Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100394
M.C. Casanova , P. Vanelle , N. Azas , J. Broggi
Macromolecular drug delivery systems are engineered nanotechnologies used for the targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents to a specific biologic target, a rapidly growing need in the age of tailor-made therapeutic treatments. The rise of drug delivery systems stems from their ability to solve the pharmacological issues that often impede the drug development process. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed how-to guide through the early stages of the discovery of new drug-loaded nanocarriers. From their synthesis to their biological evaluations, their development requires multidisciplinary knowledge of chemistry, physics, and biology and involves mastering leading-edge technological equipment. The essential steps and techniques are thus described and discussed in the context of the preparation, physicochemical characterization, and biological study of polymeric drug delivery systems. This guide is intended as a comprehensive and didactic resource to assist (bio)chemists, (bio)physicists, and biologists, as well as beginners, in their work and discussions on polymeric nanocarriers. Although this review addresses general themes applicable to all polymeric nanocarriers, the implementation of these different physicochemical and biological strategies is highlighted through the concrete case of antimalarial-drug vectorization.
{"title":"A how-to guide through the physicochemical and biological methods for the development of polymeric drug delivery systems: Antimalarial vectors as study case","authors":"M.C. Casanova , P. Vanelle , N. Azas , J. Broggi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macromolecular drug delivery systems are engineered nanotechnologies used for the targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents to a specific biologic target, a rapidly growing need in the age of tailor-made therapeutic treatments. The rise of drug delivery systems stems from their ability to solve the pharmacological issues that often impede the drug development process. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed how-to guide through the early stages of the discovery of new drug-loaded nanocarriers. From their synthesis to their biological evaluations, their development requires multidisciplinary knowledge of chemistry, physics, and biology and involves mastering leading-edge technological equipment. The essential steps and techniques are thus described and discussed in the context of the preparation, physicochemical characterization, and biological study of polymeric drug delivery systems. This guide is intended as a comprehensive and didactic resource to assist (bio)chemists, (bio)physicists, and biologists, as well as beginners, in their work and discussions on polymeric nanocarriers. Although this review addresses general themes applicable to all polymeric nanocarriers, the implementation of these different physicochemical and biological strategies is highlighted through the concrete case of antimalarial-drug vectorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100395
Xi-Xi Feng , Shuang-Jie Tan , Sen Xin
Rechargeable batteries with cell-level specific energy beyond 500 Wh/kg have shown promise in powering long-range electric cars and near-space operations of (un)manned aerial vehicles. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, with their exceptionally high theoretical specific energy, emerge as a competitive candidate for achieving the target. In this Review, we analyzed the critical parameters, at a material level and a device level, for practically realizing a beyond-500-Wh/kg Li-S battery. For the S cathode, the mass percentage of S in the S/C composites has been identified as positively correlated with the maximum areal-mass-loading of S on the electrode, and negatively correlated with the “electrolyte to S” ratio, so that it plays a decisive role in improving the battery energy. The use of a high-S-percentage cathode also enables reduced cost, easy manufacture, and improved safety of the battery, yet also introduces new issues such as slow charge transfer, parasitic mass transfer of polysulfides and drastic volume variation during Li uptake and release. Strategies, such as optimizing the cathode conversion electrochemistry, regulating the electrolyte composition, and managing the cell (dis)charge protocol were proposed to address the above challenges. We hope that the work offers insights into reasonable materials and battery design for next-generation energy storage.
