New Techno-Humanities最新文献

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The head-set as a lover: Pornography and the eroticism of immersive devices 作为情人的头戴式耳机：色情和沉浸式设备的情色

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.09.001

Roberto Paolo Malaspina

This paper focuses on the perceptual, social and aesthetic dynamics at work when interacting with immersive pornographic products. The main aim of this analysis is to demonstrate that immersion in a 360° iconic environment promotes a double quasi-inter-subjective movement: that with the solid bodies and identities reproduced in the iconic space, and that with the wearable machine. The interaction of these two elements promotes a peculiar somatechnical relationship with the apparatus and the audiovisual, in line with the carnal qualities of the pornographic product from its origins. After a brief genealogy of this erotic liaison, this contribution analyses the main features of the contemporary conformation of pornography in Virtual Reality, showing how the material device in the pornographic experience is understood as a quasi-subjectivity that shares in the erotic charge of the product. Through its ergonomic conformation, VR porn promotes unprecedented forms of identity experimentation, which also heighten the medium's value in socio-political terms.

Finally, with the concept of the videal body, it is proposed to consider the erotic relationship between human beings and optical media along a vector that, instead of anthropomorphising the machine, mechanicalises the human being, deriving erotic pleasure from the surrender to the an-icon and the apparatus of vision.

本文关注的是与沉浸式色情产品互动时的感知、社会和审美动态。这一分析的主要目的是证明沉浸在360度的标志性环境中促进了双重的准主体间运动：在标志性空间中再现的实体和身份，以及可穿戴机器。这两个元素的相互作用促进了与器具和视听的一种特殊的身体技术关系，符合色情产品从其起源的肉欲品质。在简要介绍了这种情色联系之后，这篇文章分析了虚拟现实中色情作品当代形态的主要特征，展示了色情体验中的物质设备如何被理解为一种准主体性，它分享了产品的情色charge。通过其符合人体工程学的结构，VR色情促进了前所未有的身份实验形式，这也提高了媒介在社会政治方面的价值。最后，在理想身体的概念下，我们建议沿着一个向量来考虑人类与光学媒介之间的情爱关系，而不是将机器拟人化，而是将人类机械化，从对偶像和视觉装置的投降中获得情爱快感。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing David levy's sex robot utopianism from the personalist perspective 从个人主义的角度评价大卫·列维的性爱机器人乌托邦

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.10.002

Kai-man KWAN

The coming of sex robots has generated a lot of discussions. The scholarly debate on love & sex with sexbots has been ignited mostly by David Levy's book in 2007, Love + Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships. Levy is an enthusiastic advocate for sex with sexbot, but his positive assessment of sexbots is contradicted by severe criticisms of the use of sexbots, most of which come from the radical feminists like Kathleen Richardson but other critics provide a personalist critique of Levy. In this essay, I will explore this personalist critique in some details. I will also engage with Levy's detailed arguments, & put these discussions within the context of contemporary philosophy of sex.

性爱机器人的到来引发了很多讨论。关于爱情的学术争论2007年，大卫·列维的书《与机器人的爱与性：人类与机器人关系的进化》点燃了人们与机器人的性爱。列维是性爱机器人的热情倡导者，但他对性爱机器人的积极评价与对性爱机器人使用的严厉批评相矛盾，这些批评大多来自凯瑟琳·理查森（Kathleen Richardson）等激进女权主义者，但其他批评者对列维进行了个人主义的批评。在这篇文章中，我将详细探讨这种个人主义批判。我还将讨论列维的详细论点。把这些讨论放在当代性哲学的背景下。

引用次数: 0

Sex life and space travel: Are sex robots preferable to virtual reality? 性生活与太空旅行：性爱机器人比虚拟现实更可取吗？

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.05.002

Maurizio Balistreri

The article explores the role of virtual reality technologies and sex robots in addressing the sexual needs of astronauts engaged in space missions. The positive impacts of sexual activity on physical and psychological health are highlighted, as well as the challenges astronauts will face in space due to the limited opportunity for emotional relationships. The need to develop innovative solutions, such as sex robots and the use of virtual reality to meet these needs, is analysed. The potential benefits and challenges of using virtual reality in space are compared with those of sex robots. We conclude by emphasising the importance of carefully considering astronauts' preferences and the operational context so as to determine the most appropriate technology to support their sexual needs in space.

