Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100412
Yaorui Hao , Yuyang Han , Xiao Huang , Fen Wang , Hongjie Luo
In nature, organisms or non-organisms have produced brilliant structural colors in the process of evolution. The structural color remains stable and will not produce chemical pollution. Among them, short-range ordered amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) have a lower angle dependence than ordered photonic crystals (PhCs), that is, the color of APCs hardly alters with the viewing angle. This feature provides APCs a unique advantage in wide-viewing display and anti-counterfeiting. The lack of long-range order of APCs has unusual electronic, mechanical, and lattice dynamic properties, which has recently attracted the attention of researchers in fields including materials science, chemistry, physics, and biolog. Based on this, this study summarizes the research on APCs structural coloring in recent years. Firstly, we introduce the natural examples of APCs and the principles of the interaction between light and APCs. Then, various bottom-up self-assembly methods for synthesizing colloidal amorphous arrays and how to modify colloidal particles to achieve different colors are highlighted. Moreover, the applications in different scenarios are also briefly introduced. Additionally, the existing problems in the preparation and application of APCs and their potential development are analyzed and discussed.
{"title":"Research progress of amorphous photonic crystals prepared by self-assembly","authors":"Yaorui Hao , Yuyang Han , Xiao Huang , Fen Wang , Hongjie Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nature, organisms or non-organisms have produced brilliant structural colors in the process of evolution. The structural color remains stable and will not produce chemical pollution. Among them, short-range ordered amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) have a lower angle dependence than ordered photonic crystals (PhCs), that is, the color of APCs hardly alters with the viewing angle. This feature provides APCs a unique advantage in wide-viewing display and anti-counterfeiting. The lack of long-range order of APCs has unusual electronic, mechanical, and lattice dynamic properties, which has recently attracted the attention of researchers in fields including materials science, chemistry, physics, and biolog. Based on this, this study summarizes the research on APCs structural coloring in recent years. Firstly, we introduce the natural examples of APCs and the principles of the interaction between light and APCs. Then, various bottom-up self-assembly methods for synthesizing colloidal amorphous arrays and how to modify colloidal particles to achieve different colors are highlighted. Moreover, the applications in different scenarios are also briefly introduced. Additionally, the existing problems in the preparation and application of APCs and their potential development are analyzed and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100406
Juan J. Romero-Guerrero , Francisco G. Moscoso , Said Hamad , Gloria P. Moreno , Víctor Rico , Ángel Barranco Quero , Tânia Lopes-Costa , José M. Pedrosa
This study proposes a fast and simple method for the in situ growth of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on metal oxide substrates as an alternative to the traditional approaches of using gold substrates and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). As a case study, zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8) crystals were grown in micro columnar TiO2 films through simple alternate and successive immersions of the TiO2 films into solutions containing the MOFs precursors. The growth process of the MOF crystals in the interstitial spaces between the TiO2 columns was investigated by varying the metal-to-ligand ratio (1:2, 1:4, and 1:8) and by employing modulating agents such as triethylamine. It was found that the optimal deposition of ZIF-8 occurred when using a higher excess of ligand and the addition of triethylamine after a controlled number of immersion cycles. These results were obtained by using glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) as characterization techniques. Additionally, a density functional theory (DFT) study as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and GAXRD experiments were conducted to elucidate the nucleation process. It was concluded that the starting point is the formation of a covalent bond between the Zn cations and the TiO2 on the metal oxide surface after immersion of the film into a Zinc (II) nitrate solution, allowing for the formation of MOF nuclei once the film is subsequently immersed in the 2-methylimidazole solution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of in situ growth of MOF crystals onto metal oxide structures by a layer-by-layer strategy, offering a promising alternative to conventional methods.