电池级比能量超过 500 Wh/kg 的可充电电池已显示出为长程电动汽车和（无人）航空飞行器的近太空操作提供动力的前景。锂硫（Li-S）电池具有极高的理论比能量，是实现这一目标的理想候选电池。在这篇综述中，我们从材料和器件两个层面分析了实际实现 500 瓦时/千克以上锂-硫电池的关键参数。对于 S 阴极，S/C 复合材料中 S 的质量百分比与电极上 S 的最大面积负荷呈正相关，而与 "电解质与 S "的比率呈负相关，因此它在提高电池能量方面起着决定性作用。使用高 S 百分比阴极还能降低成本、方便制造并提高电池的安全性，但同时也带来了新的问题，如充电传输缓慢、多硫化物的寄生传质以及锂吸收和释放过程中的体积剧烈变化。为应对上述挑战，我们提出了优化阴极转换电化学、调节电解质成分和管理电池（放电）充电协议等策略。我们希望这项工作能为下一代能源存储的合理材料和电池设计提供启示。
{"title":"Critical material and device parameters for building a beyond-500-Wh/kg lithium-sulfur battery","authors":"Xi-Xi Feng , Shuang-Jie Tan , Sen Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable batteries with cell-level specific energy beyond 500 Wh/kg have shown promise in powering long-range electric cars and near-space operations of (un)manned aerial vehicles. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, with their exceptionally high theoretical specific energy, emerge as a competitive candidate for achieving the target. In this Review, we analyzed the critical parameters, at a material level and a device level, for practically realizing a beyond-500-Wh/kg Li-S battery. For the S cathode, the mass percentage of S in the S/C composites has been identified as positively correlated with the maximum areal-mass-loading of S on the electrode, and negatively correlated with the “electrolyte to S” ratio, so that it plays a decisive role in improving the battery energy. The use of a high-S-percentage cathode also enables reduced cost, easy manufacture, and improved safety of the battery, yet also introduces new issues such as slow charge transfer, parasitic mass transfer of polysulfides and drastic volume variation during Li uptake and release. Strategies, such as optimizing the cathode conversion electrochemistry, regulating the electrolyte composition, and managing the cell (dis)charge protocol were proposed to address the above challenges. We hope that the work offers insights into reasonable materials and battery design for next-generation energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100399
Muhammad Mahmood Mohi-Ud-Din , Musaad Zaheer Nazir Khan , Muhammad Ovais Hafeez , Usama Shahbaz Cheema , Sikandar Ali Khokhar , Muhammad Husnain Arshad
The structural lightweight concrete is gaining significant interest in the research community due to its reduced dead load. The reduction in the self-weight not only lowers the gravity load but can also lower the seismic demands for the structural members and hence can potentially reduce the overall cost. This study examines the feasibility of developing a sustainable structural lightweight concrete by utilizing rigid polyurethane foam waste as coarse aggregates (5–10 mm). The silica fume was incorporated as a cement replacement to enhance the compressive strength of the mix. A total of three composite mix formulations consisting of polyurethane foam, cement-coated polyurethane foam, and pumice (control specimens) as coarse aggregates were tested. The testing was performed for workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, absorption, permeable voids, chloride-ion penetration, freeze and thaw resistance, and drying shrinkage. The results achieved for elastic modulus, chloride ion penetrability, and drying shrinkage, were meeting the minimum requirements of the standards making this composite suitable for the structural application. The results revealed that uncoated polyurethane based lightweight aggregate concrete resulted in an air-dry density of 1829 kg/m3 with the corresponding compressive strength of 19.5 MPa and flexural strength of 2.78 MPa at 28 days. Besides, the polyurethane-based lightweight concrete also showed lower internal structure damage against freeze and thaw action, along with improved thermal conductivity.
{"title":"Exploring the potential of rigid polyurethane foam waste in structural lightweight concrete","authors":"Muhammad Mahmood Mohi-Ud-Din , Musaad Zaheer Nazir Khan , Muhammad Ovais Hafeez , Usama Shahbaz Cheema , Sikandar Ali Khokhar , Muhammad Husnain Arshad","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural lightweight concrete is gaining significant interest in the research community due to its reduced dead load. The reduction in the self-weight not only lowers the gravity load but can also lower the seismic demands for the structural members and hence can potentially reduce the overall cost. This study examines the feasibility of developing a sustainable structural lightweight concrete by utilizing rigid polyurethane foam waste as coarse aggregates (5–10 mm). The silica fume was incorporated as a cement replacement to enhance the compressive strength of the mix. A total of three composite mix formulations consisting of polyurethane foam, cement-coated polyurethane foam, and pumice (control specimens) as coarse aggregates were tested. The testing was performed for workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, absorption, permeable voids, chloride-ion penetration, freeze and thaw resistance, and drying shrinkage. The results achieved for elastic modulus, chloride ion penetrability, and drying shrinkage, were meeting the minimum requirements of the standards making this composite suitable for the structural application. The results revealed that uncoated polyurethane based lightweight aggregate concrete resulted in an air-dry density of 1829 kg/m<sup>3</sup> with the corresponding compressive strength of 19.5 MPa and flexural strength of 2.78 MPa at 28 days. Besides, the polyurethane-based lightweight concrete also showed lower internal structure damage against freeze and thaw action, along with improved thermal conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The in situ formation of metals has grown in recent years with the aim of applying the obtained metals in various fields of knowledge, ranging from catalysis to healthcare, by obtaining materials capable of replacing implants such as platinum or titanium. Part of this pursuit requires understanding and obtaining metals in general. The metallic iron in question has been relatively less obtained, and its application is promising and cost-effective due to the involved metal.
