LiZr2(PO4)3 has garnered widespread interest as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries. However, its Li ionic conductivity remains insufficient for practical use. Although attempts have been made to improve the Li ionic conductivity by doping with cations and controlling the synthesis conditions, the exploration space is vast, and optimisation remains challenging. In this study, the amount of dopants and heating conditions for Li1+x+2yCayZr2-ySixP3-xO12 co-doped with Ca2+ and Si4+ were optimised via experimental synthesis, evaluation, and Bayesian optimisation (BO) cycles. The BO technique suggests the next experimental samples in each cycle and reduces the number of experimental cycles by almost 80 % compared with an exhaustive search. In addition, the experimental results were subjected to machine-learning regression analysis to analyse the factors affecting the Li-ion conductivity.
{"title":"Experimental data-driven efficient exploration of the composition and process conditions of Li-rich NASICON-type solid electrolytes","authors":"Hayami Takeda , Kento Murakami , Yudai Yamaguchi , Hiroko Fukuda , Naoto Tanibata , Masanobu Nakayama , Takaaki Natori , Yasuharu Ono , Naohiko Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LiZr<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> has garnered widespread interest as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries. However, its Li ionic conductivity remains insufficient for practical use. Although attempts have been made to improve the Li ionic conductivity by doping with cations and controlling the synthesis conditions, the exploration space is vast, and optimisation remains challenging. In this study, the amount of dopants and heating conditions for Li<sub>1+x+2y</sub>Ca<sub>y</sub>Zr<sub>2-y</sub>Si<sub>x</sub>P<sub>3-x</sub>O<sub>12</sub> co-doped with Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Si<sup>4+</sup> were optimised via experimental synthesis, evaluation, and Bayesian optimisation (BO) cycles. The BO technique suggests the next experimental samples in each cycle and reduces the number of experimental cycles by almost 80 % compared with an exhaustive search. In addition, the experimental results were subjected to machine-learning regression analysis to analyse the factors affecting the Li-ion conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100569
Devanshi Zala, Abhijit Ray
Tin (IV) sulfide (SnS2) is an inexpensive direct band gap semiconductor and layered structure with great potential in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. Among other sulfides of tin (e.g., SnS, Sn2S3etc.), SnS2 is thermodynamically more stable than others. However, the development of the cost-effective, high-yield, and additive-free synthesis of SnS2 nanostructures with enriched photocatalytic properties remains a challenge. Herein, we report the additive-free hydrothermal synthesis of SnS2 nanosheets in a non-aqueous medium. The nanostructures and film grown on FTO substrate were annealed at 250°C in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain more compact and highly crystalline nanosheets. The photocatalytic performance of the nanostructures is evaluated by the photo-degradation of Methylene Blue dye under simulated solar light. A 98 % dye degradation is achieved within 60 min under solar visible light with 5 mg/ 50 ml SnS2 photocatalyst present in the dispersion. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of the annealed SnS2 nanostructures are attributed to their novel quasi-two-dimensional morphologies and superior semiconducting properties tuned by thermal treatment.
{"title":"Additive-free hydrothermal synthesis of SnS2 nanostructures and its enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance under visible solar light","authors":"Devanshi Zala, Abhijit Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tin (IV) sulfide (SnS<sub>2</sub>) is an inexpensive direct band gap semiconductor and layered structure with great potential in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. Among other sulfides of tin (<em>e.g.</em>, SnS, Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> <em>etc.</em>), SnS<sub>2</sub> is thermodynamically more stable than others. However, the development of the cost-effective, high-yield, and additive-free synthesis of SnS<sub>2</sub> nanostructures with enriched photocatalytic properties remains a challenge. Herein, we report the additive-free hydrothermal synthesis of SnS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets in a non-aqueous medium. The nanostructures and film grown on FTO substrate were annealed at 250°C in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain more compact and highly crystalline nanosheets. The photocatalytic performance of the nanostructures is evaluated by the photo-degradation of Methylene Blue dye under simulated solar light. A 98 % dye degradation is achieved within 60 min under solar visible light with 5 mg/ 50 ml SnS<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst present in the dispersion. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of the annealed SnS<sub>2</sub> nanostructures are attributed to their novel quasi-two-dimensional morphologies and superior semiconducting properties tuned by thermal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100556
Sunil T. Galatage , Arehalli S. Manjappa , Kameswara Rao Sankula , Sameer J. Nadaf , Nagineni Sudarshan Rao , Sushma N , Sailaja Gunnam , P. Shyamsundar , Rahul J. Kadam , K. Gourisankar , Potti Lakshmanarao , Mallikarjuna Reddy Kaipu
Background
The quest to improve the effectiveness of anti-breast cancer medicines has diverted the researchers to explore a topical administration of drugs onto the breast. The different parts of Acacia senegal plant (ASP) have showed promising anticancer effects but with marred efficacy. Present research was aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize ASP root and stem bark extract (ASPE)-loaded ethosomes (ASPE-ETH) as carriers for improved topical treatment of breast cancer. Ethosomes were formulated and optimized using 32 factorial design. Optimized ASPE-ETH was evaluated for vesicle size, zeta potential, in vitro skin permeation, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and live deal cell assay etc.