{"title":"In situ growing of ZIF-8 crystals into TiO2 micro columnar films","authors":"Juan J. Romero-Guerrero , Francisco G. Moscoso , Said Hamad , Gloria P. Moreno , Víctor Rico , Ángel Barranco Quero , Tânia Lopes-Costa , José M. Pedrosa","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a fast and simple method for the <em>in situ</em> growth of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on metal oxide substrates as an alternative to the traditional approaches of using gold substrates and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). As a case study, zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8) crystals were grown in micro columnar TiO<sub>2</sub> films through simple alternate and successive immersions of the TiO<sub>2</sub> films into solutions containing the MOFs precursors. The growth process of the MOF crystals in the interstitial spaces between the TiO<sub>2</sub> columns was investigated by varying the metal-to-ligand ratio (1:2, 1:4, and 1:8) and by employing modulating agents such as triethylamine. It was found that the optimal deposition of ZIF-8 occurred when using a higher excess of ligand and the addition of triethylamine after a controlled number of immersion cycles. These results were obtained by using glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) as characterization techniques. Additionally, a density functional theory (DFT) study as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and GAXRD experiments were conducted to elucidate the nucleation process. It was concluded that the starting point is the formation of a covalent bond between the Zn cations and the TiO<sub>2</sub> on the metal oxide surface after immersion of the film into a Zinc (II) nitrate solution, allowing for the formation of MOF nuclei once the film is subsequently immersed in the 2-methylimidazole solution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of <em>in situ</em> growth of MOF crystals onto metal oxide structures by a layer-by-layer strategy, offering a promising alternative to conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past decade, the evolution of magnetic nanoparticles as propitious materials in the area of detection of cancer and their treatment was accomplished with magnetic resonance imaging methods and other sensing techniques. In cancer research, the special properties of magnetic nanoparticles are intensively investigated in order to deliver medicines to a specific area via a modified, in vivo, external magnetic field operation. Furthermore, customized anticancer treatment in combination with imaging methods to achieve systematic treatment is discussed. In comparison to previous review articles, this review article provides an overview of compounds composed of metal ions or clusters that are linked to organic ligands to form various dimensional structures, as well as the interaction of tumour cells spreading in the primary site. This research gives a good insight into cutting-edge research on a variety of tumor-related topics, such as the clonal evolution theory, the use of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis, treatment, targeted drug delivery agents, and metal organic frameworks for treating cancers as well as future developments in the field of oncology.
{"title":"Engineered nanoparticle systems: A review on emerging strategies for enhanced cancer therapeutics","authors":"Pratima Devi Sivasubramanian , Gayathri Unnikrishnan , Elayaraja Kolanthai , Senthilkumar Muthuswamy","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, the evolution of magnetic nanoparticles as propitious materials in the area of detection of cancer and their treatment was accomplished with magnetic resonance imaging methods and other sensing techniques. In cancer research, the special properties of magnetic nanoparticles are intensively investigated in order to deliver medicines to a specific area via a modified, <em>in vivo</em>, external magnetic field operation. Furthermore, customized anticancer treatment in combination with imaging methods to achieve systematic treatment is discussed. In comparison to previous review articles, this review article provides an overview of compounds composed of metal ions or clusters that are linked to organic ligands to form various dimensional structures, as well as the interaction of tumour cells spreading in the primary site. This research gives a good insight into cutting-edge research on a variety of tumor-related topics, such as the clonal evolution theory, the use of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis, treatment, targeted drug delivery agents, and metal organic frameworks for treating cancers as well as future developments in the field of oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100410
Zhi Liu, Xiaoman Meng, Yiming Yong, Min Wang, Boshi Liu, Jinkai Wang