本文探讨了虚拟现实技术和性爱机器人在解决从事太空任务的宇航员的性需求方面的作用。强调了性活动对身心健康的积极影响，以及由于情感关系机会有限，宇航员在太空中将面临的挑战。分析了开发创新解决方案的必要性，例如性爱机器人和使用虚拟现实来满足这些需求。与性爱机器人相比，在太空中使用虚拟现实的潜在好处和挑战。最后，我们强调仔细考虑宇航员的偏好和操作环境的重要性，以便确定最合适的技术来支持他们在太空中的性需求。

引用次数: 0

Twitter & world literature: The development of hashtag communities as a global writing practice 推特与世界文学：作为全球写作实践的标签社区的发展

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.02.001

Christian Howard-Sukhil

As a popular writing form, Twitter / X literature (“Twitter Literature”) seems to have come and gone without leaving a lasting impression, and even the use of Twitter by well-known writers reached its peak in the early to mid-2010s. Around this same time, a number of scholars hailed the advent of Twitter literature as the next big thing, and they began analyzing the unique structures and affordances of this new literary form. Yet as Simone Murray aptly puts it, the failure of these “predictions to come to pass is not reason to abandon the question of the digital's significance for literary culture.” Instead, Murray understands these failed predictions as examples of scholarly overreaching, and she urges that scholars of contemporary digital literature “provide better answers… attentive to the varied and sometimes contradictory permutations of contemporary digital culture.” As part of this effort to “provide better answers,” this article calls attention to the development of a new, global form of discourse that transcends social media publishing platforms: the hashtag.

The hashtag is a new symbol used in a performative act that calls into being a global community even as it stands as a descriptive signifier of a given text. This article examines the rhetoric and signification of the hashtag as a politically-inflected, transformative writing practice, specifically using the hashtag as a way of understanding the ambiguous writing practices developing on Twitter. By focusing particularly on the amateur writing community on Twitter, I analyze how this community has deployed hashtags to grow a global audience, advance political discussions, and circulate across linguistic borders, thereby creating a new kind of world literature independent of traditional and post-press publishing regulations.

作为一种流行的写作形式，Twitter / X文学（“Twitter文学”）似乎来来去去都没有留下持久的印象，甚至知名作家对Twitter的使用也在2010年代早期到中期达到了顶峰。大约在同一时期，一些学者欢呼推特文学的出现是下一个大事件，他们开始分析这种新的文学形式的独特结构和启示。然而，正如西蒙娜·默里（Simone Murray）恰如其分地指出的那样，这些“预言的失败并不能成为放弃数字对文学文化意义问题的理由。”相反，默里把这些失败的预测理解为学术越界的例子，她敦促当代数字文学的学者“提供更好的答案……关注当代数字文化的各种变化，有时甚至是相互矛盾的排列。”作为“提供更好答案”努力的一部分，本文呼吁人们关注一种超越社交媒体发布平台的新型全球话语形式的发展：标签。话题标签是一种新的符号，在一种表演行为中使用，即使它是给定文本的描述性能指，也能唤起全球社区。本文考察了标签作为一种政治变化的、变革性的写作实践的修辞和意义，特别是使用标签作为理解Twitter上发展的模糊写作实践的一种方式。通过特别关注Twitter上的业余写作社区，我分析了这个社区如何利用标签来扩大全球受众，推进政治讨论，并跨越语言边界传播，从而创造了一种独立于传统和后新闻出版法规的新型世界文学。

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引用次数: 0

Introduction: Aesthetics of new technological humanities 导言：新技术人文美学

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.03.001

Youngmin Kim , Jørgen Bruhn

In the age of digital technology, world literature with its networks of texts from different eras addresses global and transcultural themes in rhizomatic webs of texts, images, and sounds that circulate beyond its culture of origin. Literary text files, artistic images, and other cultural materials are stored, retrieved, and classified into digitized networks, and then transformed into computerized datasets. The intrinsic potential of the medium becomes transformative, and transmedia art is exposed to the very rapidly transforming material conditions of technology itself. Then, in what ways may the arts and literature make use of the “technological breakthrough” to inspire new forms of creativity, thought, and ethical behavior? How can we interpret world literature, transmedia, and digital humanities in this age of eco-technological feedback loops? This paper attempts to provide an answer by arguing that recent trends have shed light on the aesthetic value and future of “the humanities” by highlighting the unique interactions between literature, media, and digital technology in terms of “convergence” and “intermediality,” revealing the aesthetics of new technological humanities.