In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of metallic iron supported on red ceramic waste (RCW) and its reactivity in an atmosphere containing sulfur. The objective of this research is to showcase the synthesis of metallic iron associated with an unconventional support (waste) and its application in reacting with a sulfur-containing gas atmosphere. This was achieved through particles synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and the measurements were conducted through in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy with temporal resolution in the XANES region at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). In situ DXAS measurements allowed the monitoring of the reactivity of the corresponding metallic iron particles during activation and sulfidation processes. The obtained results demonstrated satisfactory metallic formation, effective adhesion of the support, and successfully achieved reactivity.
近年来，金属的原位形成技术不断发展，其目的是将获得的金属应用于从催化到医疗保健等各个知识领域，获得能够替代铂或钛等植入物的材料。要实现这一目标，就必须了解并获得一般金属。在这项研究中，我们展示了在红色陶瓷废料（RCW）上支撑的金属铁的合成及其在含硫大气中的反应性。本研究的目的是展示与非常规支撑物（废物）相关的金属铁的合成及其在含硫气体环境中的应用。通过使用水热法合成的颗粒实现了这一目标，并在巴西同步辐射实验室（LNLS）的 XANES 区域通过具有时间分辨率的原位 X 射线吸收光谱进行了测量。通过原位 DXAS 测量，可以监测相应金属铁颗粒在活化和硫化过程中的反应性。所获得的结果表明，金属的形成令人满意，支持物的粘附性良好，并成功实现了反应性。
{"title":"In situ formation of supported metallic iron on red ceramic waste and its reactivity","authors":"Fabiele Schaefer Rodrigues, Marcela Trojahn Nunes, Jocenir Boita","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>in situ</em> formation of metals has grown in recent years with the aim of applying the obtained metals in various fields of knowledge, ranging from catalysis to healthcare, by obtaining materials capable of replacing implants such as platinum or titanium. Part of this pursuit requires understanding and obtaining metals in general. The metallic iron in question has been relatively less obtained, and its application is promising and cost-effective due to the involved metal.</div><div>In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of metallic iron supported on red ceramic waste (RCW) and its reactivity in an atmosphere containing sulfur. The objective of this research is to showcase the synthesis of metallic iron associated with an unconventional support (waste) and its application in reacting with a sulfur-containing gas atmosphere. This was achieved through particles synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and the measurements were conducted through <em>in situ</em> X-ray absorption spectroscopy with temporal resolution in the XANES region at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). <em>In situ</em> DXAS measurements allowed the monitoring of the reactivity of the corresponding metallic iron particles during activation and sulfidation processes. The obtained results demonstrated satisfactory metallic formation, effective adhesion of the support, and successfully achieved reactivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100389
Okechukwu Benjamin Okafor , Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola , Olawale Muhammed Popoola , Samson Oluropo Adeosun
In recent years, supercapacitors have become a ground-breaking technology in energy conversion and storage systems, garnering increasing interest of researchers in this field. They have distinctive features, which includes rapid charging and discharging capabilities, exceptional energy and power densities, and prolonged stability. Polyaniline is one of the most studied conducting polymers for energy storage application because of its high capacity and electrochemical properties but poor cyclability. Conversely transition metal oxides have high theoretical specific capacitance but practically they have not been effectively utilized as electrode material due to their poor electrical conductivity. In recent times, research has shown that nanostructured conducting polymer hybridized with transition metal oxides (TMOs) produce good cycle stability and outstanding electrochemical characteristics and are being studies as potential material for supercapacitor electrode. Hence, this manuscript is dedicated to reviewing the advancements in PANI based composite with TMO as supercapacitor electrode over the past few years. Also a comprehensive examination of how various transition metal oxides affect the electrochemical properties of polyaniline based composites is detailed. It is anticipated that this review will enhance understanding of supercapacitor based on this conducting polymer and transition metal oxide, potentially paving the way for novel research in these field.
