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Sustainable mechanochemical synthesis of zeolite/periwinkle shell nanocomposites for lead adsorption and antimicrobial activity 沸石/长春花壳纳米复合材料吸附铅及抗菌性能的可持续机械化学合成

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101581

Prosper Elechi , Amarachi Udoka Nkwoada , Clinton Silas Okpara , Tochukwu Ifeanyi Nwakile , Dele.Peter Fapojuwo , Chidozie Peter Chikezie , Samuel Anthonio Kalu , Callistus Izunna Iheme , Chike Anthony Nweze , Stanley Chinonso Ukanero , Chima Kenneth Oguzie , Christopher Ikpe-Amadi Nwoko

Zeolite/periwinkle shell ash (Ze/PSA) nanocomposite was prepared via the mechanochemical technique and characterized by SEM/EDX, TEM, AFM, XRD, FTIR, and BET to determine its morphological, structural, and surface characteristics for Pb^2 + adsorption and antimicrobial treatment. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined to vary from 2.5 to 12.5 mg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The nanocomposite was hierarchically porous, polydisperse nanoparticle (1.55–22.25 nm) and possesses a large surface area (396.2 m²/g), good for adsorption and trapping of microbes. The optimum pH of 6.0 yielded ∼92 % removal of Pb²⁺ in 90 min. The adsorption data were equally well-described by both the Langmuir (qe = 102.04 mg/g) and Freundlich (K_F∼ = 9.85 mg/g)(L//mg)1/n) isotherm models, with similar high correlation coefficients (R² = 0.999). Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model (qe = 107.70 mg/g), indicating a chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic data; ΔH° = + 28.15 kJ/mol, ΔS° = + 114.83 J/mol revealed a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-favored adsorption. Hence, Ze/PSA emerges as a promising, cost-effective adsorbent with robust mechanistic properties, making it an attractive option for metal-selective adsorption of Pb²⁺ over Cu (II), Cd (II), Zn (II)^, and for antimicrobial applications. Future work should include validation of the binding mechanisms and testing with real wastewater to confirm practical applicability and cost-effectiveness, utilizing advanced spectroscopic techniques.

采用机械化学方法制备了沸石/紫菀壳灰（Ze/PSA）纳米复合材料，并通过SEM/EDX、TEM、AFM、XRD、FTIR和BET等手段对其进行了表征，以确定其形态、结构和表面特征，并对Pb2 +进行了吸附和抗菌处理。对铜绿假单胞菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为2.5 ~ 12.5 mg/mL。该纳米复合材料具有分层多孔、多分散的纳米颗粒（1.55-22.25 nm），具有较大的表面积（396.2 m2/g），有利于吸附和捕获微生物。最优pH为6.0，在90 min内Pb2+去除率为~ 92 %。Langmuir （qe = 102.04 mg/g）和Freundlich （KF ~ = 9.85 mg/g)(L//mg)1/n）等温线模型均能很好地描述吸附数据，具有相似的高相关系数（R²= 0.999）。动力学数据用拟二阶模型（qe = 107.70 mg/g）描述最好，表明其为化学吸附机制。热力学数据;ΔH°= + 28.15 kJ/mol， ΔS°= + 114.83 J/mol表现为自发、吸热、熵优吸附。因此，Ze/PSA作为一种具有强大机械性能的有前途的、具有成本效益的吸附剂出现，使其成为金属选择性吸附Pb2+在Cu （II）、Cd （II）、Zn （II）上的有吸引力的选择，并用于抗菌应用。未来的工作应该包括结合机制的验证和实际废水的测试，以确认实用性和成本效益，利用先进的光谱技术。

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引用次数: 0

PVDF composites reinforced by dispersed Al2O3 particles for thermally and mechanically stable separators in lithium-ion battery 分散Al2O3颗粒增强PVDF复合材料用于锂离子电池中热稳定和机械稳定的隔膜

