Next Materials最新文献

{"title":"Optimized mesalamine-loaded polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles for targeted colon delivery in inflammatory bowel disease treatment: A central composite design approach","authors":"Iqra Fatima ,&nbsp;Ahmad Khan ,&nbsp;Abbas Rahdar ,&nbsp;Sonia Fathi-karkan ,&nbsp;Zelal Kharaba ,&nbsp;Francesco Baino","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to develop and optimize mesalamine-loaded polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using a central composite experimental design. Mesalamine, a pharmaceutical classified as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class IV drug due to its poor solubility and permeability, short half-life (0.5–2 h), and challenges in patient compliance, was selected as the model drug for this study. PECs were synthesized by titrating sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and chitosan, with the experimental compositions determined using Design Expert® 7.0 software. Formulations were optimized by varying concentrations of chitosan and Na-CMC, considering particle size and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) as the response variables. The optimized PEC nanoparticles were subsequently coated with Eudragit S-100 (ES-100) to enable targeted delivery to the colon. The uncoated nanoparticles had a particle size of 234.9 ± 3.8 nm and a zeta potential of 27.90 ± 2.41 mV. After coating, these values were altered to 319.2 ± 4.1 nm and −13.45 ± 4.13 mV, indicating a shift to a slightly negative surface charge, which contributes to the stability and colon-targeting properties of the nanoparticles. Morphological analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles maintained a roughly spherical shape and that the polymer did not chemically interact with the encapsulated drug. The optimized formulation demonstrated an encapsulation efficiency of 62.26 ± 2.03 %. Drug release studies conducted in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) showed that uncoated nanoparticles released 91.2 ± 4.5 % of the drug over 48 h, while coated nanoparticles released 74.9 ± 2.9 %, as determined by ANOVA analysis. These findings suggest that the coating effectively extends mesalamine release over time, making this formulation a promising candidate for targeted IBD therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-function magnetic reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: Enhanced caffeine abatement via adsorption and photo-Fenton degradation","authors":"Florencia M. Onaga Medina ,&nbsp;Marcos E. Peralta ,&nbsp;Lorena Diblasi ,&nbsp;Marcelo J. Avena ,&nbsp;María E. Parolo","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, an easy method for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide-magnetite nanocomposite was developed via the reduction of graphene oxide by ferrous ions and in-situ synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles on graphene sheets. The resulting magnetic nanocomposite (rGO_m) was tested in the abatement of caffeine, serving as a model for emerging pollutants. The reduction of caffeine concentration was accomplished because of the dual-function of rGO_m both as adsorbent and photo-Fenton catalyst. At pH 3, rGO_m achieved a 99 % degradation of caffeine in 90 min and was able to be reused in 4 consecutive cycles remaining 80 % of degradation capacity. At mild acidic conditions, the combined effect of adsorption and photo-Fenton reaction allows rGO_m to reach an 85 % decrease of initial caffeine concentration in 2 h, under simulated solar light radiation. This abatement capacity is noteworthy for high initial caffeine concentration (30 mg L⁻¹) and simulated solar light compared to similar nanocomposites tested under more favorable conditions, such us, low initial concentration and/or UV-light irradiation. Furthermore, rGO_m serving as adsorbent for caffeine attained a maximum uptake of 56.5 mg g⁻¹ at pH 5 and was able to be reused for 6 consecutive cycles without loss of adsorption capacity. Through its dual function this nanocomposite achieved enhanced adsorption and oxidative degradation of caffeine, making it a competitive option for removing emerging pollutants from wastewater under simulated solar light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device optimization of CsPbI2Br-based inorganic perovskite solar cells using different charge transport layers via SCAPS-1D","authors":"Muhammad Siddique ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sultan ,&nbsp;M.Shahid Iqbal Khan ,&nbsp;Syed Hamza Safeer","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 26 % in recent years. They can be produced at lowcost, and on flexible substrates. They have tunable bandgap making them suitable for a range of applications. However, the thermal instability of these devices is still a challenge for their commercialization. Recently, all-inorganic PSCs based on CsPbI₂Br emerged as a new potential candidate for photovoltaic applications due to their long-term thermal stability. Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software can be used to simulate and analyze the performance of perovskite solar cells. It can be used to study device modeling, solar cell parameter extraction, device optimization, and its comparison with experimental data. Here we have used SCAPS-1D to analyze the device parameters of inorganic perovskite solar cells (n-i-p configuration) with varying hole transport layers (HTLs) and electron transport layers (ETLs). Initially, different HTLs such as CuI, Cu₂O, CuSCN, and MoO_x are employed keeping ETL (TiO₂) and the absorber layer (CsPbI₂Br) fixed. The highest performance is obtained for devices containing CuSCN as HTL. Furthermore, device performance is further checked by varying the ETL such as ZnO, WS₂, and SnO₂ keeping HTL (CuSCN) and absorber layer (CsPbI₂Br) constant. The results showed that the device with configuration FTO/TiO₂/CsPbI₂Br/CuSCN/Fe shows better performance. In addition, for each device configuration, the effect of the charge transport layer’s thickness, the effect of absorber layer thickness, band gap, and defect density on the performance of the device has also been studied to obtain the best device performance. The thickness of the charge transport layers, and the absorber layer greatly affect the transport of photo-generated charges within the device. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) obtained for n-i-p configuration with TiO₂ (10 nm), CuSCN (30 nm) and absorber layer CsPbI₂Br (520 nm) is 14.66 %.The corresponding fill factor (FF) for the given configuration is 76.57 %, with short circuit current density (J_SC) of 16.4 mA/cm², and open circuit voltage (V_OC) of 1.16 V. We hope our findings will contribute to understanding the Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) structure with different hole transport layers, and ultimately lead to the development of more efficient, stable, and cost-effective perovskite solar cells for commercial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular gels as materials for energy storage devices","authors":"S.K. Suja,&nbsp;S. Mathiya","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement in science and technology behests the scientists for a more reliable energy storage device. Therefore, this has driven the researchers to find a better storage system with high efficiency. Electrochemical energy storage devices are in the limelight since it serves as the main supply of energy owing to their greatly improved energy density, power density, and high lifespan. The use of nanomaterials greatly enhances their performances. The drawback of such materials is their hindrance in the transport of electrons in energy devices. The emerging solution to such existing materials is supramolecular gels. Supramolecular gels are materials architected using small molecules <em>via</em> non-covalent interactions into a polymeric system. The dynamicity in the structure of supramolecular gels with reversibility in their network exhibits versatile properties. Therefore, suitably assembled supramolecular robust gels can be promising candidates in electrochemical energy storage. The interesting feature in supramolecular gels compared to other conventional materials is their reversible cross-linking, which enables them to fabricate 3D flexible electrodes, to exhibit resistance to high and low temperatures, and overcome external electrode damage reversibly. Supramolecular gel materials have been synthesized and their properties have been explored. The hierarchical pores, high surface area with tailorable strength, and the possibility of hybrid gels make them more suitable for various energy storage devices as electrolytes, electrode materials, and binding materials. Also, the macropores and micropores present in them pave the way for the diffusion of ions, addressing both the leakage and dendrite growth problems. Composite gels have been found to exhibit stable mechanical properties and could be used without the aid of any binding agent. Many conducting polymeric gels have been evolved to enhance the transport of electrons. The advantages of preparing hybrid supramolecular gels by incorporating the traditional nanomaterials into supramolecular gels are discussed. The various routes available for the synthesis of supramolecular gels and their potential applications as electrodes, electrolytes, and binders in energy storage devices are compiled in this review. The futuristic scope of supramolecular gels in the field of energy storage is also highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots and applications: An insight","authors":"Harmeet Kaur Kohli,&nbsp;Deepa Parab","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are tiny(less than 10 nanometers size) carbon-based nanoparticles. Their exceptional chemical stability, photo luminescent properties and biocompatibility have opened up fascinating and diverse areas of applications in fields ranging from optoelectronics and photo catalysis to bio imaging and drug delivery. Synthesizing CQDs through varied techniques provides an area of intensive research, aiming to achieve well- controlled precision over their dimensions, structure, and optical properties. The bottom-up approaches as well as the top- down synthesis strategies are the commonly used methods. However these methods not being environment friendly, there has been shift towards greener methods of synthesis. The synthesis of CQDs from natural precursors is an innovative and sustainable approach in nanotechnology. Natural precursors offer a rich source of carbon making them inherently biocompatible due to which they are ideal for synthesis of CQDs with minimal environmental impact with enhanced potential for biomedical and environmental applications due to low or minimal toxicity of the starting materials. In this article we discuss the different methods of synthesis of CQDs and describe the advantages of synthesis from natural precursors as well as their varied applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyhexanide derivatives-reinforced silver-polytetrafluoroethylene coatings for enhanced antibacterial properties","authors":"Chenghao Yao,&nbsp;Jingyang Lin,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an antibacterial silver-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-polyhexamethylene biguanide-surfactant (AgFP) coating was developed <em>via</em> electroless plating to combat biofilm-associated infections in medical devices. The incorporation of water-insoluble polyhexamethylene biguanide-surfactant enhanced the surface hydrophilicity of the coatings without compromising their lubricity, resulting in improved silver ion release. The AgFP coatings demonstrated sustained release of PHMB, leading to stronger antibacterial activity compared to silver (Ag) and silver-polytetrafluoroethylene (AgF) coatings, further reducing viable planktonic <em>Escherichia coli</em> by up to 98.1 % and biofilm formation by up to 92 % over three days. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed the coatings are biocompatible, positioning them as a promising strategy for preventing medical device-associated infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All chemically fabricated Co-Pt nanoparticle spin thermoelectric generator on plastic sheet","authors":"Yuichiro Kurokawa ,&nbsp;Keisuke Yamada ,&nbsp;Kenji Tanabe ,&nbsp;Hideki Matsui ,&nbsp;Hiromi Yuasa","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is a heat-charge conversion phenomenon based on magnetic metals that has been extensively studied for use in thermoelectric power generators and heat flow sensors. Thermoelectric power-generation devices require flexibility to accommodate a wide range of applications. In this study, we fabricated a thermoelectric power generator using Co-Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on plastic sheets via a chemical process. The ANE voltage in the Co-Pt NP-assembled film could be successfully observed. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of the NP-assembled film was lower than that of the thin film, owing to the large number of grain boundaries and voids that can scatter phonons. This is important for practical applications because the thermoelectric figure of merit is inversely proportional to thermal conductivity. These results indicate that Co-Pt NP-assembled films are promising materials because they suggest that a thermoelectric generator based on ANE can be fabricated using simple chemical processes that are advantageous for commercial use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of TiO2:Zn layer thickness on the performance of MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells fabricated under open-air condition","authors":"Mezan Adly Al Qadri ,&nbsp;Eka Nurfani","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, we study the effect of the layer thickness of 2 % mol Zn doped-TiO₂ layers on MAPbI₃-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) performance. MAPbI₃-based PCSs have low efficiency. One of the limiters of the MAPbI₃-based PSC’s efficiency is the thickness of TiO₂ and its electrical properties. This research aims to enhance MAPbI₃-based PSC efficiency by optimizing the thickness of the Zn-doped TiO₂ layer used as the electron transport layer (ETL). The samples were prepared by depositing Zn-doped TiO₂ onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates using a spin coating technique, resulting in samples with 1 (S1), 3 (S2), 5 (S3), and 7 (S4) times of coating and with the structure ITO/TiO₂:Zn/MAPbI₃/graphite/ITO. I-V electrical testing revealed increased MAPbI₃-based PSC efficiency from 11.33 % to 11.54 %, 12.46 %, and 12.97 % for 1, 3, 5, and 7 times of coating, respectively. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated a tetragonal crystal structure with an increase in crystallite size from 17.92 nm to 18.85, 19.73, 20.67 nm for 1, 3, 5, and 7 times of coating, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) on surface section confirmed that the particle size of each sample is 17.84, 25.23, 28.3, and 30.90 nm for 1, 3, 5, and 7 times of coating, respectively. Based on SEM on cross-sectional, the thickness of each sample is 346, 466, 569, and 695 nm, for 1, 3, 5, and 7 times of coating, respectively. UV–VIS spectroscopy analysis a decrease in the band gap from 3.3 eV to 3.25 eV, 3.2 eV, and 3.15 eV for 1, 3, 5, and 7 times of coating, respectively. These findings highlight the potential for improving MAPbI₃-based PSC efficiency by optimizing Zn-doped TiO₂ layer thickness, with significant implications for MAPbI₃-based PSC fabrication in open-air environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium-incorporated charge transfer states for room-temperature phosphorescence: A metal-free approach for high-performance OLEDs","authors":"Zijian Chen,&nbsp;Qing Gu,&nbsp;Mengke Li,&nbsp;Shi-Jian Su","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing device efficiency is crucial for making OLED technology commercially competitive, and this relies on maximizing exciton utilization. Phosphorescent materials, capable of utilizing both singlet and triplet excitons, have been developed to achieve nearly unity internal quantum efficiency. However, conventional phosphorescent materials rely on heavy metals such as iridium and platinum, which are costly and raise environmental concerns. In response, purely organic phosphorescent materials are being explored as sustainable alternatives that are free from precious metals. This study introduces a selenium-based purely organic emitter, SeXPXSe, featuring charge transfer states that enhance spin-orbit coupling, thereby promoting efficient intersystem crossing and triplet exciton utilization. SeXPXSe achieves a high phosphorescence quantum yield of 60 % and a phosphorescence lifetime of 2.6 ms in doped film. OLED device incorporating SeXPXSe as emitter demonstrates a maximum external quantum efficiency up to 14.7 %, along with stable electroluminescence spectra and high exciton utilization, highlighting the potential of purely organic phosphorescent materials as promising candidates for environmentally friendly and high-performance OLED applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rutile-quartz separation in benzohydroxamic acid and sodium oleate flotation systems","authors":"Zhiguo Yu ,&nbsp;Lihua Peng ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Zou ,&nbsp;Zechen Hu ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Ji ,&nbsp;Deren Yang ,&nbsp;Xuegong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being a popular rutile-quartz mineral separation method, traditional flotation is often inefficient, expensive, and causes environmental pollution. In this study, we propose a novel method for the efficient flotation-based separation of rutile from quartz by using a combination of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) and sodium oleate (NaOL). By utilizing X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential analysis, we investigated the mineral flotation behavior and collector adsorption mechanism. The single mineral flotation experiments indicated that BHA and NaOL could effectively promote rutile floating, with up to 84.5 % flotation recovery at pH 9. At a rutile:quartz mass ratio of 1:3, the titanium oxide (TiO₂) grade reached 61.5 %, with a rutile flotation recovery of 77.0 % for the froth products. We finally established a dual-mode flotation model to explain the flotation separation mechanism of rutile and quartz using the combined BHA+NaOL collector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}