近年来，超级电容器已成为能量转换和存储系统中的一项突破性技术，引起了该领域研究人员越来越多的兴趣。超级电容器具有快速充放电能力、优异的能量和功率密度以及长期稳定性等显著特点。聚苯胺是研究最多的用于储能的导电聚合物之一，因为它具有高容量和电化学特性，但循环性较差。相反，过渡金属氧化物具有较高的理论比电容，但由于其导电性较差，实际上并未被有效地用作电极材料。近来的研究表明，与过渡金属氧化物（TMOs）杂化的纳米结构导电聚合物具有良好的循环稳定性和出色的电化学特性，正在被研究用作超级电容器电极的潜在材料。因此，本手稿专门回顾了过去几年中 PANI 与 TMO 复合材料作为超级电容器电极所取得的进展。此外，还详细介绍了各种过渡金属氧化物如何影响聚苯胺基复合材料的电化学特性。预计这篇综述将加深人们对基于这种导电聚合物和过渡金属氧化物的超级电容器的了解，并有可能为这些领域的新研究铺平道路。
{"title":"Review on the recent development on polyaniline and transition metal oxides composite electrode for supercapacitor application","authors":"Okechukwu Benjamin Okafor , Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola , Olawale Muhammed Popoola , Samson Oluropo Adeosun","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, supercapacitors have become a ground-breaking technology in energy conversion and storage systems, garnering increasing interest of researchers in this field. They have distinctive features, which includes rapid charging and discharging capabilities, exceptional energy and power densities, and prolonged stability. Polyaniline is one of the most studied conducting polymers for energy storage application because of its high capacity and electrochemical properties but poor cyclability. Conversely transition metal oxides have high theoretical specific capacitance but practically they have not been effectively utilized as electrode material due to their poor electrical conductivity. In recent times, research has shown that nanostructured conducting polymer hybridized with transition metal oxides (TMOs) produce good cycle stability and outstanding electrochemical characteristics and are being studies as potential material for supercapacitor electrode. Hence, this manuscript is dedicated to reviewing the advancements in PANI based composite with TMO as supercapacitor electrode over the past few years. Also a comprehensive examination of how various transition metal oxides affect the electrochemical properties of polyaniline based composites is detailed. It is anticipated that this review will enhance understanding of supercapacitor based on this conducting polymer and transition metal oxide, potentially paving the way for novel research in these field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc Magnesium Aluminate doped with Dysprosium (Zn (1-x-y) Mg(y)Al2O4:x Dy (x=0.04 and y=0.3 mol%)) was prepared using the solution combustion synthesis method. The prepared phosphor was characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared, respectively, to study crystal structure, surface morphology, and vibrational properties. The thermoluminescence peak temperatures were 250°C, 248°C, and 246°C at irradiating doses of 600–1000 Gy, respectively. Through the computation of the activation energy (E), order of kinetics (b), and frequency factor (s−1), the kinetic parameters were assessed using the TL glow curve. It is observed from the TL dose-response curve that the intensity rises nearly linearly for all doses between 600 and 1000 Gy. Nanophosphor Zn0.66Mg0.3Al2O4:0.04Dy shows almost linear dose-response for a dose range of 600–1000 Gy and an optimum activation energy (E) of 0.93–0.97 eV, which makes it suitable for high-dose radiation thermoluminescence dosimetric applications.