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101676

M. Sabri , Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc , Utkarsh Kumar , Ade Irwan , Suprianto , Fadly Ahmad Kurniawan Nasution , Muhammad Amir Yusuf Harahap , Muhammad Gilang Husni Lubis , Trung Phan Nghia , Adri Huda , Ha Minh Ngoc , Van-Duong Dao , Le Minh Thang , Reisya Ichwani

The performances and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) strongly depend on the integrity of the separators, that prevent immediate contact between cathodes and anodes in battery. To enhance the stability of lithium-ion batteries at high-temperature, incorporating inorganic materials such as Al₂O₃ into polymer composites is advisable for separators applications. Here, we fabricated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes reinforced with alumina (Al₂O₃) in nanopowder (PVDF/Al₂O₃) and colloidal form (PVDF/c-Al₂O₃) via phase inversion. The results show that colloidal Al₂O₃ particles were evenly distributed within the PVDF membranes compared to the PVDF/Al₂O₃ composites, which led to minimal shrinkage up to 200 °C, high ionic conductivity (4.0 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹), and improved mechanical strength. Significant strengthening and the strain rate sensitivity coefficients on mechanical properties of the resulted composites were also determined. Batteries assembled with the PVDF/c-Al₂O₃ composites as separators demonstrated stable capacity retention of 96.8 % after 70 charge-discharge cycles at 0.2 C. These findings suggest that PVDF/c-Al₂O₃ composites are promising thermally and mechanically durable separators for advanced lithium-ion battery applications.

锂离子电池（lib）的性能和安全性在很大程度上取决于隔膜的完整性，它可以防止电池中阴极和阳极之间的直接接触。为了提高锂离子电池在高温下的稳定性，最好在聚合物复合材料中加入Al₂O₃等无机材料。在这里，我们通过相转化制备了纳米粉末（PVDF/Al₂O₃）和胶体形式（PVDF/c-Al₂O₃）的氧化铝（Al₂O₃）增强的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）复合膜。结果表明，与PVDF/Al₂O₃复合材料相比，胶体Al₂O₃颗粒均匀地分布在PVDF膜内，这导致最小的收缩达到200 °C，高离子电导率（4.0 × 10⁻³S cm），并且提高了机械强度。实验还确定了复合材料的显著强化和应变率对力学性能的敏感系数。用PVDF/ C - al₂O₃复合材料作为隔膜组装的电池在0.2 ℃下进行70次充放电循环后，容量保持率稳定在96.8% %。这些发现表明，PVDF/c-Al₂O₃复合材料是先进锂离子电池应用中有前途的热耐用和机械耐用的分离器。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling and optimization of cadmium adsorption using dead Pseudomonas biomass isolates from brassware effluents using Box-Behnken Design and Artificial Neural Networks 利用Box-Behnken设计和人工神经网络对铜器废水中死亡假单胞菌生物量分离物吸附镉的建模和优化

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101660

Fatima Ez-zahrae Mrizak , Konouz Hamidallah , Mohamed M. Elsenety , Mona Benali , Mohamed Amine Chajid , Ignacio D. Rodriguez-Llorente , Mohammed Merzouki

This study investigates the potential of indigenous dead Pseudomonas biomass isolated from brassware workshop effluents as a potential adsorbent for cadmium elimination from effluents, addressing the dual challenge of metallic pollution and industrial waste management. The optimization of cadmium adsorption capacity by dead Pseudomonas biomass has been accomplished through a Box-Behnken Design integrated with Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks. Optimal parameters identified (temperature 45°C, pH 9, biosorbent dose 2 g. L⁻¹, contact duration 75 min) enabled achievement of a maximum removal efficiency of 99.69 %. The dead Pseudomonas biomass was characterized using X-ray diffraction, iodine index determination, scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The favorable mesoporous structure (specific surface 16.69 m². g⁻¹, pore volume 0.02294 cm³.g⁻¹, average pore diameter 5.50 nm) for metallic ion diffusion has been confirmed. Adsorption equilibrium analysis indicates that the Langmuir model best represents the process, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 52.34 mg. g⁻¹ consistent with monolayer adsorption on homogeneous sites. Kinetic study validates the pseudo-second-order model as the best fit, suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic parameters confirm the spontaneous and endothermic nature of biosorption. Overall, this work demonstrates a circular economy approach by valorizing industrial effluents into efficient biosorbents, simultaneously addressing pollution control and waste management challenges in the metal finishing industry.