Results
ASPE-ETH appeared as unilamellar nano-vesicles (219 ± 7 nm) with nearly round in shape and had zeta potential of 32.1 ± 2.43 mV. ASPE-ETH demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50: 47.68 ± 1.83 µg/mL) than ASPE (184.3 ± 3.68 µg/mL) against MCF-7 Cells. Compared to ASPE, ASPE-ETH treatment caused apoptosis of large proportion of cancer cells. The above results could be correlated to the increased cell uptake of ASPE-ETH as shown by in vitro cell uptake study. Furthermore, the in-vitro skin permeation study results revealed enhanced penetration of ASPE-ETH into the deeper layers of the skin.
Conclusion
The study results revealed that ASPE-ETH could be used as a potential alternative treatment approach to conventional chemotherapy. However; further in vivo animal studies are required to establish its efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer.
{"title":"Development and characterization of ethosomes of Acacia senegal for improved topical treatment of breast cancer","authors":"Sunil T. Galatage , Arehalli S. Manjappa , Kameswara Rao Sankula , Sameer J. Nadaf , Nagineni Sudarshan Rao , Sushma N , Sailaja Gunnam , P. Shyamsundar , Rahul J. Kadam , K. Gourisankar , Potti Lakshmanarao , Mallikarjuna Reddy Kaipu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The quest to improve the effectiveness of anti-breast cancer medicines has diverted the researchers to explore a topical administration of drugs onto the breast. The different parts of <em>Acacia senegal</em> plant (ASP) have showed promising anticancer effects but with marred efficacy. Present research was aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize ASP root and stem bark extract (ASPE)-loaded ethosomes (ASPE-ETH) as carriers for improved topical treatment of breast cancer. Ethosomes were formulated and optimized using 3<sup>2</sup> factorial design. Optimized ASPE-ETH was evaluated for vesicle size, zeta potential, <em>in vitro</em> skin permeation, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and live deal cell assay <em>etc</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ASPE-ETH appeared as unilamellar nano-vesicles (219 ± 7 nm) with nearly round in shape and had zeta potential of 32.1 ± 2.43 mV. ASPE-ETH demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity (IC<sub>50</sub>: 47.68 ± 1.83 µg/mL) than ASPE (184.3 ± 3.68 µg/mL) against MCF-7 Cells. Compared to ASPE, ASPE-ETH treatment caused apoptosis of large proportion of cancer cells. The above results could be correlated to the increased cell uptake of ASPE-ETH as shown by <em>in vitro</em> cell uptake study. Furthermore, the <em>in-vitro</em> skin permeation study results revealed enhanced penetration of ASPE-ETH into the deeper layers of the skin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study results revealed that ASPE-ETH could be used as a potential alternative treatment approach to conventional chemotherapy. However; further <em>in vivo</em> animal studies are required to establish its efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100578
M.A. Bukhari , Syed Muhammad Zubair Shah Bukhari , M.I. Khan
This work described an in-depth comparative study of photocatalytic potential of Tin Tungsten oxide that synthesized by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods for degrading dyes from water, hydrogen production, and investigating the differences in their properties by applying advanced characterizing techniques. XRD confirmed the crystal structures, SEM described their morphologies, FT-IR and UV-Vis showed the existence of SnWO4 functional bonding and optical properties. Optical absorption capabilities, surface area, and carrier mobility effect the photocatalytic activities and water splitting. SnWO4-SG showed good results during water splitting and hydrogen production and SnWO4-SG method often yields materials with higher crystallinity and fewer defects, facilitating improved charge carrier mobility crucial for photocatalytic applications. Surface properties are also positively influenced, as sol-gel process modified surface hydroxyl groups and active sites, enhancing reactant adsorption and promoting better electron-hole separation. Over five consecutive cycles, SnWO4 showed above 90 % efficiency of degradation.