The porous structure SnFe3N@carbon materials (SnFe3N@C) and the fibrous structure SnFe3N@carbon materials (SnFe3N@CNFs) were synthesized by the simple sintering method and the electrospinning-sintering method using polyacrylonitrile and dicyandiamide as carbon and nitrogen sources. The XRD results demonstrates that the various structures of the SnFe3N@carbon materials are well crystallized, and TG analysis reveals that all samples contain approximately 60 wt% carbon, providing insights into the composition and the percentage of organic matter present. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further verified the XRD results, and no impurity phases were formed in the prepared products. VSM measurements revealed that the prepared two different structural SnFe3N@carbon materials exhibit superparamagnetic properties.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties of novel SnFe3N@Carbon structures","authors":"Zhi Liu, Xiaoman Meng, Yiming Yong, Min Wang, Boshi Liu, Jinkai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The porous structure SnFe<sub>3</sub>N@carbon materials (SnFe<sub>3</sub>N@C) and the fibrous structure SnFe<sub>3</sub>N@carbon materials (SnFe<sub>3</sub>N@CNFs) were synthesized by the simple sintering method and the electrospinning-sintering method using polyacrylonitrile and dicyandiamide as carbon and nitrogen sources. The XRD results demonstrates that the various structures of the SnFe<sub>3</sub>N@carbon materials are well crystallized, and TG analysis reveals that all samples contain approximately 60 wt% carbon, providing insights into the composition and the percentage of organic matter present. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further verified the XRD results, and no impurity phases were formed in the prepared products. VSM measurements revealed that the prepared two different structural SnFe<sub>3</sub>N@carbon materials exhibit superparamagnetic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents a detailed investigation into the fabrication and performance evaluation of plasmonic solar cells, where a thin film of silver nanoparticles is deposited onto a TiO₂ layer, with the silver film itself functioning as the active layer for light absorption and energy conversion. The study compares two deposition techniques—DC Magnetron Sputtering and Thermal Vapor Deposition (TVD)—revealing significant differences in the resulting device performance. The device fabricated using TVD demonstrated a significantly higher open circuit voltage of 440.3 mV and short circuit current density of 1.6 mA/cm² compared to the device fabricated via DC Magnetron Sputtering, which recorded an open circuit voltage of 56.92 mV and a short circuit current density of 0.03 mA/cm². These results indicate that TVD offers superior electron-hole separation, reduced recombination losses, and enhanced light absorption efficiency. The main contribution of this work lies in demonstrating that the TVD technique significantly improves the photovoltaic performance of plasmonic solar cells compared to DC Magnetron Sputtering. The study validates the hot-electron mechanism at the TiO2|Ag junction using Kelvin probe force microscopy, contributing valuable insights into the role of plasmonic effects in enhancing solar cell efficiency. Additionally, it underscores the potential of TVD for developing advanced solar cell technologies with higher energy conversion efficiency.
{"title":"Fabrication of solid-state plasmonic solar cell device using FTO|TiO2|Ag-nanoparticle assembly to generate hot electrons surpassing Schottky barrier","authors":"Ksh Priyalakshmi Devi , Harsh Chaturvedi , Pranab Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a detailed investigation into the fabrication and performance evaluation of plasmonic solar cells, where a thin film of silver nanoparticles is deposited onto a TiO₂ layer, with the silver film itself functioning as the active layer for light absorption and energy conversion. The study compares two deposition techniques—DC Magnetron Sputtering and Thermal Vapor Deposition (TVD)—revealing significant differences in the resulting device performance. The device fabricated using TVD demonstrated a significantly higher open circuit voltage of 440.3 mV and short circuit current density of 1.6 mA/cm² compared to the device fabricated via DC Magnetron Sputtering, which recorded an open circuit voltage of 56.92 mV and a short circuit current density of 0.03 mA/cm². These results indicate that TVD offers superior electron-hole separation, reduced recombination losses, and enhanced light absorption efficiency. The main contribution of this work lies in demonstrating that the TVD technique significantly improves the photovoltaic performance of plasmonic solar cells compared to DC Magnetron Sputtering. The study validates the hot-electron mechanism at the TiO<sub>2</sub>|Ag junction using Kelvin probe force microscopy, contributing valuable insights into the role of plasmonic effects in enhancing solar cell efficiency. Additionally, it underscores the potential of TVD for developing advanced solar cell technologies with higher energy conversion efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100404
X.C. Ji , R.S. Chen , C.X. Lu , J. Zhou , M.Q. Zhang , T. Zhang , H.L. Yu , Y.L. Yin , P.J. Shi , W. Zhang
As a fundamental component of artificial intelligence, machine learning has gained considerable prominence within the domain of laser cladding in recent years. By employing algorithms to analyze data, discern patterns and regularities, rendering predictions and decisions, machine learning has significantly influenced various aspects of laser cladding processes. The emergence of defects during the cladding procedure poses substantial challenges for the quality and performance of the cladding layers. Addressing the reliability and reproducibility of cladding quality is a paramount concern within laser cladding technology. Leveraging data-driven machine learning algorithms enables the monitoring and detection of defects throughout the laser cladding process. Moreover, these algorithms offer avenues for feedback regulation of the cladding process, optimizing parameters, and mitigating cladding defects, thereby establishing this