Next Materials最新文献_第2页

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100427

Jicheng Zhuo , Yang Chen , Zan Zhang , Shenglong Wang, Peng Sang, Yuede Cao, Zhixiang Qi, Henggao Xiang, Daixiu Wei, Gong Zheng, Yongsheng Li, Guang Chen

Lamella is a unique microstructure in matters that possesses special properties. The formation and evolution of lamellar microstructures are crucial for achieving super abilities, while the mechanisms of lamellar formation and evolution at the nanoscale are unclear. Driving by the interesting while uncovered micromechanism in lamellar microstructure evolution, we performed the phase-field simulation and experiment to investigate the multiple splitting behaviors of lamellar Ti-Al alloys. The splitting mode of lamella is discovered, inner splitting (IS) and outside splitting (OS). The originations of splitting are found to come from the high interfacial energy of step-like interface between γ variants for the IS, and the stress concentration at α₂/γ interface drives step-like interface for the OS. The lamellar splitting is complied with the energy change in matter, decreasing in total free energy and elastic energy, while increasing in interfacial energy. These findings provide the new mechanisms of internal lamellar interface breaking driven by the interfacial energy. Therefrom, the expected matter features will be achieved by the strategy of microstructure modulation and optimization.

层状结构是物质中一种独特的微观结构，具有特殊的性质。层状微结构的形成和演化是实现超能力的关键，而层状微结构在纳米尺度上的形成和演化机制尚不清楚。在层状微结构演化的微观机制尚未揭示的有趣现象的驱动下，我们进行了相场模拟和实验，研究了层状钛铝合金的多重分裂行为。我们发现了薄片的分裂模式，即内部分裂（IS）和外部分裂（OS）。在内层分裂中，γ 变体之间阶梯状界面的高界面能是分裂的起源；在外层分裂中，α2/γ 界面的应力集中驱动了阶梯状界面。层状分裂与物质的能量变化一致，总自由能和弹性能降低，而界面能增加。这些发现提供了由界面能驱动的内部薄片界面断裂的新机制。因此，通过微观结构调制和优化策略，可以实现预期的物质特征。

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引用次数: 0

Corrosion behaviour of Cu-plate current collector under ex-situ cyclic stability testing for energy storage application 用于储能应用的铜板集流器在原位循环稳定性测试下的腐蚀行为

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100430

Eugene Sefa Appiah , Samuel Olukayode Akinwamide , Eric A.K. Fangnon , Kwadwo Mensah-Darkwa , Anthony Andrews , Frank Ofori Agyemang , Martinson Addo Nartey , Katlego Makgopa , Pedro Vilaça

This study compares the corrosion behaviour of a copper plate current collector subjected to an ex-situ cyclic stability test in a 6 M KOH and a 6 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte solution for an electrochemical supercapacitor cell. Through experimental analysis, the change in microstructures resulting from the corrosion behaviour of the copper plate current collector samples are examined by employing various analytical techniques, including microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface roughness analyzer. The corrosion behaviour was studied by employing potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. The copper plate current collector samples analysed in 6 M KOH and 6 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte solution showed uniform and localized corrosion product formation, respectively. The CU-72HRS sample recorded a corrosion potential of −608.6 mV, −628.87 mV, and −89.5 mV, −87.588 mV using both Tafel and resistance polarization data fitting analysis, respectively, for both 6 M KOH and 6 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte solution using a scan rate of 5 mV/s at a voltage window of −1–1 V. Comparing the microstructural changes under various cyclic conditions provides valuable insights into the durability and reliability of copper plates as current collectors in energy storage systems. The results of this study help improve our understanding of the supercapacitor cell performance in ex-situ cyclic stability tests, assisting in the development of more efficient and durable energy storage technologies.