{"title":"Efficient photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes using SnWO4 for wastewater treatment","authors":"M.A. Bukhari , Syed Muhammad Zubair Shah Bukhari , M.I. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work described an in-depth comparative study of photocatalytic potential of Tin Tungsten oxide that synthesized by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods for degrading dyes from water, hydrogen production, and investigating the differences in their properties by applying advanced characterizing techniques. XRD confirmed the crystal structures, SEM described their morphologies, FT-IR and UV-Vis showed the existence of SnWO<sub>4</sub> functional bonding and optical properties. Optical absorption capabilities, surface area, and carrier mobility effect the photocatalytic activities and water splitting. SnWO<sub>4</sub>-SG showed good results during water splitting and hydrogen production and SnWO<sub>4</sub>-SG method often yields materials with higher crystallinity and fewer defects, facilitating improved charge carrier mobility crucial for photocatalytic applications. Surface properties are also positively influenced, as sol-gel process modified surface hydroxyl groups and active sites, enhancing reactant adsorption and promoting better electron-hole separation. Over five consecutive cycles, SnWO<sub>4</sub> showed above 90 % efficiency of degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100566
V. Gopala Krishna , G. Phaneendra Reddy , N. Revathi , K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy
Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is one of the novel semiconductors that has gained significant interest in recent years for the development of solar photovoltaics. The present work reports a comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical properties of chemical bath deposited (CBD) Bi2S3 films upon sulfurization in relation to sulfurization temperature. The as-grown Bi2S3 films were subjected to sulfurization at temperatures ranging from 250 °C to 400 °C for a duration of one hour. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the (130) plane as the predominant orientation for all sulfurized layers, which exhibited the orthorhombic crystal structure. Films prepared at 350 °C showed large crystallites with minimum lattice strain and dislocation density. Raman spectra exhibited three major peaks that correspond to the Ag and B1g vibrational modes of Bi2S3 with a space group of Pbnm. The films exhibited a rough surface morphology that increased with increasing sulfurization temperature. Energy dispersive spectroscopy study confirmed the nearly stoichiometric composition of Bi and S, whereas the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of Bi3+ and S2− oxidation states. With increasing sulfurization temperature, the optical band gap values decreased from 1.66 eV to 1.37 eV, which closely aligns with optimal absorber layer requirements. Hall effect measurements revealed p-type conductivity, with the lowest resistivity value 0.24 Ω.cm at Ts = 350 °C. The Bi2S3 films sulfurized at 350 °C exhibited good structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties that are highly suitable for absorber layers in thin-film solar cells in a cost-effective manner.
{"title":"Comprehensive physical and chemical properties of sulfurized Bi2S3 films prepared by CBD process","authors":"V. Gopala Krishna , G. Phaneendra Reddy , N. Revathi , K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bismuth sulfide (Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>) is one of the novel semiconductors that has gained significant interest in recent years for the development of solar photovoltaics. The present work reports a comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical properties of chemical bath deposited (CBD) Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> films upon sulfurization in relation to sulfurization temperature. The as-grown Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> films were subjected to sulfurization at temperatures ranging from 250 °C to 400 °C for a duration of one hour. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the (130) plane as the predominant orientation for all sulfurized layers, which exhibited the orthorhombic crystal structure. Films prepared at 350 °C showed large crystallites with minimum lattice strain and dislocation density. Raman spectra exhibited three major peaks that correspond to the A<sub>g</sub> and B<sub>1</sub><sub>g</sub> vibrational modes of Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> with a space group of Pbnm. The films exhibited a rough surface morphology that increased with increasing sulfurization temperature. Energy dispersive spectroscopy study confirmed the nearly stoichiometric composition of Bi and S, whereas the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of Bi<sup>3+</sup> and S<sup>2</sup><sup>−</sup> oxidation states. With increasing sulfurization temperature, the optical band gap values decreased from 1.66 eV to 1.37 eV, which closely aligns with optimal absorber layer requirements. Hall effect measurements revealed p-type conductivity, with the lowest resistivity value 0.24 Ω.cm at T<sub>s</sub> = 350 °C. The Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> films sulfurized at 350 °C exhibited good structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties that are highly suitable for absorber layers in thin-film solar cells in a cost-effective manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100563
Xiaodi Jia, Shujie Jiao, Song Yang, Zehao Shi, Penghui Wang, Dongbo Wang, Shiyong Gao, Jinzhong Wang
The self-powered photodetectors (PDs), characterized by their simple structure, low energy consumption and portability, are well-suited for meeting the needs of intelligent, wearable, mobile and portable electronic devices, showing promising potential in optoelectronics. A higher built-in electric field in the heterojunction is an advantageous condition for the excellent performance of self-powered PDs. Apart from choosing suitable materials to construct higher built-in electric field, utilization of the pyro-phototronic effect of materials can greatly tune up the built-in electric field. Additionally, the ferro-pyro-phototronic effect and the pyro-piezo-phototronic effect can further improve the performance of the self-powered PDs. Perovskite materials, as a star optoelectronic material, are widely used in self-powered PDs. In this review, we explore advancements in perovskite-based PDs, driven by the pyro-phototronic effect, aiming to offer novel insights and spur innovation in the realm of high-performance self-powered optoelectronics.