as a research frontier. This paper presents an overview of the typologies and formation mechanisms of defects encountered during laser cladding, elucidates the signal characteristics and expounds upon monitoring principles and methodologies employed within the laser cladding process. Additionally, it synthesizes advancements in machine learning methodologies for signal feature extraction, defect classification, and predictive modeling within the laser cladding process. Furthermore, it encapsulates prevalent machine learning models and algorithms employed for defect detection. The findings highlight the efficacy of machine learning algorithms in detecting defects within laser cladding coatings, while concurrently establishing correlations between feature signals, coating defects, and cladding processes. Presently, supervised learning algorithms dominate the landscape of research, yet the potential of unsupervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms, with their diminished data annotation requirements, garners increasing attention within the realm of laser cladding process monitoring. Collectively, the research findings delineate key focal points and avenues for future exploration within the realm of machine learning methodologies applied to laser cladding processes.
{"title":"Recent advances in machine learning for defects detection and prediction in laser cladding process","authors":"X.C. Ji , R.S. Chen , C.X. Lu , J. Zhou , M.Q. Zhang , T. Zhang , H.L. Yu , Y.L. Yin , P.J. Shi , W. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a fundamental component of artificial intelligence, machine learning has gained considerable prominence within the domain of laser cladding in recent years. By employing algorithms to analyze data, discern patterns and regularities, rendering predictions and decisions, machine learning has significantly influenced various aspects of laser cladding processes. The emergence of defects during the cladding procedure poses substantial challenges for the quality and performance of the cladding layers. Addressing the reliability and reproducibility of cladding quality is a paramount concern within laser cladding technology. Leveraging data-driven machine learning algorithms enables the monitoring and detection of defects throughout the laser cladding process. Moreover, these algorithms offer avenues for feedback regulation of the cladding process, optimizing parameters, and mitigating cladding defects, thereby establishing this as a research frontier. This paper presents an overview of the typologies and formation mechanisms of defects encountered during laser cladding, elucidates the signal characteristics and expounds upon monitoring principles and methodologies employed within the laser cladding process. Additionally, it synthesizes advancements in machine learning methodologies for signal feature extraction, defect classification, and predictive modeling within the laser cladding process. Furthermore, it encapsulates prevalent machine learning models and algorithms employed for defect detection. The findings highlight the efficacy of machine learning algorithms in detecting defects within laser cladding coatings, while concurrently establishing correlations between feature signals, coating defects, and cladding processes. Presently, supervised learning algorithms dominate the landscape of research, yet the potential of unsupervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms, with their diminished data annotation requirements, garners increasing attention within the realm of laser cladding process monitoring. Collectively, the research findings delineate key focal points and avenues for future exploration within the realm of machine learning methodologies applied to laser cladding processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100402
V.R. Romanovskii
The influence of the dissipative states of non-ideal second-type superconductors on their current-carrying capacity is investigated. The study performed is based on the numerical solution of non-stationary Maxwell and Fourier equations with different features of the non-linear rise of their I-V characteristics. First, the power equation of the I-V characteristic with various n-values was used to examine the states of superconductors that occur when the I-V characteristic continuously increases. Second, the obtained results are compared with the results of computer experiments simulating the thermo-electrodynamic states of superconductors when the electric field is not present in their I-V characteristics in the subcritical current range. A piecewise linear I-V equation describes such idealized modes. The results of the simulations indicate that a superconductor's ability to carry the transport current drops as the n-value decreases. Accordingly, the maximum transport current (quench current) flowing stably through a superconductor with an idealized I-V characteristic are always higher than the corresponding value calculated for superconductor with the same critical current but with a continuously increasing I-V characteristic. Moreover, a deterioration in cooling conditions or an increase in the current charging rate will also lead to a reduction in the current-carrying capacity of non-ideal second-type superconductors. The non-trivial temperature change of superconductors during formation of stable modes should necessarily be taken into account in experiments to investigate the voltage-current characteristics of superconductors, their current-carrying capacity, and loss theory.