本研究探讨了从铜器车间废水中分离的本地死亡假单胞菌生物量作为去除废水中镉的潜在吸附剂的潜力，解决了金属污染和工业废物管理的双重挑战。通过响应面法和人工神经网络相结合的Box-Behnken设计，优化了假单胞菌死亡生物量对镉的吸附能力。确定了最佳参数（温度45°C， pH 9，生物吸附剂剂量2 g）。L−1，接触时间75 min)，最大去除效率为99.69 %。利用x射线衍射、碘指数测定、扫描电镜、zeta电位分析、x射线荧光光谱、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller表面分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱对假单胞菌的生物量进行了表征。优越的介孔结构（比表面积16.69 m2）。G−1，孔隙体积0.02294 cm3。G−1，平均孔径5.50 nm)，金属离子扩散得到了证实。吸附平衡分析表明，Langmuir模型最能反映该过程，最大吸附量为52.34 mg。G−1符合均相位点上的单层吸附。动力学研究验证了伪二阶模型的最佳拟合，表明化学吸附是反应的限速步骤。热力学参数证实了生物吸附的自发和吸热性质。总的来说，这项工作通过将工业废水转化为高效的生物吸附剂，同时解决金属加工行业的污染控制和废物管理挑战，展示了一种循环经济方法。

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引用次数: 0

Calcination-tuned copper oxide nanoparticles for tomato seedling growth and vigour through nano-priming 煅烧调谐氧化铜纳米颗粒对番茄幼苗生长和活力的影响

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101638

Sushma Shree Krishnappa, Shankramma Kalikeri

In the quest for sustainable agriculture innovations, nanotechnology is a critical tool for enhancing crop yields in fluctuating climates. This study investigated the potential use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) synthesized by Co-Precipitation and heat-treated for varying durations at different temperatures (200°C to 800°C, 2–6 h) as nano-priming agents for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Aahan F1) seeds. Structural and surface Characterizations, such as UV -Vis, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, DLS, and zeta potential, revealed that calcination temperature and time had a significant impact on particle size, crystallinity, and surface charge of CuO NPs. The best result was obtained by calcining at 600°C for 4 h, which produced particles with improved crystallinity, an average size of approximately 80 nm, and a zeta potential of −16.84 mV. These conditions favoured interactions between the seeds and the NPs. The tests indicated dose-response when seeds were treated with different NP concentrations, 5–100 mg/L. Low to moderate concentrations of 50–70 mg/L significantly improved germination rates, reaching up to 95 %, along with seedling vigour, biomass, and root-shoot growth. However, concentrations over 100 mg/L caused oxidative stress, which hindered growth and led to harmful effects on the plants. The influence of calcination time at a steady temperature (600°C) also showed that longer heating (6 hrs) resulted in clumping and less stability, while (4 hrs) offered the best colloidal properties and uniform shape. These results highlight the important role of heating conditions in optimising nanoparticle efficiency. This research suggests that calcination-engineered CuO NPs are an eco-friendly, scalable, and effective strategy for seed nano-priming that can promote early plant growth, serving as a promising alternative to traditional agrochemicals.