本研究比较了用于电化学超级电容器电池的铜板集流器在 6 M KOH 和 6 M Na2SO4 电解质溶液中进行原位循环稳定性测试时的腐蚀行为。通过实验分析，采用各种分析技术，包括显微镜、光谱和表面粗糙度分析仪，研究了铜板集流器样品腐蚀行为导致的微观结构变化。腐蚀行为的研究采用了电位极化和电化学阻抗光谱分析。在 6 M KOH 和 6 M Na2SO4 电解质溶液中分析的铜板集流体样品分别显示出均匀和局部腐蚀产物的形成。在 6 M KOH 和 6 M Na2SO4 电解质溶液中，使用塔菲尔和电阻极化数据拟合分析法，在-1-1 V 电压窗口下以 5 mV/s 的扫描速率，CU-72HRS 样品分别记录到 -608.6 mV、-628.87 mV 和 -89.5 mV、-87.588 mV 的腐蚀电位。通过比较各种循环条件下的微观结构变化，我们可以深入了解作为储能系统中电流收集器的铜板的耐用性和可靠性。这项研究的结果有助于我们更好地了解超级电容器电池在原位循环稳定性测试中的性能，有助于开发更高效、更耐用的储能技术。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the power of sulfide solid electrolytes for next-generation all-solid-state lithium batteries 为下一代全固态锂电池揭开硫化物固体电解质的神秘面纱

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100428

Chang Xu , Liquan Chen , Fan Wu

Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising materials for next-generation all-solid-state lithium batteries due to their high ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, and compatibility with advanced electrodes like lithium metal. Recent advancements have focused on optimizing synthesis techniques, including both solid-phase and liquid-phase methods, alongside strategic doping modifications that enhance ionic conductivity and improve chemical stability. Despite these improvements, challenges remain, particularly in stabilizing interfaces between sulfide solid electrolytes and electrodes, as chemical reactivity leads to resistive layers and reduced battery performance. Efforts to address these challenges involve protective coatings, surface engineering, and advanced structural modifications. Additionally, sulfide solid electrolytes face environmental sensitivity, with exposure to air and moisture leading to degradation. To counter this, strategies such as hybrid electrolyte systems and surface treatments are being investigated to ensure long-term stability under various conditions. This review summarizes recent developments in sulfide solid electrolytes synthesis, doping modification, and interface engineering, while outlining future directions needed for the successful commercialization of all-solid-state lithium batteries, positioning sulfide-based electrolytes as key components for advancing battery safety, efficiency, and energy density.

硫化物固体电解质具有高离子电导率、机械性能以及与锂金属等先进电极的兼容性，是下一代全固态锂电池的理想材料。最近的进展主要集中在优化合成技术上，包括固相和液相方法，以及战略性的掺杂改性，以提高离子导电性和化学稳定性。尽管取得了这些进步，但挑战依然存在，特别是在稳定硫化物固体电解质与电极之间的界面方面，因为化学反应会导致电阻层和电池性能降低。应对这些挑战的努力涉及保护涂层、表面工程和先进的结构改造。此外，硫化物固体电解质还面临环境敏感性问题，暴露在空气和湿气中会导致降解。为了解决这一问题，目前正在研究混合电解质系统和表面处理等策略，以确保在各种条件下的长期稳定性。本综述总结了硫化物固体电解质合成、掺杂改性和界面工程方面的最新进展，同时概述了全固态锂电池成功商业化所需的未来发展方向，将硫化物电解质定位为提高电池安全性、效率和能量密度的关键成分。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of MoO3’s blend in hole transporting layer on the performance of Alq3-based OLEDs 空穴传输层中混入的 MoO3 对基于 Alq3 的有机发光二极管性能的影响

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100426

Yukang Zhao , Jiangsen Su , Wenjing Zou , Youzhi Wu , Cairong Zhang , Ming Shao

MoO₃ was introduced in a typical hole transporting material N,N’-diphenyl-N,N’-bis(1-naphthyl) (1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’diamine (NPB) to improve the performance of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃) based organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is found that MoO₃ in NPB layer has a significant quenching effect on the electroluminescence of the device, although the current density-voltage characteristics of the devices is improved. At a current density of 20 mA/cm², the driving voltage of the device with MoO₃-blended NPB (50 wt%) is 5.83 V, which is 0.77 V lower than that (6.6 V) of the device without MoO₃, while the brightness (54.3 cd/m²) or current efficiency (0.27 cd/A) of the former is one order of magnitude lower than that (735 cd/m² or 3.68 cd/A) of the latter. The formation of energy gap states by the charge transfer between MoO₃ and NPB or Alq₃ is used to explain the results.