研究了非理想第二类超导体的耗散状态对其载流能力的影响。研究基于非稳态麦克斯韦方程和傅里叶方程的数值求解，其 I-V 特性的非线性上升具有不同的特征。首先，使用不同 n 值的 I-V 特性功率方程来研究超导体在 I-V 特性持续上升时的状态。其次，将获得的结果与模拟超导体在亚临界电流范围内 I-V 特性中不存在电场时的热电动状态的计算机实验结果进行比较。片断线性 I-V 方程描述了这种理想化模式。模拟结果表明，超导体承载传输电流的能力会随着 n 值的减小而下降。因此，稳定流过具有理想化 I-V 特性的超导体的最大传输电流（淬火电流）总是高于计算出的具有相同临界电流但 I-V 特性持续增加的超导体的相应值。此外，冷却条件的恶化或电流充电速率的增加也会导致非理想第二类超导体载流能力的降低。在研究超导体的电压电流特性、载流能力和损耗理论的实验中，必须考虑到超导体在形成稳定模式时的非微量温度变化。
{"title":"Effect of the dissipative states of non-ideal second-type superconductors on their current-carrying capacity","authors":"V.R. Romanovskii","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of the dissipative states of non-ideal second-type superconductors on their current-carrying capacity is investigated. The study performed is based on the numerical solution of non-stationary Maxwell and Fourier equations with different features of the non-linear rise of their I-V characteristics. First, the power equation of the I-V characteristic with various <em>n</em>-values was used to examine the states of superconductors that occur when the I-V characteristic continuously increases. Second, the obtained results are compared with the results of computer experiments simulating the thermo-electrodynamic states of superconductors when the electric field is not present in their I-V characteristics in the subcritical current range. A piecewise linear I-V equation describes such idealized modes. The results of the simulations indicate that a superconductor's ability to carry the transport current drops as the <em>n</em>-value decreases. Accordingly, the maximum transport current (quench current) flowing stably through a superconductor with an idealized I-V characteristic are always higher than the corresponding value calculated for superconductor with the same critical current but with a continuously increasing I-V characteristic. Moreover, a deterioration in cooling conditions or an increase in the current charging rate will also lead to a reduction in the current-carrying capacity of non-ideal second-type superconductors. The non-trivial temperature change of superconductors during formation of stable modes should necessarily be taken into account in experiments to investigate the voltage-current characteristics of superconductors, their current-carrying capacity, and loss theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100401
Francesca Corsi , Andrea Pelliccia , Greta Deidda Tarquini , Marta Urbani , Cristina Maria Failla , Enrico Traversa , Lina Ghibelli
Topical treatment of skin diseases, an option avoiding inconveniencies of systemic administration, is hampered by skin impermeable cornified structure, which constitutes a formidable barrier to drug access. Important improvements are expected from the use of nanomaterials, either organic or inorganic; in fact, their specific physicochemical characteristics allow them to some extent crossing the skin barrier. Nanomaterials suitability to bind and deliver molecular drugs can thus permit unexpected penetration of conjugated drugs into the skin, strongly improving efficiency of topical treatments. Furthermore, when in the 1–100 nm size range, several inorganic metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., gold, silver, cerium oxide) notably exert intrinsic bioactivities that are functional for treating skin diseases (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant), or possess peculiar optical properties enabling them acting as novel photosensitizers for cytotoxic therapies against skin cancer. We critically review here studies describing how inorganic nanoparticle features may represent a potential breakthrough for skin disease treatment.
