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Copper-catalyzed plastic waste synthesized graphene nanosheets/polypyrrole nanocomposites for efficient thermoelectric applications 铜催化塑料废弃物合成的石墨烯纳米片/聚吡咯纳米复合材料在热电领域的高效应用
Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100081
Kuldeep K. Garg , Sandeep Pandey , Lata Pandey , Amit Kumar , Aniket Rana , Shubhi Madan , Nanda Gopal Sahoo , S.K. Dhawan , Rajiv K. Singh
Presently, various catalysts have been reported for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from a variety of plastic waste, which needs to be removed at the end of the synthesis process by using chemical techniques and hence make the process more typical from the aspect of cost-benefit and circular economic aspects. Herewith, we report copper turnings as the cost-effective and greener catalytic templates for synthesizing highly conducting graphene nanosheets (GNs). The synthesis of the GNs from plastic waste was done as we previously reported in the steps of the pyrolytic process, where the copper turnings are used as catalytic templates in the present study. Because of the excellent catalytic efficiency towards breaking old carbon-carbon bonds and forming new carbon-carbon bonds, the copper turnings act as an excellent degradation catalyst and promote the growth of graphitic skeletons and, consequently, graphene nanosheets. The synthesized GNs showed a high conductivity of ∼ 1730 S/m. GNs thus synthesized is implemented for synthesizing GNs/polypyrrole nanocomposites, which is later investigated for the TE applications. The values of the Seebeck coefficient showed that the composite of GNs/polypyrrole performs as a p-type semiconductor. The TE figure of merit (ZT) for GNs/polypyrrole demonstrated good thermoelectric characteristics and showed a value of 3.75 × 10−6 at the temperature. Thus, the present method of synthesis of GNs showed a more convenient, industrial friendly technique for the production of plastic waste derived graphene nanosheets and its application for thermal energy conversion applications.
目前,已报道了利用各种塑料废弃物合成碳纳米材料的各种催化剂,这些废弃物需要在合成过程结束时利用化学技术去除,因此从成本效益和循环经济的角度来看,该过程更具典型性。在此,我们报告了铜转轮作为合成高导电性石墨烯纳米片(GNs)的成本效益更高的绿色催化模板。从塑料废弃物中合成石墨烯纳米片的方法与我们之前报道的热解工艺步骤相同,在本研究中使用铜转轮作为催化模板。由于铜转轮在断裂旧的碳-碳键和形成新的碳-碳键方面具有出色的催化效率,因此铜转轮可作为一种出色的降解催化剂,促进石墨骨架的生长,进而促进石墨烯纳米片的生长。合成的石墨烯具有高达 1730 S/m 的导电率。由此合成的 GNs 可用于合成 GNs/聚吡咯纳米复合材料,随后将研究其在 TE 中的应用。塞贝克系数的数值表明,GNs/聚吡咯复合材料具有 p 型半导体的性能。GNs/ 聚吡咯的 TE 优点值(ZT)显示出良好的热电特性,在该温度下的值为 3.75 × 10-6。因此,目前的 GNs 合成方法展示了一种更方便、更适合工业化生产的技术,可用于生产塑料废弃物衍生的石墨烯纳米片,并将其应用于热能转换领域。
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引用次数: 0
BIM-based parametric energy analysis of green building components for the roofs and facades 基于 BIM 的屋顶和外墙绿色建筑构件参数化能耗分析
Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100078
Felippe Pereira Ribeiro , Olubimbola Oladimeji , Marcos Barreto de Mendonça , Dieter Boer , Rashid Maqbool , Assed N. Haddad , Mohammad K. Najjar
Buildings are distinguished by their high energy demand over their lifespan. Iimproving energy efficiency in buildings necessitates mitigating the operation energy performance by evaluating more sustainable building components such as green infrastructures. The novelty herein is to conduct a BIM-based parametric energy analysis of green building components for the roofs and facades, taking into consideration the climate classification and orientation of the building. The proposed framework of this study uses Autodesk Revit software and Autodesk Green Building Studio as BIM tools, and Minitab software as a parametric analysis tool to estimate the energy performance of several alternative components based on Energy Use Intensity (EUI) and Annual Peak Demand (APD). A case study of a residential building is examined in four cities within different climate zones in Brazil; Rio de Janeiro (climate zone 08), Macaé (climate zone 05), Petrópolis (climate zone 03), and Nova Friburgo (climate zone 02). The base model design of components of the building includes a reinforced concrete roof and ceramic masonry façade. The utilized alternatives are roof components (i.e. green roofs and expanded clay roofs), and green façade. This work insight using green façade for all elevations and green roofs to enhance energy efficiency in terms of EUI by (10,17 %) in Rio de Janeiro, (6,67 %) in Macaé, (11,43 %) in Pertópolis, and (16,43 %) in Nova Friburgo. While the efficiency in terms of APD would be about (28,07 %) in Rio de Janeiro, (22,79 %) in Macaé, (21,67 %) in Pertópolis, and (12,58 %) in Nova Friburgo. When the construction project is designed to install a green façade to the main elevation only, this work recommends using green roofs rather than the expanded clay roof or the base model design roofs to increase energy efficiency in such types of buildings. This work contributes to integrating green building components into building designs to improve energy efficiency and empower decision-making and sustainability in buildings.