在寻求可持续农业创新的过程中，纳米技术是在波动的气候条件下提高作物产量的关键工具。本研究探讨了共沉淀法合成的氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NPs）在不同温度（200℃~ 800℃，2-6 h）下的不同热处理时间作为番茄（Solanum lycopersicum cv.）纳米引发剂的潜在用途。啊哈，F1)种子。结构和表面表征（如UV -Vis、XRD、FTIR、FESEM、DLS和zeta电位）表明，煅烧温度和时间对CuO NPs的粒度、结晶度和表面电荷有显著影响。在600℃下煅烧4 h，得到了结晶度提高的颗粒，平均尺寸约为80 nm， zeta电位为−16.84 mV。这些条件有利于种子和NPs之间的相互作用。不同NP浓度（5 ~ 100 mg/L）对种子处理有剂量效应。低至中等浓度的50-70 mg/L显著提高了发芽率，最高可达95 %，同时还提高了幼苗活力、生物量和根冠生长。当浓度超过100 mg/L时，会引起氧化应激，抑制植物生长，对植物产生有害影响。在稳定温度下（600℃）煅烧时间的影响也表明，较长的加热时间（6小时）会导致结块和稳定性降低，而4小时的加热时间可以提供最佳的胶体性能和均匀的形状。这些结果突出了加热条件在优化纳米颗粒效率中的重要作用。该研究表明，煅烧工程的氧化铜NPs是一种生态友好、可扩展且有效的种子纳米启动策略，可以促进植物早期生长，是传统农用化学品的有前途的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-addition on nano-encapsulated fullerene derivatives bearing one functional group: Impact of the initial moiety 含一个官能团的纳米封装富勒烯衍生物的多加成反应：初始部分的影响

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101612

Anna Pantelia , Tània Pèlachs , Clara Sabrià , Carles Fuertes-Espinosa , Leandros P. Zorba , Georgios Rotas , Ferran Feixas , Xavi Ribas , Georgios C. Vougioukalakis

Fullerene multi-adducts have drawn significant research interest due to their remarkable properties, which often surpass those of mono-adducts across various applications. However, achieving regioselective synthesis of these multi-adducts remains challenging. Notably, the regioselective multi-functionalization of a malonate cyclopropane fullerene monoadduct has already been demonstrated, yielding a single tetra-addition pattern through a supramolecular mask strategy. In this study, we explore how the nature of the existing functional groups influences the Bingel multi-addition reaction of diethyl bromomalonate on different mono-functionalized fullerenes. To investigate this, we synthesized fullerene derivatives bearing either long, flexible chains, or a rigid dibenzodioxin moiety via the corresponding Diels–Alder reaction of o-dibromomethyl arenes with C₆₀. These derivatives were then encapsulated within a supramolecular cage and subjected to multi-functionalization conditions. We monitored the reaction’s progress and final products using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), UV-Vis, and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. These studies show that derivatives bearing different initial functionalities exhibit distinct multi-functionalization outcomes. We provide a detailed rationalization of the experimental observations.

富勒烯多加合物由于其优异的性能，在各种应用中往往优于单加合物，引起了人们极大的研究兴趣。然而，实现这些多加合物的区域选择性合成仍然具有挑战性。值得注意的是，丙二酸环丙烷富勒烯单加合物的区域选择性多功能化已经被证明，通过超分子掩膜策略产生单一的四加成模式。在本研究中，我们探讨了现有官能团的性质如何影响溴丙酸二乙酯在不同单官能团富勒烯上的宾格尔多加成反应。为了研究这一点，我们通过邻二溴甲基芳烃与C60对应的diols - alder反应合成了含长柔性链或刚性二苯并二氮杂环的富勒烯衍生物。然后将这些衍生物封装在超分子笼中并进行多功能化处理。我们使用高分辨率质谱（HRMS）， UV-Vis和1H-NMR光谱监测反应的进展和最终产物。这些研究表明，具有不同初始官能团的衍生物具有不同的多功能化结果。我们提供了实验观察结果的详细解释。

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引用次数: 0

Circular valorization of defunct coral reefs into bioactive hydroxyapatite: Atomic-scale mechanisms and functional performance 死亡珊瑚礁循环活化成生物活性羟基磷灰石：原子尺度机制和功能性能