{"title":"Dy3+ doped Zn0.66Mg0.3Al2O4 nanophosphor for high dose radiation thermoluminescence dosimetric applications","authors":"Pankaj Pathak , Manisha Singh , Pankaj Kumar Mishra , Snehal Jani , Rajeev Gupta , Ranjeet Brajpuriya , Ishwar Prasad Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc Magnesium Aluminate doped with Dysprosium (Zn <sub>(1-x-y)</sub> Mg<sub>(y)</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4:x</sub> D<sub>y</sub> (x=0.04 and y=0.3 mol%)) was prepared using the solution combustion synthesis method. The prepared phosphor was characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared, respectively, to study crystal structure, surface morphology, and vibrational properties. The thermoluminescence peak temperatures were 250°C, 248°C, and 246°C at irradiating doses of 600–1000 Gy, respectively. Through the computation of the activation energy (E), order of kinetics (b), and frequency factor (s<sup>−1</sup>), the kinetic parameters were assessed using the TL glow curve. It is observed from the TL dose-response curve that the intensity rises nearly linearly for all doses between 600 and 1000 Gy. Nanophosphor Zn<sub>0.66</sub>Mg<sub>0.3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:0.04Dy shows almost linear dose-response for a dose range of 600–1000 Gy and an optimum activation energy (E) of 0.93–0.97 eV, which makes it suitable for high-dose radiation thermoluminescence dosimetric applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
End-of-Life (EoL) carbon fiber (CF)/poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) semipreg scraps from the aerospace industry were used for the development of new products. The scraps were cut and placed randomly in aluminum molds, with and without continuous layers of semipreg, to obtain five different laminates processed by hot compression molding. The laminates were inspected by ultrasound, followed by cutting standardized test specimens using a CNC machine. Afterward, the laminates were evaluated for thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) and mechanical properties (tensile test and interlaminar shear strength, ILSS). The morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, and optical microscopy, OM. Ultrasound inspection indicated that four laminates showed the presence of voids, flaws, defects, and internal discontinuities, some very pronounced. However, the five laminates processed did not show differences in thermal stability. The size of the scraps and the direction of the CF contributed unintentionally so that two laminates presented tensile strength values 15 % lower than the reference laminate (822 MPa) and ILSS values (64 MPa) very close to the reference. The micrographs showed the ordering and positioning of the CF/PPS semipreg layers. The results were promising and could be considered as resources for developing new products through recycling processes.
{"title":"End-of-life carbon fiber/poly(phenylene sulfide) semipreg scraps from the aerospace industry: Towards a sustainable product","authors":"Larissa Stieven Montagna , Guilherme Ferreira de Melo Morgado , Juliano Marini , Alessandro Guimarães , Orestes Ferro , Fabio Roberto Passador , Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>End-of-Life (EoL) carbon fiber (CF)/poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) semipreg scraps from the aerospace industry were used for the development of new products. The scraps were cut and placed randomly in aluminum molds, with and without continuous layers of semipreg, to obtain five different laminates processed by hot compression molding. The laminates were inspected by ultrasound, followed by cutting standardized test specimens using a CNC machine. Afterward, the laminates were evaluated for thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) and mechanical properties (tensile test and interlaminar shear strength, ILSS). The morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, and optical microscopy, OM. Ultrasound inspection indicated that four laminates showed the presence of voids, flaws, defects, and internal discontinuities, some very pronounced. However, the five laminates processed did not show differences in thermal stability. The size of the scraps and the direction of the CF contributed unintentionally so that two laminates presented tensile strength values 15 % lower than the reference laminate (822 MPa) and ILSS values (64 MPa) very close to the reference. The micrographs showed the ordering and positioning of the CF/PPS semipreg layers. The results were promising and could be considered as resources for developing new products through recycling processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discovery of energy-dense and emission-free fuels for low-temperature fuel cell technology remains an important research theme to achieve efficient, clean electricity generation. In this study, we report the study of ethylamine as a regenerative fuel for emission-free fuel cells. The electrocatalytic ethylamine dehydrogenation reaction on commercial Pt catalyst under alkaline conditions exhibits fast reaction kinetics and produces acetonitrile as sole product, which can be readily hydrogenated back to ethylamine for reuse and thereby avoid CO2 emissions. By assembling and testing a direct ethylamine fuel cell, we demonstrate the capability of this regenerative fuel for clean electricity generation. The fuel cell performances are evaluated with different ethylamine fuel concentrations and operation temperatures and compared with other direct liquid fuel cells, highlighting promising prospects for utilizing ethylamine as a regenerative fuel in fuel cells for efficient and clean electricity generation.