{"title":"Pyro-phototronic effect enhanced self-powered photodetectors: A review on perovskite materials","authors":"Xiaodi Jia, Shujie Jiao, Song Yang, Zehao Shi, Penghui Wang, Dongbo Wang, Shiyong Gao, Jinzhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The self-powered photodetectors (PDs), characterized by their simple structure, low energy consumption and portability, are well-suited for meeting the needs of intelligent, wearable, mobile and portable electronic devices, showing promising potential in optoelectronics. A higher built-in electric field in the heterojunction is an advantageous condition for the excellent performance of self-powered PDs. Apart from choosing suitable materials to construct higher built-in electric field, utilization of the pyro-phototronic effect of materials can greatly tune up the built-in electric field. Additionally, the ferro-pyro-phototronic effect and the pyro-piezo-phototronic effect can further improve the performance of the self-powered PDs. Perovskite materials, as a star optoelectronic material, are widely used in self-powered PDs. In this review, we explore advancements in perovskite-based PDs, driven by the pyro-phototronic effect, aiming to offer novel insights and spur innovation in the realm of high-performance self-powered optoelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100572
Qiulong Gao , Jinxia Hu , Dong Pei , Zhangpeng Li , Jinqing Wang , Shengrong Yang
Research on the chemical structures and physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is crucial to develop high-performance DES-based lubricating materials for solving tribological problem, including friction and wear. Herein, a series of boric acid-based DESs (B-DESs) were synthesized using choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptor, HBA) and sorbitol/boric acid (hydrogen bond donors, HBDs) through a simple heating-stirring method. The experimental investigations and quantum chemistry calculation demonstrated that B-DESs exhibited optimized chemical structures, favorable rheological properties, low melting points (below −61.6 °C), high thermostability (with decomposition temperatures exceeding 282 °C), and biocompatibility. As lubricants, they showed exceptional tribological performance, achieving macroscale superlubricity with a friction coefficient of ∼0.0088 and excellent anti-wear properties on polyoxymethylene substrates even under high-load conditions. The exceptional lubrication performance was attributed to synergetic lubrication between the fluid nature of B-DESs and the self-lubrication property of the substrates, as well as the potential formation of lubricating films at the tribo-interface. This study introduces a novel and straightforward approach for synthesizing green and high-performance DES-based liquid superlubricity materials, and offering significant potential in bio-lubrication applications.