建筑物的显著特点是在其生命周期内对能源的需求量很大。要提高建筑物的能效,就必须通过评估更具可持续性的建筑组件(如绿色基础设施)来降低运行能耗。本文的新颖之处在于对屋顶和外墙的绿色建筑构件进行基于 BIM 的参数化能源分析,同时考虑到气候分类和建筑物的朝向。本研究提出的框架使用 Autodesk Revit 软件和 Autodesk Green Building Studio 作为 BIM 工具,并使用 Minitab 软件作为参数分析工具,根据能源使用强度(EUI)和年峰值需求(APD)估算几种可选构件的能源性能。在巴西不同气候区的四个城市(里约热内卢(气候区 08)、马卡埃(气候区 05)、彼得罗波利斯(气候区 03)和新弗里堡戈(气候区 02))进行了住宅楼案例研究。建筑组件的基础模型设计包括钢筋混凝土屋顶和陶瓷砌体外墙。采用的替代方案是屋顶组件(即绿色屋顶和膨胀粘土屋顶)和绿色外墙。这项研究发现,在所有立面使用绿色外墙和绿色屋顶可提高里约热内卢的能源效率,在 EUI 方面提高了(10.17%),在马卡埃提高了(6.67%),在佩尔托波利斯提高了(11.43%),在新弗里堡提高了(16.43%)。里约热内卢的年发电量效率约为(28.07 %),马卡埃约为(22.79 %),佩尔托波利斯约为(21.67 %),新弗里堡约为(12.58 %)。当建筑项目仅在主立面设计安装绿色立面时,这项工作建议使用绿色屋顶,而不是膨胀粘土屋顶或基础模型设计屋顶,以提高此类建筑的能源效率。这项工作有助于将绿色建筑组件融入建筑设计中,以提高能源效率,增强建筑的决策能力和可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Combination of the degrading bacterium Bacillus cereus MZ-1 and corn straw biochar enhanced the removal of imazethapyr from water solutions 降解芽孢杆菌 MZ-1 与玉米秸秆生物炭的结合提高了水溶液中吡虫啉的去除率
Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100077
Jingbo Miao, Qingqing Fan, Hao Li, Yong Yang, Qingming Zhang
Long residual herbicide imazethapyr has caused a serious threat to subsequent sensitive crop plants and ecological security. Efficient immobilized microorganism technology offers a sustainable solution for remediating pesticides contamination. In this study, three corn straw biochars produced at 300℃, 500℃, and 700℃ were used as carriers to immobilize the imazethapyr degrading strain Bacillus cereus MZ-1, aiming to efficiently remove imazethapyr from the water environment. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the best immobilization conditions based on the efficiency of imazethapyr removal. The results indicate that the biochar produced at 500 ℃ was the most effective carrier for immobilization, despite having a lower imazethapyr removal capacity compared to the biochar produced at 700 ℃. Additionally, the optimal strain addition amount was a suspension of strain MZ-1 (OD600=1) in a 3.5-fold biochar solution, and the best immobilized time was 18 h. The prepared immobilized MZ-1 achieved a maximum imazethapyr removal efficiency of 79.85 %. Moreover, the immobilized MZ-1 demonstrated enhanced detoxification efficacy against imazethapyr-induced harm in sensitive oilseed rape crops, surpassing the effects of using MZ-1 or biochar alone. Results of this work suggests biochar immobilized degradation strain MZ-1 is a highly effective in-situ remediation strategy for bioremediation of imazethapyr contamination.