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101650

Khaeriah Dahlan , Endang Haryati , Lili Maniambo , Eva Papilaya , Hendry Y. Nanlohy

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic material highly valued for its excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and close resemblance to the mineral phase of natural bone. In this study, defunct coral reefs were repurposed as a natural calcium precursor for the sustainable synthesis of hydroxyapatite. The coral samples were calcined at 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C to produce calcium oxide (CaO), among which calcination at 900 °C yielded the highest CaO content (84.09 %). The obtained CaO was subsequently utilized for hydroxyapatite synthesis under sintering temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the successful formation of phase-pure hydroxyapatite, exhibiting distinct diffraction peaks consistent with the standard HAp pattern. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified the characteristic vibrational bands of phosphate (PO₄³⁻), hydroxyl (OH⁻), and carbonate (CO₃²⁻) groups, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the typical porous morphology of hydroxyapatite. The sample sintered at 900 °C showed superior crystallinity, structural homogeneity, and well-distributed porosity. The synthesized HAp showed a Ca/P molar ratio of 2.18–2.34, crystallite size of 23–45 nm, and porosity of 29–33 %, confirming phase purity and a biomimetic microstructure. These quantitative features emphasize the temperature-dependent structural changes and support 900 °C as the best processing condition. These findings demonstrate that defunct coral reefs can be effectively converted into high-purity hydroxyapatite, underscoring their potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly raw material for bio-ceramic and biomedical applications such as bone grafts, coatings, and tissue engineering scaffolds.

羟基磷灰石（HAp）是一种生物陶瓷材料，因其优异的生物相容性、生物活性和与天然骨矿物相的相似性而受到高度重视。在这项研究中，死亡的珊瑚礁被重新利用为可持续合成羟基磷灰石的天然钙前体。珊瑚样品分别在800℃、900℃和1000℃煅烧得到氧化钙（CaO），其中900℃煅烧得到的CaO含量最高（84.09 %）。所得的CaO随后在800℃、900℃和1000℃的烧结温度下用于羟基磷灰石合成。x射线衍射（XRD）分析证实了相纯羟基磷灰石的成功形成，显示出与标准HAp模式一致的明显的衍射峰。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）确定了磷酸盐（PO₄³⁻），羟基（OH⁻）和碳酸盐（CO₃²⁻）基团的特征振动带，而扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示了羟基磷灰石的典型多孔形态。900℃烧结后的样品结晶度好，结构均匀，孔隙度分布均匀。合成的HAp的Ca/P摩尔比为2.18-2.34，晶粒尺寸为23-45 nm，孔隙率为29-33 %，证实了相纯度和仿生微观结构。这些定量特征强调了温度相关的结构变化，并支持900°C作为最佳加工条件。这些发现表明，死亡的珊瑚礁可以有效地转化为高纯度的羟基磷灰石，强调了它们作为生物陶瓷和生物医学应用（如骨移植、涂层和组织工程支架）的可持续和环保原材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructural and mechanical performance of coconut shell biochar – Modified asphalt for sustainable pavement applications 可持续路面用椰子壳生物炭改性沥青的微观结构和力学性能