{"title":"Design and synthesis of boric acid-based deep eutectic solvents for green liquid superlubricity and bio-lubrication applications","authors":"Qiulong Gao , Jinxia Hu , Dong Pei , Zhangpeng Li , Jinqing Wang , Shengrong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the chemical structures and physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is crucial to develop high-performance DES-based lubricating materials for solving tribological problem, including friction and wear. Herein, a series of boric acid-based DESs (B-DESs) were synthesized using choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptor, HBA) and sorbitol/boric acid (hydrogen bond donors, HBDs) through a simple heating-stirring method. The experimental investigations and quantum chemistry calculation demonstrated that B-DESs exhibited optimized chemical structures, favorable rheological properties, low melting points (below −61.6 °C), high thermostability (with decomposition temperatures exceeding 282 °C), and biocompatibility. As lubricants, they showed exceptional tribological performance, achieving macroscale superlubricity with a friction coefficient of ∼0.0088 and excellent anti-wear properties on polyoxymethylene substrates even under high-load conditions. The exceptional lubrication performance was attributed to synergetic lubrication between the fluid nature of B-DESs and the self-lubrication property of the substrates, as well as the potential formation of lubricating films at the tribo-interface. This study introduces a novel and straightforward approach for synthesizing green and high-performance DES-based liquid superlubricity materials, and offering significant potential in bio-lubrication applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100576
J.Q. Yao , Y.S. Wang , X.W. Liu , X.F. Chen , S.M. Chen , L. Hu , H.T. Liu , Y.H. Qian , Y. Cheng , B. Song , C.Z. Yan , Y.S. Shi
Wire-feed laser directed energy deposition (WLDED) additive manufacturing technology, which utilizes a wire alloy, offers a high material utilization rate and produces less pollution, making it ideal for efficiently processing large components. However, the conventional paraxial wire feeding method faces challenges, such as inadequate coupling between the laser and the wire, as well as limited flexibility of the processing head when creating complex parts. This study introduces a new multi-laser beam coaxial wire feeding device designed to fabricate and analyze the high-strength and high-toughness TC11 titanium alloy, frequently used in critical load-bearing aerospace components. By optimizing process parameters like wire feeding speed (WFS) and travel speed (TS), formability was improved with WFS set at 500 mm/min and TS at 4 mm/s. The findings show that the microstructural changes in various regions and the mechanical properties in the typical direction can be significantly influenced by the use of coaxial WLDED with specific thermal gradient (G) and solidification rate (R) characteristics, along with particular laser-wire coupling positions. The combined effects of a lower thermal gradient and heterogeneous nucleation, resulting from coaxial wire feeding, are essential in refining the microstructure of materials used in coaxial WLDED. As a result, the fundamental mechanisms underlying microstructural evolution and the improvement of tensile properties through multi-laser beam WLDED with a coaxial processing head have been elucidated.
{"title":"Multi laser beams directed energy deposition of a high-strength and high-toughness TC11 titanium alloy with coaxial wire feeding","authors":"J.Q. Yao , Y.S. Wang , X.W. Liu , X.F. Chen , S.M. Chen , L. Hu , H.T. Liu , Y.H. Qian , Y. Cheng , B. Song , C.Z. Yan , Y.S. Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wire-feed laser directed energy deposition (WLDED) additive manufacturing technology, which utilizes a wire alloy, offers a high material utilization rate and produces less pollution, making it ideal for efficiently processing large components. However, the conventional paraxial wire feeding method faces challenges, such as inadequate coupling between the laser and the wire, as well as limited flexibility of the processing head when creating complex parts. This study introduces a new multi-laser beam coaxial wire feeding device designed to fabricate and analyze the high-strength and high-toughness TC11 titanium alloy, frequently used in critical load-bearing aerospace components. By optimizing process parameters like wire feeding speed (WFS) and travel speed (TS), formability was improved with WFS set at 500 mm/min and TS at 4 mm/s. The findings show that the microstructural changes in various regions and the mechanical properties in the typical direction can be significantly influenced by the use of coaxial WLDED with specific thermal gradient (G) and solidification rate (R) characteristics, along with particular laser-wire coupling positions. The combined effects of a lower thermal gradient and heterogeneous nucleation, resulting from coaxial wire feeding, are essential in refining the microstructure of materials used in coaxial WLDED. As a result, the fundamental mechanisms underlying microstructural evolution and the improvement of tensile properties through multi-laser beam WLDED with a coaxial processing head have been elucidated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100567
Hugo Leonardo André Genier , Juliano Elvis de Oliveira , Sthefania Ferreira dos Santos , Julia Carvalho Araújo , Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares
Alternatives to the use of chemical products traditionally used to combat agricultural pests and diseases have been a concern for society. Thus, based to sustainable agriculture, the use of enzymes has grown as an alternative to the control with traditional. However, some limitations prevent greater effectiveness of action of these important biological catalysts, such as variations in pH and temperature, the presence of inhibitory ions, among others. In this study, papain, a plant enzyme, was incorporated into chitosan hydrogels by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde at different concentrations (0; 0,25 %; 0,5 %; 0,75 %; 1 %). The results of scanning electron microscopy showed a difference in the porous morphology of the different treatments compared to chitosan without crosslinking and the FTIR analysis suggests crosslink formation in the hydrogels. The enzymatic activity of free papain was reduced by approximately 57 % of the initial value. On the outher hand, the results indicate that the activity of the enzyme released from some hydrogels increased and the diffusion of papain probably occurred in the solution from the surface of the formed chitosan hydrogels, represented by a parabolic diffusion model. The mortality of Panagrellus sp., a model nematode, was evaluated and the treatments with hydrogels demonstrated high mortality of Panagrellus sp. above 80 % after 5 days. The hydrogels containing papain were effective in the mortality of the nematodes evaluated and constituted a slow release system, sustainable environmentally, as it has the potential to reduce the number of applications needed to control pests and diseases in agriculture.