{"title":"Ethylamine as a regenerative fuel for emission-free direct liquid fuel cell","authors":"Jinyao Tang , Jialu Li , Dezhen Wu , Rongxuan Xie , Zhenmeng Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discovery of energy-dense and emission-free fuels for low-temperature fuel cell technology remains an important research theme to achieve efficient, clean electricity generation. In this study, we report the study of ethylamine as a regenerative fuel for emission-free fuel cells. The electrocatalytic ethylamine dehydrogenation reaction on commercial Pt catalyst under alkaline conditions exhibits fast reaction kinetics and produces acetonitrile as sole product, which can be readily hydrogenated back to ethylamine for reuse and thereby avoid CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. By assembling and testing a direct ethylamine fuel cell, we demonstrate the capability of this regenerative fuel for clean electricity generation. The fuel cell performances are evaluated with different ethylamine fuel concentrations and operation temperatures and compared with other direct liquid fuel cells, highlighting promising prospects for utilizing ethylamine as a regenerative fuel in fuel cells for efficient and clean electricity generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100392
Atol Mondal , Sumon Islam , SK. Methela Zaman , Marzia Sultana , Md. Minhaz Abedin , Ashok Kumar Chakraborty , Md Mahfuzur Rahman , Md. Hafezur Rahaman , Mst Sumaia Aktar Sumi , Alam S.M. Nur
Research continues to improve the dye degradation performance of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through doping, tailoring, or modifying the lattice structure. A series of Ca–TiO2 (Ca ions 0.5–2.0 wt%) photocatalysts prepared by wet impregnation method were studied for methylene blue (MB) degradation under UV-Vis irradiation, using different factors, including contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, and dosages. The photocatalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Characterization results revealed the successful doping of Ca ion on the TiO2 surface, and Ti, O, and Ca were identified by EDX analysis as being present in the Ca-doped TiO2 sample. Calcium improved titania's charge separation capability, favoring the formation of more hydroxyl radicals during irradiation. Another important effect of Ca is the lowered bandgap energy of TiO2, which enhances the light absorption capacity into the visible regions. The photocatalytic performance varied with calcium ions content in the prepared catalysts, and a moderate amount showed the best activity. 1 wt% Ca–TiO2 exhibited a maximum MB degradation of 79.65 % with TOC removal of 52.36 % and followed the pseudo-first-order reactions kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0087 min−1. Notably, both the degradation performance and rate constant of 1 wt% Ca-TiO2 catalysts were much superior to pure TiO2 under the same reaction conditions. This finding suggests that Ca-TiO2 NPs could be a highly effective photocatalyst for the ecologically benign degradation of color compounds in textile wastewater.