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101595

S. Mahalakshmi, Revathy Jayaseelan, Gajalakshmi Pandulu

This study investigates coconut shell biochar (CSB) as a sustainable, bio-based modifier for enhancing the mechanical performance and durability of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). CSB was produced by controlled laboratory pyrolysis, and its chemical and microstructural characteristics were analysed before incorporation into 40/50 penetration-grade asphalt at different dosages. Binder evaluations included penetration, softening point, ductility, and elastic recovery, while mixture performance was assessed using Marshall Stability, flow, volumetric properties, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and tensile strength ratio (TSR). Results indicated a decrease in penetration and an increase in the softening point, indicating a stiffer, more thermally stable binder. Marshall Stability reached 9.2 kN at 12.5 % CSB with a flow of 2.6 mm, while bulk density slightly decreased and air voids increased but remained within 3–5 %, ensuring adequate compaction. VMA and VFB were balanced at 12.5–15 % CSB, and tensile strength and moisture resistance improved up to 15 %, with ITS and TSR values declining at higher dosages. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) confirmed 12.5 % CSB as the optimal dosage, with quadratic models showing high predictive accuracy (R² > 0.95). Microstructural analyses (SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD), pore structure analyses, and chemical investigations validated these findings, highlighting CSB's potential as an effective asphalt modifier, particularly under India's varied climatic conditions. The improved stiffness and moisture sensitivity performance also suggest practical benefits in terms of durability and reduced binder demand, leading to material savings. Overall findings emphasise CSB’s potential as a sustainable, cost-effective bio-based modifier capable of extending pavement service life under high traffic volumes and diverse climatic conditions.

本研究研究了椰子壳生物炭（CSB）作为一种可持续的生物基改性剂，用于提高热混合沥青（HMA）的机械性能和耐久性。采用实验室控制热解法制备CSB，并对其化学和微观结构特征进行了分析，然后以不同的掺量掺入40/50渗透级沥青中。粘合剂的评估包括渗透、软化点、延展性和弹性恢复，而混合物的性能评估包括马歇尔稳定性、流动性、体积性能、间接抗拉强度（ITS）和抗拉强度比（TSR）。结果表明，渗透降低，软化点增加，表明粘合剂更硬，更热稳定。在12.5 % CSB条件下，流量为2.6 mm，马歇尔稳定性达到9.2 kN，堆积密度略有下降，空隙率增加，但保持在3-5 %，保证了充分的压实。VMA和VFB在12.5-15 % CSB时达到平衡，抗拉强度和抗湿性提高至15 %，ITS和TSR值随着添加量的增加而下降。响应面法（RSM）确定12.5 % CSB为最佳投加量，二次模型预测精度较高（R²> 0.95）。微观结构分析（SEM， EDX， FTIR， XRD），孔隙结构分析和化学研究证实了这些发现，强调了CSB作为有效沥青改性剂的潜力，特别是在印度多变的气候条件下。改进的刚度和湿敏感性性能也表明在耐久性和减少粘合剂需求方面的实际好处，从而节省材料。总的来说，研究结果强调CSB作为一种可持续的、具有成本效益的生物基改性剂的潜力，能够在高交通量和各种气候条件下延长路面的使用寿命。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of thermally insulative and highly transparent cellulose aerogel for climate-adaptive energy efficient window 用于气候适应性节能窗的隔热高透明纤维素气凝胶的研制

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101583

Yuxuan Xue , Kuanwen Wang , Qinye Lu , Xiaoke Chen , Zenan Jin , Tianyu Cai , Yanghua Lu , Zhenqian Pang , Tengyao Jiang , Gang Tan

Minimizing the energy demand of buildings by utilizing innovative materials for transparent building envelopes, such as windows, represents a promising strategy to enhance energy efficiency and contribute significantly to carbon neutrality at worldwide. Windows are less energy efficient than non-transparent building components, primarily due to their higher U-value and increased solar heat gain. Designing an ideal energy-efficient window requires a synergistic combination of high visible light transmittance, superior thermal insulation, and effective solar heat regulation capabilities. In this study, an advanced energy-efficient glazing system was developed by integrating thermally insulative features and different surface optical properties. To assemble such structure, a key component of a transparent and insulating film was synthesized from sustainable and renewable cellulose with high length-to-diameter ratio and optimized size distribution, originated from high-pressure homogenized modification and sonication. The as-synthesized film exhibits excellent transparency (∼90 %) and outstanding thermal insulation (0.027 W/m·K), accompanying with attachable capability onto glass surfaces via electrostatic forces. Hot stage and outdoor demonstration tests revealed that a single-pane glazing applied with this film presented superior insulation properties compared to conventional double-pane glazing while high visible light transmittance was still reserved. Based on this transparent cellulose aerogel, a composite window structure combining thermal insulation and spectral selective feature was fabricated for various climates. The results of building energy simulation supported that the energy saving performance of the composite window was superior to that of existing counterparts, and it could achieve up to 40 % energy savings compared to single-pane glazing. The proposed energy-efficient windows, made from cost-effective materials derived from biomass resources, hold significant potential as replacements for commercially available glazing systems in large-scale applications.