在典型的空穴传输材料 N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-双（1-萘基）（1,1'-联苯）-4,4'二胺（NPB）中引入了 MoO3，以改善基于三（8-羟基喹啉）铝（Alq3）的有机发光二极管（OLED）的性能。研究发现，NPB 层中的 MoO3 对器件的电致发光有显著的淬灭作用，但器件的电流密度-电压特性得到了改善。在电流密度为 20 mA/cm2 时，含有 MoO3 混合 NPB（50 wt%）的器件的驱动电压为 5.83 V，比不含有 MoO3 的器件的驱动电压（6.6 V）低 0.77 V，而前者的亮度（54.3 cd/m2）或电流效率（0.27 cd/A）比后者（735 cd/m2 或 3.68 cd/A）低一个数量级。MoO3 与 NPB 或 Alq3 之间的电荷转移所形成的能隙态被用来解释这些结果。

引用次数: 0

Gadolinium doped-zirconium oxide-graphitic carbon nitride heterostructures for photocatalytic degradation of eosin yellow dye in water 用于光催化降解水中曙红黄染料的掺杂钆氧化锆-石墨氮化碳异质结构

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100424

Charles Kwame Bandoh , Moro Haruna , David Adu-Poku , Bernice Yram Danu , Mandela Toku , Francis Kofi Ampong , Robert Kwame Nkum , Eric Selorm Agorku

In this paper, we present the impact of gadolinium (Gd) on the structure, optical absorption, and photocatalytic activities of zirconium oxide-graphitic carbon nitride (ZrO₂-g-C₃N₄) nanocomposites for the decomposition of eosin yellow (EY) dye in synthetic wastewater. Chemical co-precipitation was used to synthesize the photocatalysts, which was then followed by calcination. The structural examination of the synthesized samples showed that the bare ZrO₂ possesses the monoclinic phase of zirconium oxide. However, a complete monoclinic to cubic phase transformation occurred in the nanocomposites at a relatively higher dopant concentration. Additionally, optical absorbance measurement exhibited a reduction in bandgap from 3.82 to 3.17 eV which was attributed to the creation of defect states within the forbidden gap of the metal oxides, brought about by the introduction of both the Gd and the g-C₃N₄. The degradation outcome indicated that incorporating Gd into the ZrO₂-g-C₃N₄ system substantially improved its degradation activities. The tremendous degradation efficiency was confirmed to rise remarkably from 30 % to 97 %, with a corresponding rate constant (k) of

5.7 \times 10^{- 4} \min^{- 1}

and

17.1 \times 10^{- 2} \min^{- 1}

. The photodegradation results of this study showed that the optimum dopant percentage concentration was found to be 0.8 % Gd, beyond which a decline in the photocatalytic efficiency was realized. The enhanced photodegradation performances of the Gd-ZrO₂-g-C₃N₄ heterostructures were attributed to numerous factors such as enhanced light absorption, efficient charge separation, and enhanced surface area.