{"title":"Fabrication of Ca-doped TiO2 for enhanced methylene blue degradation under UV-Vis irradiation","authors":"Atol Mondal , Sumon Islam , SK. Methela Zaman , Marzia Sultana , Md. Minhaz Abedin , Ashok Kumar Chakraborty , Md Mahfuzur Rahman , Md. Hafezur Rahaman , Mst Sumaia Aktar Sumi , Alam S.M. Nur","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research continues to improve the dye degradation performance of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) through doping, tailoring, or modifying the lattice structure. A series of Ca–TiO<sub>2</sub> (Ca ions 0.5–2.0 wt%) photocatalysts prepared by wet impregnation method were studied for methylene blue (MB) degradation under UV-Vis irradiation, using different factors, including contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, and dosages. The photocatalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Characterization results revealed the successful doping of Ca ion on the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface, and Ti, O, and Ca were identified by EDX analysis as being present in the Ca-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> sample. Calcium improved titania's charge separation capability, favoring the formation of more hydroxyl radicals during irradiation. Another important effect of Ca is the lowered bandgap energy of TiO<sub>2</sub>, which enhances the light absorption capacity into the visible regions. The photocatalytic performance varied with calcium ions content in the prepared catalysts, and a moderate amount showed the best activity. 1 wt% Ca–TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited a maximum MB degradation of 79.65 % with TOC removal of 52.36 % and followed the pseudo-first-order reactions kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0087 min<sup>−1</sup>. Notably, both the degradation performance and rate constant of 1 wt% Ca-TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts were much superior to pure TiO<sub>2</sub> under the same reaction conditions. This finding suggests that Ca-TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs could be a highly effective photocatalyst for the ecologically benign degradation of color compounds in textile wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100393
S.D. Jesus , J.A.F. Dantas , M.L. Peixoto , H.S. Cavalcante , R.C. Manta , Y. Coutinho , N.B. Lima , H.C.B. Nascimento , A.M.P. Carneiro , S. Fucale , N.B.D. Lima
Aluminum composite material (ACM) is associated with a high consumption of natural resources, and its production consumes high energy levels and a considerable volume of waste. Given this consequence, alternative solutions for ACM waste are necessary. This work evaluates the chemical, structural, microstructural, and mechanical characteristics of incorporating ACM board waste in producing plaster mortars. The results of the chemical XRF data revealed high concentrations of the calcium system in the ACM mortars. In addition, the XRF analyses showed that the incorporation of ACM affects the homogeneity of the material composition. XRD data showed crystalline phases of Quartz (SiO₂), Portlandite (Ca(OH)₂), Calcinite (CaCO₃), and Ettringite (Et. Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃ (OH)₁₂.₂₆H₂O), which were also verified from SEM experiments. In addition, mortars ACM5 and ACM10 presented similar %C concentrations. It was evident that high levels of ACM incorporation substantially increased the %C on the material's surface. These %C concentrations on the surface of the mortars evidence the presence of the polymeric material ACM on the surface of the mortars. Low concentrations of %Si and %Ca on the surfaces of ACM20 and ACM25 also revealed a low presence of SiO2 and calcium systems (Portlandite and CSH). Considering high levels of ACM incorporation in mortars and observing the results, the ACM residue acts as a polymeric coating on the material's surface.
{"title":"Waste of aluminum composite material applied to cement-based mortars and their chemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties","authors":"S.D. Jesus , J.A.F. Dantas , M.L. Peixoto , H.S. Cavalcante , R.C. Manta , Y. Coutinho , N.B. Lima , H.C.B. Nascimento , A.M.P. Carneiro , S. Fucale , N.B.D. Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum composite material (ACM) is associated with a high consumption of natural resources, and its production consumes high energy levels and a considerable volume of waste. Given this consequence, alternative solutions for ACM waste are necessary. This work evaluates the chemical, structural, microstructural, and mechanical characteristics of incorporating ACM board waste in producing plaster mortars. The results of the chemical XRF data revealed high concentrations of the calcium system in the ACM mortars. In addition, the XRF analyses showed that the incorporation of ACM affects the homogeneity of the material composition. XRD data showed crystalline phases of Quartz (SiO₂), Portlandite (Ca(OH)₂), Calcinite (CaCO₃), and Ettringite (Et. Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃ (OH)₁₂.₂₆H₂O), which were also verified from SEM experiments. In addition, mortars ACM5 and ACM10 presented similar %C concentrations. It was evident that high levels of ACM incorporation substantially increased the %C on the material's surface. These %C concentrations on the surface of the mortars evidence the presence of the polymeric material ACM on the surface of the mortars. Low concentrations of %Si and %Ca on the surfaces of ACM20 and ACM25 also revealed a low presence of SiO<sub>2</sub> and calcium systems (Portlandite and CSH). Considering high levels of ACM incorporation in mortars and observing the results, the ACM residue acts as a polymeric coating on the material's surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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