长效除草剂咪草烟对后续敏感作物植物和生态安全造成了严重威胁。高效固定化微生物技术为修复农药污染提供了一种可持续的解决方案。本研究以 300℃、500℃ 和 700℃的三种玉米秸秆生物炭为载体,固定咪草烟降解菌株蜡样芽孢杆菌 MZ-1,旨在高效去除水环境中的咪草烟。根据咪草烟的去除效率,采用响应面方法对最佳固定条件进行了优化。结果表明,与 700 ℃ 下生产的生物炭相比,500 ℃ 下生产的生物炭虽然对吡虫啉的去除能力较低,但却是最有效的固定化载体。此外,最佳菌株添加量为菌株 MZ-1 (OD600=1)在 3.5 倍生物炭溶液中的悬浮液,最佳固定时间为 18 小时。制备的固定化 MZ-1 对吡虫啉的最大去除率为 79.85%。此外,固定化 MZ-1 对敏感的油菜作物因吡虫啉引起的危害具有更强的解毒功效,超过了单独使用 MZ-1 或生物炭的效果。这项工作的结果表明,固定了降解菌株 MZ-1 的生物炭是一种高效的原位修复策略,可用于虫螨腈污染的生物修复。
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引用次数: 0
Simultaneous removal of heavy metals and Escherichia coli from water using silver-doped hydroxyapatite-coated activated carbon nano composite-alginate beads 利用掺银羟基磷灰石涂层活性炭纳米复合材料--铝酸盐珠同时去除水中的重金属和大肠杆菌
Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100076
Sabyasachi Rout , Sonali Yadav , Lipika G. Pansare , R. Shashidhar , Vandana Pulhani , A. Vinod Kumar
The scarcity of clean water due to heavy metal and microbial contamination is a global issue. In many parts of the world, heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, and U, along with bacteria like Escherichia coli, have been found to exceed permissible limits in groundwater and other water sources that the public depends on for daily drinking water. To address this, we have synthesized a novel composite material consisting of Ag-impregnated hydroxyapatite-coated activated carbon nanoparticles embedded in alginate beads, for the simultaneous removal of heavy metals (U, Pb, and Cd) and Escherichia coli from drinking water. The material's efficiency was evaluated through a series of batch and column experiments. Batch studies indicate 90 % sequestration of U within 5 hours and Pb and Cd within 7 hours, while Escherichia coli (107 cfu/mL) was eradicated instantly. The study confirms that sorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics via chemisorption and ion-exchange mechanisms. Fixed-bed column studies, using a logistic growth model, showed strong agreement between theoretical and experimental parameters for the Bohart-Adams, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson models. The beads demonstrated a high affinity for heavy metals, achieving complete removal and disinfection within an empty bed contact time of 1.12 minutes. Reusability studies indicate that even after the third regeneration and reuse cycle, removal efficiency remained about 95 % for U and Pb, and 85 % for Cd. Furthermore, the effects of variations in water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved carbonates, humic acid, and ionic strength (except for Cd) on removal efficiency were minimal. In summary, the study revealed that the Ag-impregnated hydroxyapatite-coated activated carbon nanoparticles embedded in alginate beads are an efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective material for the simultaneous removal of Pb, Cd, U, and Escherichia coli from water with diverse physicochemical properties.