本文研究了钆（Gd）对氧化锆-石墨化氮化碳（ZrO2-g-C3N4）纳米复合材料的结构、光吸收和光催化活性的影响，用于分解合成废水中的曙红黄（EY）染料。光催化剂采用化学共沉淀法合成，然后进行煅烧。对合成样品的结构检测表明，裸 ZrO2 具有氧化锆的单斜相。然而，当掺杂剂浓度相对较高时，纳米复合材料发生了从单斜相到立方相的完全转变。此外，光学吸光度测量显示带隙从 3.82 eV 减小到 3.17 eV，这归因于引入钆和 g-C3N4 后在金属氧化物的禁带隙内产生了缺陷态。降解结果表明，在 ZrO2-g-C3N4 系统中加入 Gd 大大提高了其降解活性。降解效率从 30% 显著提高到 97%，相应的速率常数（k）分别为 5.7×10-4min-1 和 17.1×10-2min-1。光降解结果表明，最佳掺杂百分比浓度为 0.8%，超过这一浓度，光催化效率就会下降。Gd-ZrO2-g-C3N4 异质结构的光降解性能增强归因于多种因素，如光吸收能力增强、电荷分离效率高和表面积增大。

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引用次数: 0

Ultralong photoluminescence lifetime enables efficient tin halide perovskite solar cells 超长的光致发光寿命实现了高效的锡卤化物过氧化物太阳能电池

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100425

Miao Zhang , Peng Wang , Huanhuan Yao , Cheng Wu , Mingyu Yin , Hongju Qiu , Jie Luo , Jialin Du , Yong Hua , Feng Hao

Lewis base additives typically undergo interactions with SnI₂ to achieve effective defect passivation in lead-free perovskite films. In this work, the thiophene ring in 2-thiophenethylammonium chloride (TEACl) has coordination interactions with Sn²⁺ and the -NH₃⁺ therein forms hydrogen bonds with I^-. This facilitates the deposition of homogeneous and dense films with fewer defects during crystallization process. Otherwise, 2-pyridinethylammonium chloride (AEPCl) gives poorly perovskite films with high defect density because of the overly strong interaction with SnI₂. As a result, the average photoluminescence life time of TEACl-passivated perovskite film was substantially increased to 22.04 ns, compared with the control film (5.15 ns) and the AEPCl-passivated film (3.55 ns). Ultimately, the target solar cell with TEACl passivation presented a power conversion efficiency of 13.24% and excellent shelf-stand stability with a 90% retaining of initial efficiency after 2000 h of aging in N₂ atmosphere. This work sheds new light on the structural tailoring of Lewis base passivators for efficient defect passivation in lead-free tin halide perovskites.

路易斯碱添加剂通常会与 SnI2 发生相互作用，从而在无铅过氧化物薄膜中实现有效的缺陷钝化。在这项研究中，2-噻吩乙基氯化铵（TEACl）中的噻吩环与 Sn2+ 发生配位相互作用，其中的 -NH3+ 与 I- 形成氢键。这有助于在结晶过程中沉积出均匀致密且缺陷较少的薄膜。否则，由于 2-吡啶乙基氯化铵（AEPCl）与 SnI2 的相互作用过于强烈，会产生缺陷密度较高的劣质过氧化物薄膜。因此，与对照薄膜（5.15 ns）和 AEPCl 钝化薄膜（3.55 ns）相比，TEACl 钝化包晶薄膜的平均光致发光寿命大幅延长至 22.04 ns。最终，经过 TEACl 钝化处理的目标太阳能电池的功率转换效率达到了 13.24%，并且在氮气环境中老化 2000 小时后仍能保持 90% 的初始效率，具有极佳的搁置稳定性。这项研究为无铅卤化锡包晶石中路易斯基钝化剂的高效缺陷钝化结构定制提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Photogalvanics of the lactic acid reductant - Carmoisine A photosensitizer-CAPB surfactant electrolyte: An optimization, stability and illumination window size effect 乳酸还原剂-Carmoisine A 光敏剂-CAPB 表面活性剂电解质的光电效应：优化、稳定性和光照窗口大小效应