在数字技术时代，世界文学及其来自不同时代的文本网络在文本、图像和声音的根状网络中解决了全球和跨文化主题，这些主题超越了其起源文化。文学文本文件、艺术图像和其他文化材料被存储、检索和分类到数字化网络中，然后转化为计算机化的数据集。媒介的内在潜力变得具有变革性，跨媒体艺术暴露在技术本身非常迅速变化的物质条件下。那么，艺术和文学如何利用“技术突破”来激发新形式的创造力、思想和道德行为呢？在这个生态技术反馈循环的时代，我们如何解读世界文学、跨媒体和数字人文？本文试图给出答案，认为最近的趋势通过强调文学、媒体和数字技术在“趋同”和“中介”方面的独特互动，揭示了新技术人文主义的美学，从而揭示了“人文”的美学价值和未来。

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引用次数: 0

Considering caring as a safeguard in artificial intelligence 将关爱视为人工智能的保障

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.01.002

Russell Suereth

The focus of this research is to consider whether a safeguard of caring can be designed into an artificial intelligent system. According to movies, books, and research experts, a superintelligence could harm humans in devastating ways. The purpose of safeguards is to keep such harmful situations from happening. The problem with safeguards in AI is that they are challenging to design. This article considers whether caring can be a safeguard in AI. It examines caring in our human world and how it has been vital to our existence. It also considers what caring could look like in AI and how we could begin to think about designing care in these systems. Additionally, it provides an overview of the LIDA cognitive architecture as a model for designing care in AI systems. The article employs a methodology focusing on a caring frame of mind and a caring environment for our work and research. This article contributes to the current research by creating a greater awareness of care as a safeguard and establishing an initial step toward designing care in AI. It shows that care is an essential aspect of our interactions with the world and how care can be a safeguard in AI.

本研究的重点是考虑是否可以将护理保障设计成人工智能系统。根据电影、书籍和研究专家的说法，超级智能可能会以毁灭性的方式伤害人类。保障措施的目的是防止这种有害情况的发生。AI中的安全措施的问题在于它们的设计具有挑战性。这篇文章考虑了关怀是否可以成为人工智能的一种保障。它探讨了人类世界中的关怀，以及它对我们的生存是如何至关重要的。它还考虑了人工智能中的护理可能是什么样子，以及我们如何开始考虑在这些系统中设计护理。此外，它还概述了LIDA认知架构作为人工智能系统中设计护理的模型。本文采用的方法侧重于关心的心态和关心的环境，我们的工作和研究。这篇文章对当前的研究做出了贡献，它让人们意识到护理是一种保障，并为设计人工智能中的护理迈出了第一步。它表明，护理是我们与世界互动的一个重要方面，以及护理如何成为人工智能的保障。

引用次数: 0

The humanity of the non-human –– Themes of artificial subjectivity in Ishiguro's Klara and the Sun 非人类的人性——石黑一雄《克拉拉与太阳》中人为主体性的主题

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2023.11.001

Oliver Li, Johan Eddebo

In this article we discuss themes of artificial subjectivity in Ishiguro's novel Klara and the Sun. We first present a thematic overview, and some reflections upon subjectivity. The analysis proceeds in four steps pertaining to perspectives on artificial subjectivity and the narrative construction of human dignity: (1) who is human, (2) where does the heart lie, (3) the dialectical creation of the heart, and (4) reflections on subjectivity and personhood. Finally, we summarize the views suggested and emphasize their relevance to society's understanding of humanity and the non-human. We also conclude that relational ontologies are more suitable to understand subjectivity and personhood, in particular in cases of interaction between the human and non-human.