重金属和微生物污染导致的清洁水稀缺是一个全球性问题。在世界许多地方,人们发现地下水和其他水源中的重金属(如铅、镉和铀)以及细菌(如大肠杆菌)都超过了允许限值,而这些水源正是公众日常饮用水的来源。针对这一问题,我们合成了一种新型复合材料,该材料由藻酸珠中嵌入的 Ag 浸渍羟基磷灰石包覆活性炭纳米颗粒组成,可同时去除饮用水中的重金属(铀、铅和镉)和大肠杆菌。通过一系列批处理和柱实验对该材料的效率进行了评估。批处理研究表明,铀在 5 小时内吸附了 90%,铅和镉在 7 小时内吸附了 90%,而大肠杆菌(107 cfu/mL)则立即被消灭。该研究证实,通过化学吸附和离子交换机制,吸附遵循伪二阶动力学。使用逻辑生长模型进行的固定床柱研究表明,Bohart-Adams、Thomas 和 Yoon-Nelson 模型的理论参数与实验参数非常一致。微珠对重金属具有很高的亲和力,在 1.12 分钟的空床接触时间内就能实现完全去除和消毒。可重复使用性研究表明,即使在第三个再生和重复使用周期之后,对铀和铅的去除效率仍保持在 95% 左右,对镉的去除效率保持在 85%左右。此外,pH 值、溶解碳酸盐、腐殖酸和离子强度(镉除外)等水质参数的变化对去除效率的影响微乎其微。总之,该研究揭示了嵌入海藻酸盐珠中的 Ag 浸渍羟基磷灰石包覆活性炭纳米颗粒是一种高效、可持续和经济的材料,可同时去除不同理化性质的水中的铅、镉、铀和大肠杆菌。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and structural analysis of calcined poultry manure for hydroxyapatite development 用于羟基磷灰石开发的煅烧家禽粪便的合成与结构分析
Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100079
Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme , Samuel Ranti Oke , Sandra Boluwatife Fagbayi , Oladunni O. Alabi , Ochuko Mary Ojo , Sodiq Abiodun Kareem , Davies O. Folorunso
This study investigates the viability of utilizing poultry manure, an abundant and low-cost waste material, for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp), a critical biomaterial for bone regeneration. Calcination of poultry manure was conducted at 750°C, 800°C, and 850°C for 5 h to produce HAp. The processed poultry manure was then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of HAp through characteristic phosphate absorption bands, with the highest purity observed at 850°C. SEM analysis revealed that increasing calcination temperature enhanced the crystallinity and particle uniformity of the samples. XRF analysis showed a significant increase in CaO (40.229–43.328 %) and P2O5 (17.905–19.239 %) content with rising temperatures, crucial for HAp synthesis. The Ca/P ratios were determined to be 1.28, 1.54, and 1.71, respectively, indicating variations in purity and phase composition. The 800°C provides a near-ideal Ca/P ratio while the 850°C achieves a ratio slightly above the ideal, indicating a high-purity HAp phase. XRD analysis corroborated these findings, identifying hydroxyapatite (Ca10P6O26H2), as the predominant phase with minimal secondary phases. These results suggest that calcination at 850°C is optimal for producing high-purity HAp from poultry manure, offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to synthetic HAp production for biomedical applications.
本研究探讨了利用家禽粪便这种丰富且低成本的废物材料合成羟基磷灰石(HAp)的可行性,羟基磷灰石是骨再生的一种重要生物材料。将家禽粪便在 750°C、800°C 和 850°C 下煅烧 5 小时以产生 HAp。然后使用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDS)、X 射线荧光(XRF)和 X 射线衍射(XRD)分析对处理后的家禽粪便进行表征。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析通过特征磷酸盐吸收带证实了 HAp 的形成,在 850°C 时观察到的纯度最高。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,提高煅烧温度可增强样品的结晶度和颗粒均匀性。XRF 分析表明,随着温度的升高,CaO(40.229-43.328%)和 P2O5(17.905-19.239%)的含量显著增加,这对 HAp 的合成至关重要。Ca/P 比值分别为 1.28、1.54 和 1.71,表明纯度和相组成存在变化。800°C 的 Ca/P 比接近理想值,而 850°C 的 Ca/P 比略高于理想值,表明 HAp 相的纯度较高。XRD 分析证实了这些发现,确定羟基磷灰石(Ca10P6O26H2)为主要相,次生相极少。这些结果表明,850°C 的煅烧温度是利用家禽粪便生产高纯度 HAp 的最佳温度,为生物医学应用提供了一种替代合成 HAp 生产的可持续且具有成本效益的方法。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review on the properties of hemp incorporated concrete: An approach to low carbon footprint construction 对掺麻混凝土性能的全面审查:低碳建筑的一种方法
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100075
Hasan Ansari, Mohammad Tabish, Mohd Moonis Zaheer
As the demand for sustainable construction materials rises, hemp-infused concrete has emerged as a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions and promote eco-friendly building practices. This review critically assesses hemp concrete's mechanical, thermal, and durability properties, highlighting its potential for widespread adoption in various industries. Hemp's porous structure contributes to improved thermal insulation, soundproofing, and biological resistance, making it suitable for in-fill materials, plastering, and insulation applications. However, its low compressive and flexural strength remains challenging, limiting mainstream use. Hemp content and composition variations have resulted in differing properties, necessitating further research to optimize the material. The study identifies the growing collaboration among countries to promote bio-based materials but acknowledges the lack of standardized norms for hemp concrete in general construction. It stresses the importance of developing uniform standards to ensure consistent quality, performance, and regulatory compliance. This study explores the properties of hemp-infused concrete. It assesses its potential as a sustainable building material while identifying gaps in research and standardization needed for its widespread adoption in the construction industry.