通过使用创新的透明建筑围护结构材料（如窗户）来最大限度地减少建筑物的能源需求，是一种有前途的战略，可以提高能源效率，并在全球范围内为碳中和做出重大贡献。窗户的能源效率低于非透明的建筑构件，主要是由于其更高的u值和增加的太阳能热增益。设计一个理想的节能窗户需要高可见光透过率，优越的隔热和有效的太阳能热调节能力的协同组合。在本研究中，开发了一种先进的节能玻璃系统，将隔热特性与不同的表面光学特性相结合。为了组装这种结构，利用可持续再生的高长径比和优化尺寸分布的纤维素，通过高压均质改性和超声合成了透明绝缘薄膜的关键组分。合成的薄膜具有优异的透明度（~ 90 %）和出色的绝热性（0.027 W/m·K），并具有通过静电力附着在玻璃表面的能力。热阶段和室外演示测试表明，与传统的双层玻璃相比，应用该薄膜的单层玻璃具有优越的隔热性能，同时仍然保留了高可见光透射率。在这种透明纤维素气凝胶的基础上，制作了一种结合了隔热和光谱选择特性的复合窗户结构，用于各种气候条件。建筑能源模拟结果表明，复合窗的节能性能优于现有的同类产品，与单窗格玻璃相比，可节省高达40% %的能源。拟议的节能窗户由来自生物质资源的具有成本效益的材料制成，在大规模应用中具有替代商业上可用的玻璃系统的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Graphene oxide-fluorescein sensor for sensitive and selective detection of L-Arginine: A fluorescence Turn-On Approach 用于l -精氨酸敏感和选择性检测的氧化石墨烯荧光素传感器：一种荧光开启方法

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101616

Prakash Ramesh , Vignesh Kumaresan , Chockalingam Gopalakrishnan , Rajapandian Varatharaj

Highly sensitive and selective detection of L-arginine is essential for probing its involvement in cellular metabolism, nitric oxide synthesis, and amino acid regulation, thereby facilitating clinical diagnostics and translational biosensing applications. In this study, a graphene oxide–fluorescein (GOFC) fluorescence sensor was developed for the selective and sensitive detection of L-arginine via a fluorescence “turn-on” response. Graphene oxide (GO) synthesized via the modified Hummers’ method was functionalized with fluorescein to form the GOFC composite. The sensor exhibited a concentration-dependent fluorescence enhancement toward L-arginine, enabling detection down to 1 × 10⁻⁶ M using a spectrofluorometer and 1 × 10⁻⁴ M by naked-eye observation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) revealed that the interaction between fluorescein and L-arginine is stronger than their respective adsorption on GO, leading to fluorescein release and a fluorescence turn-on response. Using a low-concentration linear calibration, the limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 4.38 × 10⁻⁶ M and 1.46 × 10⁻⁵ M, respectively. Structural and morphological characterization of GO and GOFC was confirmed by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, powder XRD, particle size analysis, and FE-SEM. These findings establish the GOFC sensor as a sensitive and practical platform for rapid L-arginine biosensing.