本文探讨了石黑一雄小说《克拉拉与太阳》中人为主体性的主题。我们首先提出一个专题概述，以及对主体性的一些思考。分析分四个步骤进行，涉及对人为主体性和人类尊严的叙事构建的观点：(1)谁是人；(2)心在哪里；(3)心的辩证创造；(4)对主体性和人格的反思。最后，我们总结了建议的观点，并强调了它们与社会对人性和非人类的理解的相关性。我们还得出结论，关系本体论更适合于理解主体性和人格，特别是在人类和非人类之间相互作用的情况下。

引用次数: 0

Blogs, tweets, and Insta: Digital paratexts in the postcolonial cultural industry 博客、推特和 Insta：后殖民文化产业中的数字副词

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.05.003

Roopika Risam

Exploring the work of Hanif Kureishi, Amitav Ghosh, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Teju Cole, and nayyirah waheed, this essay examines digital parataxis in the work of South Asian and Black diaspora writers. These writers create content on social media to engage audiences in complex ways, not exclusively motivated by marketing and literary celebrity. The social media content they produce are best understood as digital paratexts that become new, essential texts of their oeuvres and identities, irreducible to market logics and creating inroads with audiences in and beyond the postcolonial cultural industry. Through their work, this essay offers a framework for understanding the digital paratexts that postcolonial writers are producing as an integral part of world literature.

本文探讨了Hanif Kureishi、Amitav Ghosh、Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie、Teju Cole和nayyirah waheed的作品，探讨了南亚和黑人散居作家作品中的数字协同。这些作家在社交媒体上创作内容，以复杂的方式吸引观众，而不仅仅是出于营销和文学名人的动机。他们生产的社交媒体内容最好被理解为数字文本，成为他们作品和身份的新基本文本，不可简化为市场逻辑，并在后殖民文化产业内外与观众建立联系。通过他们的工作，本文为理解后殖民作家作为世界文学不可分割的一部分所产生的数字文本提供了一个框架。

引用次数: 0

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中缺少竞争利益声明的勘误表

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.06.003

引用次数: 0

The problem of tropospheric temperature trend measurements for global climate models: Complex versus direct empiricism 全球气候模式对流层温度趋势测量的问题：复杂与直接经验主义

New Techno-Humanities

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.techum.2024.06.002

Robert Hudson

The troposphere temperature controversy concerns an empirical problem facing global climate models (GCMs), that the (tropical) troposphere is not warming as fast as predicted by these models according to observations made by a group of climate scientists – John Christy and colleagues – located at the University of Alabama Huntsville (UAH). Elizabeth Lloyd argues that the UAH data, which conflict with GCM predictions, have been definitively discredited by a competing group of climate scientists, Ben Santer and colleagues, in a paper written in 2008. She also argues that Christy and colleagues make fundamental philosophical errors that undermine their empirical results. I argue that Lloyd's criticism is mistaken, both in terms of her assessment of the scientific value of the UAH data and in terms of her philosophical assessment of the reasoning Christy and colleagues use in support of this data. Contrary to Lloyd's assessment, Santor and colleagues have not definitively repudiated the UAH data, nor do they claim as such. Moreover, she misconstrues Christy and colleagues as philosophically committed to a direct empiricist viewpoint. As a result, I claim that the troposphere temperature controversy remains unsolved and continues to pose a potential problem for contemporary GCMs.

对流层温度争议涉及全球气候模型（GCMs）面临的一个经验问题，即（热带）对流层的变暖速度没有这些模型根据阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校（UAH）的气候科学家John Christy及其同事的观察所预测的那样快。伊丽莎白·劳埃德（Elizabeth Lloyd）在2008年撰写的一篇论文中指出，UAH的数据与GCM的预测相冲突，已经被一组气候科学家——本·桑特（Ben Santer）和他的同事——所质疑。她还认为，克里斯蒂及其同事犯了根本性的哲学错误，破坏了他们的实证结果。我认为劳埃德的批评是错误的，无论是从她对UAH数据的科学价值的评估，还是从她对克里斯蒂及其同事用来支持这些数据的推理的哲学评估来看。与Lloyd的评估相反，Santor及其同事并没有明确否认UAH的数据，他们也没有这样宣称。此外，她误解克里斯蒂及其同事在哲学上致力于直接经验主义观点。因此，我认为对流层温度的争论仍然没有得到解决，并继续对当代gcm构成潜在的问题。

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