveyi in comparison to E. tarda. The outcomes from the heavy metal toxicity experiments demonstrated significant toxicity of three heavy metals (Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺) towards PLB cells, with Hg²⁺ exhibiting the highest degree of toxicity among them. Moreover, there was a dose-dependent relationship between cell survival rate of PLB and heavy metal concentration. In summary, PLB cell lines represent a promising tool for conducting in vitro analyses of foreign gene functionality, bacterial susceptibility, and heavy metal toxicity. It helps ensure the safety of aquatic breeding environments and also supports genetic enhancements in fish fry, promoting the development of traits such as increased growth and disease resistance, which are vital for aquaculture progress.

Spermine is a polyamine that participates in ion channel regulation and cell proliferation. It is considered a biomarker for pancreatic cancer. In this study, a carbon nanostructure-based aptasensor has been developed to rapidly detect spermine in solution by relying on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRET donor, carbon quantum dots (CDs), are bioconjugated to aptamers specific for spermine. CDs have an average diameter of 5.0 ± 2.5 nm and have the maximum fluorescence intensity emitting at 510 nm when excited at 400 nm. Due to the π-π* interaction between DNA-based aptamer and GO, a FRET quencher, CDs bioconjugated with aptamer (CDs-aptamer) can directly attach on the surface of GO, resulting in significant FRET quenching. In the presence of spermine, GO and CDs-Aptamer separate, and the fluorescence intensity of CDs is restored. The restored fluorescence intensity of CD-aptamer can be observed when the concentration of spermine increases from 0.1 to 250 nM. The sensing system in this study could be a cost-effective, user-friendly method to quickly detect spermine, a biomarker for pancreatic cancer.

Background

Due to the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanocomplex synthetic techniques, a large number of nanoparticle-based cancer medicines have been evaluated or applied in clinical trials for utility. However, the quality, efficiency and adverse events of these trials are sometimes controversial. Our systematic review aimed to better summary the current nanoparticle-related randomized controlled trials for cancer treatment, assess their quality and analyze the outcomes reported.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed in electronic database as follows: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science, until February 2024. We then identified the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the nanoparticle-based therapy versus placebo, ordinary chemotherapy, standard of care or different doses of nanoparticles in cancer patients. The information, primary outcomes and adverse events records of trials were extracted.

Results

31 RCTs were included, Inside, 22 studies used paclitaxel related nanoparticle in their RCTs, including 18 trials of nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel. A total of 10399 patients were enrolled for evaluation. Most of the included trials were ranked as excellent or good quality after assessed according to CONSORT checklist. The treatment efficiency reflected via progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and pathological complete response (pCR) were not significantly superior to control arm. Lymphopenia, leucopenia and neutropenia were the most common complications in paclitaxel-related therapies.

Conclusions

According to current trials, the advantages of nanoparticles-based therapy were not significant compared to ordinary chemotherapy schedule no matter in efficiency or safety for cancer treatment. The majority of nanomedicine currently in evaluation is chemotherapy medicine related, lacking of the attempts of other treatment strategy. Thus, it is urgent to broaden the therapy strategy applied in nanoparticle utility for cancer treatment exploration.

Open skin wounds are susceptible to infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria, which can lead to delayed wound healing or worsening of symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive strategy that addresses bacterial infections while simultaneously promoting wound healing for optimal clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to combine the benefits of antibacterial piezoelectric catalysis action and controlled electrical stimulation to promote skin tissue repair. Initially, piezoelectric catalytic BaTiO₃(BTO) nanoparticles were coated with polydopamine (PDA) to improve the interface compatibility between inorganic and organic phase. Subsequently, a novel conductive composite hydrogel termed PPGSCH was synthesized by doping PDA@BTO into poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hydrogel. Traditional dye degradation experiments and EPR tests found that PDA@BTO nanoparticles exhibited superior piezoelectric catalytic efficiency compared with the pristine BTO. Rheological tests and electrical conductivity tests demonstrated better electrical adaptability and mechanical stability of PPGSCH. Remarkably, under the synergism of piezoelectricity and electric polarization induced by ultrasound (US), the antibacterial rate of PPGSCH exceeded 90% in vitro. Furthermore, when subjected to 0.5 W/cm² US irradiation, it can generate moderate levels of reactive oxygen (ROS) and micro current, promoting the proliferation and migration of mouse fibroblasts. Animal experiments on infected skin wounds in mice showed that PPGSCH could reduce inflammation, accelerate angiogenesis, and ultimately expedite the infected wound healing. This work opens up new possibilities for enhancing the repair of infected skin wounds.

In this paper, we created a hydrogel (named AuNPs-CuCCDs@Gel) with photothermal and photodynamic performance through incorporating copper carbon dots (CuCCDs) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) into gelatin and chitosan hydrogels. The thus-obtained hydrogel exhibited a high photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial activity with a superior singlet oxygen yield (0.70), which was better than that of methylene blue (0.52). After laser irradiation at 808 nm for 6 min, the temperature of AuNPs-CuCCDs@Gel rose from room temperature to 50 °C, which manifested good effects for avoiding local heat damage and protecting normal cells. AuNPs-CuCCDs@Gel exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy of 96.46% and 97.48% against S. aureus and E. coli respectively. The significantly improved bactericidal performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work suggests that photothermal/photodynamic antibacterial hydrogel is a promising agent for treating wound infection.