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100419

Anamika Charan , Pooran Koli , Jyoti Saren

The photogalvanic cells presented in this research work are energy devices having dual role of simultaneous solar power generation and storage. The study of photogalvanics of the Lactic acid reductant-Carmoisine A photosensitizer- Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) surfactant-NaOH alkali has been done under artificial illumination for exploring a most suitable combination of photosensitizer, reductant and surfactant for further enhancing the solar harvesting efficiency. This combination of chemicals (Lactic acid-Carmoisine A-CAPB-NaOH) has shown remarkable improvement in the cell performance. The optimum conditions for cell have also been investigated for optimal cell performance. The electrical output of the cell has been found to depend on the cumulative effect of all cell fabrication variables. The observed power is of the order 1012.70 μW with efficiency 28.84 %. The electrical out-put of the photo-galvanic cells is found almost independent of the size of the illumination window. The initial power generated from the cell was ∼309.0 µW (taken as 100 %), and power at the end of 6th day was ∼0.0009 %. This long term study of the cell in post-illuminated dark conditions shows capacity of the cell to store and release the power over long period of time. Therefore, the Lactic acid reductant-Carmoisine A photosensitizer -CAPB surfactant combination is a good alternative for use in the fabrication of highly efficient photogalvanic cells.

这项研究工作中提出的光电电池是一种能源设备，具有同时太阳能发电和储存的双重作用。研究人员在人工照明下对乳酸还原剂-羧甲基胂 A 光敏剂-椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAPB）表面活性剂-NaOH 碱的光电效应进行了研究，以探索光敏剂、还原剂和表面活性剂的最合适组合，从而进一步提高太阳能收集效率。这种化学组合（乳酸-羧基甲酸-CAPB-NaOH）显著提高了电池的性能。为了实现最佳的电池性能，还对电池的最佳条件进行了研究。研究发现，电池的电力输出取决于所有电池制造变量的累积效应。观察到的功率为 1012.70 μW，效率为 28.84%。光栅电池的输出功率几乎与照明窗口的大小无关。电池产生的初始功率为 309.0 μW（取 100%），第 6 天结束时的功率为 0.0009%。对细胞在光照后黑暗条件下的长期研究表明，细胞具有长期储存和释放能量的能力。因此，乳酸还原剂-Carmoisine A 光敏剂-CAPB 表面活性剂组合是用于制造高效光电电池的良好选择。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Recent advance in Mn-based Li-rich cathode materials: Oxygen release mechanism and its solution strategies based on electronic structure perspective, spanning from commercial liquid batteries to all-solid-state batteries” [Next Mater. 6 (2025) 100408] 富锰基锂正极材料的最新进展：从商用液态电池到全固态电池的氧释放机理及其基于电子结构视角的解决策略" [Next Mater.

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100423

Ning Wang , Jiaxuan Yin , Haoran Li , Tiancheng Wang , Shengrui Cui , Wenchao Yan , Wei Liu , Yongcheng Jin

引用次数: 0

Experimental and theoretical study of size-dependent phase evolution in NaCl-KCl alloys NaCl-KCl 合金中与尺寸有关的相变的实验和理论研究

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100415

Sumeet Kumar , Shashank Shekhar Mishra , Niladri Naskar , Suman Sarkar , Sanjay Kashyap , Nirmal Kumar Katiyar , Manas Paliwal , Krishanu Biswas , C.S. Tiwary , Kamanio Chattopadhyay

In the present investigation, the formation of nanocrystalline bi-alkali halide (NaCl+KCl) obtained by combined low temperature (cryomilling) with room temperature (RT) milling was reported. The cryomilling, which is endowed with special ability to accelerated fracture and form free ionic salt crystals, is utilized for rapid refinement. This is followed by RT milling to form biphasic nanocrystallites. The bi-phase formation with the time of milling was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The change in lattice parameter and introduction of micro-strain in the lattice (due to cold work and bi-phase formation) have been characterized using X-ray diffraction and deduce using theoretical calculations. The investigation reveals the influence of milling time on the shape and size of the crystallites along with formation of biphasic NaCl-KCl crystallites with inner core being NaCl surrounded by KCl crystals. The KCl powder particles get deposited on the surface of NaCl crystals to maintain the charge neutrality during ball milling. The shape of NaCl undergoes change from cuboid to cuboctahedron with the progression of milling time due to plastic deformation induced roughing. The temperature-dependent mechanical behaviour and associated mechanism of the milled NaCl-KCl system were discussed and supported by the thermodynamic modal. It is evident, NaCl-KCl is phase separating system, which accentuated at nanosized and hence, the formation of biphasic crystalline structure is observed during combined cryo and RT milling.