l -精氨酸的高灵敏度和选择性检测对于探测其参与细胞代谢、一氧化氮合成和氨基酸调节至关重要，从而促进临床诊断和翻译生物传感应用。在这项研究中，开发了一种氧化石墨烯荧光素（GOFC）荧光传感器，通过荧光“开启”响应来选择性和灵敏地检测l -精氨酸。通过改进Hummers方法合成的氧化石墨烯（GO）与荧光素功能化形成氧化石墨烯复合材料。该传感器对l -精氨酸表现出浓度依赖的荧光增强，使用荧光光谱仪可以检测到1 × 10⁻⁶M，通过肉眼观察可以检测到1 × 10⁻⁴M。利用维也纳从头算模拟包（VASP）的密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，荧光素和l -精氨酸之间的相互作用强于它们各自在氧化石墨烯上的吸附，导致荧光素释放和荧光开启响应。通过低浓度线性校准，检测限和定量限分别为4.38 × 10⁻⁶M和1.46 × 10⁻⁶M。采用FTIR、拉曼光谱、粉末XRD、粒度分析和FE-SEM等方法对氧化石墨烯和GOFC进行了结构和形态表征。这些发现奠定了GOFC传感器作为快速l -精氨酸生物传感的灵敏实用平台。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable transformation of waste cooking oil: A global review of valorization pathways and future directions 废弃食用油的可持续转化：价值转化途径和未来方向的全球综述

Next Materials

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101730

Mehmet Melikoglu

The escalating global energy demand and persistent environmental concerns necessitate a paradigm shift towards sustainable resource management, with waste cooking oil (WCO) emerging as a promising and abundant feedstock. This comprehensive review systematically analyzes recent advancements in WCO valorization, focusing on literature published from 2019 to 2025. Significant progress in biodiesel production is highlighted, where innovative bifunctional and nanocatalysts have demonstrated conversion efficiencies typically ranging from 87 % to 96 %, often achieving high yields in significantly reduced reaction times, some within 5 min through process intensification. Beyond traditional fuels, the conversion of WCO into diverse hydrocarbon fuels is examined, noting deoxygenation degrees reaching up to 99 % and high selectivity (approx. 70 %) for C11–C17 fuel fractions suitable for bio-jet applications. The practical viability of WCO-derived products is supported by engine performance assessments, which show smoke opacity reductions of up to 50 % and improved thermal efficiency, despite marginal increases in specific fuel consumption. This review also evaluates a wide array of non-fuel applications, including bio-asphalt modifiers that restore aged bitumen properties to near-virgin levels and the production of biopolymers with 19–30 % polyhydroxybutyrate content. Despite these achievements, the transition from laboratory to industrial scale demands intensified research. Key future directions are identified, including overcoming feedstock variability, developing robust next-generation catalysts, and leveraging machine learning for process optimization. This review underscores WCO's immense potential to significantly contribute to environmental protection, foster economic viability, and accelerate the transition towards a resource-efficient, low-carbon circular bioeconomy.

不断升级的全球能源需求和持续的环境问题需要向可持续资源管理转变模式，废弃食用油（WCO）成为一种有前途和丰富的原料。本综合综述系统分析了世界海关组织定价的最新进展，重点关注2019年至2025年发表的文献。在生物柴油生产方面取得了重大进展，创新的双功能和纳米催化剂已经证明了转化效率通常在87 %至96 %之间，通常在显著缩短的反应时间内实现高产量，有些通过工艺强化在5 分钟内实现。除传统燃料外，还审查了将世界海关组织转化为各种碳氢化合物燃料的情况，注意到脱氧程度可达99% %和高选择性(约。70 %)适用于生物喷射应用的C11-C17燃料馏分。wco衍生产品的实际可行性得到了发动机性能评估的支持，该评估显示，尽管比油耗略有增加，但烟雾不透明度降低了50% %，热效率得到了提高。本综述还评估了广泛的非燃料应用，包括将老化沥青性能恢复到接近原始水平的生物沥青改性剂，以及19-30 %聚羟基丁酸酯含量的生物聚合物的生产。尽管取得了这些成就，但从实验室到工业规模的转变需要加强研究。确定了未来的关键方向，包括克服原料可变性，开发强大的下一代催化剂，以及利用机器学习进行工艺优化。该审查强调了世界海关组织在环境保护、促进经济可行性和加速向资源节约型、低碳循环生物经济过渡方面的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0