{"title":"Topical treatment of skin diseases with bioactive inorganic nanomaterials: Beyond drug delivery","authors":"Francesca Corsi , Andrea Pelliccia , Greta Deidda Tarquini , Marta Urbani , Cristina Maria Failla , Enrico Traversa , Lina Ghibelli","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topical treatment of skin diseases, an option avoiding inconveniencies of systemic administration, is hampered by skin impermeable cornified structure, which constitutes a formidable barrier to drug access. Important improvements are expected from the use of nanomaterials, either organic or inorganic; in fact, their specific physicochemical characteristics allow them to some extent crossing the skin barrier. Nanomaterials suitability to bind and deliver molecular drugs can thus permit unexpected penetration of conjugated drugs into the skin, strongly improving efficiency of topical treatments. Furthermore, when in the 1–100 nm size range, several inorganic metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., gold, silver, cerium oxide) notably exert intrinsic bioactivities that are functional for treating skin diseases (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant), or possess peculiar optical properties enabling them acting as novel photosensitizers for cytotoxic therapies against skin cancer. We critically review here studies describing how inorganic nanoparticle features may represent a potential breakthrough for skin disease treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100408
Ning Wang , Jiaxuan Yin , Haoran Li , Tiancheng Wang , Shengrui Cui , Wenchao Yan , Wei Liu , Yongcheng Jin
The current widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in transportation and consumer electronics has spurred the pursuit of developing cathode materials with enhanced energy density, aiming to commercialize LIBs with improved performance. Mn-based Li-rich layered oxides, among the various types of cathode materials, possess outstanding merits such as high energy density, low cost, and environmentally friendly, which make them the most promising commercial cathode materials for LIBs. However, the low initial cycle efficiency, voltage and capacity attenuation, and phase transformation significantly slow down the process of commercial application. The essential origin of the above drawbacks is the redox reaction from the lattice oxygen in the initial uptake/release process. Based on the advanced characterizations and theoretical analysis, researchers have gained a deep understanding of the fundamental issues and subsequent solution strategies. Firstly, this present article provides a comprehensive review of the redox reaction mechanism involving lattice oxygen in liquid lithium-ion battery avenue, focusing on the perspective of electronic energy levels. Then, the article provides an in-depth analysis and summary of the relevant solution strategies, as well as a detailed overview of the application and challenges of Li-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs). The primary objective of this review is to offer targeted guidance for the development of Li-rich cathodes that are both highly efficient and safe, with a particular emphasis on their potential application in the future all-solid-state battery technology.