本研究报告了通过低温（冷冻）和室温（RT）联合研磨获得的纳米晶双碱卤化物（NaCl+KCl）的形成过程。低温研磨具有加速断裂和形成游离离子盐晶体的特殊能力，可用于快速细化。然后进行实时研磨，形成双相纳米晶。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对随着研磨时间形成的双相进行了表征。利用 X 射线衍射表征了晶格参数的变化和晶格中引入的微应变（由于冷加工和双相形成），并利用理论计算进行了推导。研究表明，研磨时间对晶体的形状和大小有影响，同时还形成了 NaCl-KCl 双相晶体，内核为 NaCl，周围为 KCl 晶体。在球磨过程中，KCl 粉末颗粒沉积在 NaCl 晶体表面，以保持电荷中性。由于塑性变形引起的粗糙化，随着研磨时间的延长，NaCl 的形状从立方体变为立方八面体。讨论了研磨 NaCl-KCl 系统随温度变化的机械行为和相关机理，并得到了热力学模态的支持。很明显，NaCl-KCl 是相分离体系，在纳米级时更明显，因此在低温和高温联合研磨过程中观察到了双相晶体结构的形成。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical activation of MnS as an efficient conversion-type Cu2+ storage electrode 电化学活化 MnS 作为高效转换型 Cu2+ 储存电极

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100422

Nan Huang , Chenqi Yao , Juanjuan Cheng , Fawang Li , Yunzhuo Zhao , Yun Ou , Longfei Liu

Electrochemical activation can turn inactive materials into active materials in situ for energy storage facilely, controllably and efficiently, which makes metal sulfides feasible for Cu²⁺ storage based on electrochemical activated into CuS. Among common heavy metal sulfides, MnS has the highest solubility product and high Cu²⁺ adsorption and exchange rate in the copper removal by vulcanization in nickel electrolytic anodic solution. Here, MnS is electrochemical activated in situ in aqueous Cu-ion battery, and the effects of crystal structure and particle size on the electrochemical activation of MnS were revealed. The results show that both α, γ-MnS can be electrochemical activated, and activation cycling number is related to the particle size of MnS. When the MnS particle size is ball-milled small enough (1–2 μm), MnS will be completely transformed into CuS during the first discharge process, and then CuS↔Cu₂S will participate in the reversible conversion reaction for copper storage. When the MnS particle size is larger (> 10 μm), the α-MnS electrode capacity gradually increases and becomes stable after 30 cycles, and the capacity remains at 458.6 mAh g^–1 after 300 cycles.

电化学活化可以方便、可控、高效地将非活性材料就地转化为储能的活性材料，这使得基于电化学活化为 CuS 的金属硫化物用于 Cu2+ 储能成为可能。在常见的重金属硫化物中，MnS的溶度积最高，在镍电解阳极溶液中硫化除铜时具有较高的Cu2+吸附和交换率。本文对MnS在水性铜离子电池中进行了原位电化学活化，并揭示了晶体结构和粒度对MnS电化学活化的影响。结果表明，α、γ-MnS都能被电化学活化，且活化循环数与MnS的粒度有关。当 MnS 的粒径足够小（1-2 μm）时，MnS 会在第一次放电过程中完全转化为 CuS，然后 CuS↔Cu2S 会参与可逆转化反应以储存铜。当 MnS 粒径较大（10 μm）时，α-MnS 电极的容量会逐渐增加，并在 30 个循环后趋于稳定，300 个循环后容量仍保持在 458.6 mAh g-1 的水平。

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引用次数: 0