{"title":"Controlled release of papain encapsulated in chitosan hydrogels and study of nematicidal action on Panagrellus sp.","authors":"Hugo Leonardo André Genier , Juliano Elvis de Oliveira , Sthefania Ferreira dos Santos , Julia Carvalho Araújo , Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternatives to the use of chemical products traditionally used to combat agricultural pests and diseases have been a concern for society. Thus, based to sustainable agriculture, the use of enzymes has grown as an alternative to the control with traditional. However, some limitations prevent greater effectiveness of action of these important biological catalysts, such as variations in pH and temperature, the presence of inhibitory ions, among others. In this study, papain, a plant enzyme, was incorporated into chitosan hydrogels by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde at different concentrations (0; 0,25 %; 0,5 %; 0,75 %; 1 %). The results of scanning electron microscopy showed a difference in the porous morphology of the different treatments compared to chitosan without crosslinking and the FTIR analysis suggests crosslink formation in the hydrogels. The enzymatic activity of free papain was reduced by approximately 57 % of the initial value. On the outher hand, the results indicate that the activity of the enzyme released from some hydrogels increased and the diffusion of papain probably occurred in the solution from the surface of the formed chitosan hydrogels, represented by a parabolic diffusion model. The mortality of <em>Panagrellus</em> sp., a model nematode, was evaluated and the treatments with hydrogels demonstrated high mortality of <em>Panagrellus</em> sp. above 80 % after 5 days. The hydrogels containing papain were effective in the mortality of the nematodes evaluated and constituted a slow release system, sustainable environmentally, as it has the potential to reduce the number of applications needed to control pests and diseases in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100562
M.S.S.R. Tejaswini , Pankaj Pathak
The present study employs the Taguchi statistical design for optimizing the photodegradation process of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films by varying five significant parameters i.e., catalyst loading (%), exposure time (in days), pH, size of the films (cm x cm), and temperature (℃), simultaneously to determine the maximum photodegradation on LDPE. The physiochemical, morphological, and molecular structural changes were observed in all-nanocomposite (LDPE and catalyst samples) before and after degradation. One way-ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) results demonstrated that catalyst loading, and exposure time were the most influential factors and contributed 65 % and 25 %, respectively to determine the degradation rate. Further, a kinetic study was performed to determine the photo-degradation rate, and it follows first-order photo-kinetics model. The maximum photodegradation was observed for that LDPE sample that was loaded with 12 % catalyst with a pH of 6 at 45°C that was exposed to the UV light for 10 days in a photoreactor, it degraded most efficiently with a weight loss of 16.25 %. Additionally, recyclability studies confirmed that stability and reusability of TiO2 as a photocatalyst for carrying out degradation experiments upto three consecutive cycles. Moreover, there is a high co-relation between predicted and experimental data with R2> 0.96, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the prediction with the maximum degradation of LDPE film.
{"title":"Optimizing the photodegradation process of low-density polyethylene using Taguchi's robust statistical design","authors":"M.S.S.R. Tejaswini , Pankaj Pathak","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study employs the Taguchi statistical design for optimizing the photodegradation process of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films by varying five significant parameters i.e., catalyst loading (%), exposure time (in days), pH, size of the films (cm x cm), and temperature (℃), simultaneously to determine the maximum photodegradation on LDPE. The physiochemical, morphological, and molecular structural changes were observed in all-nanocomposite (LDPE and catalyst samples) before and after degradation. One way-ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) results demonstrated that catalyst loading, and exposure time were the most influential factors and contributed 65 % and 25 %, respectively to determine the degradation rate. Further, a kinetic study was performed to determine the photo-degradation rate, and it follows first-order photo-kinetics model. The maximum photodegradation was observed for that LDPE sample that was loaded with 12 % catalyst with a pH of 6 at 45°C that was exposed to the UV light for 10 days in a photoreactor, it degraded most efficiently with a weight loss of 16.25 %. Additionally, recyclability studies confirmed that stability and reusability of TiO<sub>2</sub> as a photocatalyst for carrying out degradation experiments upto three consecutive cycles. Moreover, there is a high co-relation between predicted and experimental data with R<sup>2</sup>> 0.96, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the prediction with the maximum degradation of LDPE film.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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