{"title":"Recent advance in Mn-based Li-rich cathode materials: Oxygen release mechanism and its solution strategies based on electronic structure perspective, spanning from commercial liquid batteries to all-solid-state batteries","authors":"Ning Wang , Jiaxuan Yin , Haoran Li , Tiancheng Wang , Shengrui Cui , Wenchao Yan , Wei Liu , Yongcheng Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in transportation and consumer electronics has spurred the pursuit of developing cathode materials with enhanced energy density, aiming to commercialize LIBs with improved performance. Mn-based Li-rich layered oxides, among the various types of cathode materials, possess outstanding merits such as high energy density, low cost, and environmentally friendly, which make them the most promising commercial cathode materials for LIBs. However, the low initial cycle efficiency, voltage and capacity attenuation, and phase transformation significantly slow down the process of commercial application. The essential origin of the above drawbacks is the redox reaction from the lattice oxygen in the initial uptake/release process. Based on the advanced characterizations and theoretical analysis, researchers have gained a deep understanding of the fundamental issues and subsequent solution strategies. Firstly, this present article provides a comprehensive review of the redox reaction mechanism involving lattice oxygen in liquid lithium-ion battery avenue, focusing on the perspective of electronic energy levels. Then, the article provides an in-depth analysis and summary of the relevant solution strategies, as well as a detailed overview of the application and challenges of Li-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs). The primary objective of this review is to offer targeted guidance for the development of Li-rich cathodes that are both highly efficient and safe, with a particular emphasis on their potential application in the future all-solid-state battery technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study deals with the synthesis and characterization of superabsorbent hydrogels from rice husk cellulose. Rice husks are slow decomposing waste from the milling of rice with an estimated composition of cellulose (50 %), lignin (25–30 %), silica (15–20 %), and moisture (10–15 %). The aim of using it as a source of cellulose was to provide an alternative use of the otherwise incinerated waste product that is abundantly available in rice producing countries like Kenya. Cellulose-based hydrogels continue to attract interest because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability for which they have found use in several fields including drug release, packaging films, agriculture, among others. The cellulose was extracted from rice husk and crosslinked with phosphoric acid under microwave oven heating. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescence. Four parameters namely, heating time, microwave oven power out-put, percent swelling and the amount of cross-linker required for complete reaction were optimized for the synthesis of superabsorbent hydrogels. The optimum percentage swelling was found to be 877 %, heating time of 3 minutes, microwave oven power output of 420 watts (level 6 on the microwave oven dial), 10 mL of cross-linker when 2 g cellulose was used. The efficacy of the hydrogel in maize growing was determined by planting maize in pots in a greenhouse under varied hydrogel dose treatments and measuring growth and yield parameters over a period of twelve weeks. The values of plant growth and yield parameters were found to increase with hydrogel dose with the best results being observed among maize plants grown under the hydrogel dose of 5 g per pot. It was observed that the maize plants in pots treated with hydrogel continued to thrive while those in pots without any hydrogel dried off as expected when rains fail. These results are significant in that they demonstrate that rice husk cellulose-based hydrogels are efficacious in maize growing in a greenhouse.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of cellulose phosphate-based superabsorbent hydrogels from rice husk under microwave heating","authors":"Adamu Abdulhameed , Harun Mbuvi , Evans Changamu , Irene Githinji , Francis Maingi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study deals with the synthesis and characterization of superabsorbent hydrogels from rice husk cellulose. Rice husks are slow decomposing waste from the milling of rice with an estimated composition of cellulose (50 %), lignin (25–30 %), silica (15–20 %), and moisture (10–15 %). The aim of using it as a source of cellulose was to provide an alternative use of the otherwise incinerated waste product that is abundantly available in rice producing countries like Kenya. Cellulose-based hydrogels continue to attract interest because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability for which they have found use in several fields including drug release, packaging films, agriculture, among others. The cellulose was extracted from rice husk and crosslinked with phosphoric acid under microwave oven heating. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescence. Four parameters namely, heating time, microwave oven power out-put, percent swelling and the amount of cross-linker required for complete reaction were optimized for the synthesis of superabsorbent hydrogels. The optimum percentage swelling was found to be 877 %, heating time of 3 minutes, microwave oven power output of 420 watts (level 6 on the microwave oven dial), 10 mL of cross-linker when 2 g cellulose was used. The efficacy of the hydrogel in maize growing was determined by planting maize in pots in a greenhouse under varied hydrogel dose treatments and measuring growth and yield parameters over a period of twelve weeks. The values of plant growth and yield parameters were found to increase with hydrogel dose with the best results being observed among maize plants grown under the hydrogel dose of 5 g per pot. It was observed that the maize plants in pots treated with hydrogel continued to thrive while those in pots without any hydrogel dried off as expected when rains fail. These results are significant in that they demonstrate that rice husk cellulose-based hydrogels are efficacious in maize growing in a greenhouse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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