随着对可持续建筑材料需求的增加,麻混凝土已成为减少碳排放和促进生态友好型建筑实践的一种有前途的解决方案。本综述对麻混凝土的机械、热和耐久性能进行了严格评估,强调了其在各行各业广泛应用的潜力。麻的多孔结构有助于提高隔热、隔音和抗生物性,使其适用于填充材料、抹灰和绝缘应用。然而,它的抗压和抗弯强度较低,仍然具有挑战性,限制了其主流用途。大麻含量和成分的变化导致了不同的特性,因此有必要进一步研究以优化这种材料。该研究指出,各国在推广生物基材料方面的合作日益密切,但也承认在一般建筑中缺乏麻混凝土的标准化规范。研究强调了制定统一标准以确保质量、性能和法规一致性的重要性。本研究探讨了麻混凝土的性能。它评估了其作为可持续建筑材料的潜力,同时确定了其在建筑业广泛采用所需的研究和标准化方面的差距。
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引用次数: 0
Data driven-based machine learning modelling and empirical correlations for predicting snow-covered area in the Swat Region, Pakistan 基于数据驱动的机器学习建模和经验关联,用于预测巴基斯坦斯瓦特地区的积雪面积
Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100074
Sidra Rashid , Ayyaz Mustafa , Arfa Iqbal , Muhammad Umar Farooq , Muhammad Muteeb Butt , Maryum Naeem
In recent decades, global and regional climate change has emerged as a significant challenge with potential catastrophic consequences, including hurricanes, floods, sea level rise, and temperature shifts. Snow-covered area (SCA) serves as a crucial climatic parameter reflecting climate changes, yet accurately determining SCA proves to be a challenging and time-consuming task. This study aims to develop robust prediction models for SCA by employing three machine learning (ML) approaches using readily available climatic data from Swat, Pakistan, spanning two decades. The climate data encompass precipitation, daily maximum/minimum temperatures, and SCA measurements. Three ML methods—artificial neural networks (ANN), functional networks (FN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS)—were employed to model SCA. Accuracy measures, including coefficient of determination (R2), average absolute percentage error (AAPE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) were utilized to evaluate model performance. All three ML models exhibited superior performance, with high R2 values and low errors. Accuracy indicators of the ANN model are better than FN and ANFIS models, yielding the highest R2 (0.956) and minimum RMSE and AAPE values (0.61 and 0.91). ANFIS demonstrated slightly better performance than FN, with RMSE, AAPE, and R2 values of 0.65, 1.1, and 0.950, respectively. FN yielded RMSE, AAPE, and R values of 1.14, 1.72, and 0.85, respectively. Additionally, two empirical correlations were derived from the optimized FN and ANN models for SCA prediction using the same input variables. This study underscores the efficacy of ML techniques in accurately and consistently predicting SCA parameters, offering valuable insights into climate change and its consequences.
近几十年来,全球和区域气候变化已成为一项重大挑战,可能带来灾难性后果,包括飓风、洪水、海平面上升和气温变化。积雪覆盖面积(SCA)是反映气候变化的一个重要气候参数,然而准确测定积雪覆盖面积是一项具有挑战性且耗时的任务。本研究旨在利用巴基斯坦斯瓦特地区二十年来随时可用的气候数据,采用三种机器学习(ML)方法,开发稳健的 SCA 预测模型。气候数据包括降水量、日最高/最低气温和 SCA 测量值。三种 ML 方法--人工神经网络(ANN)、函数网络(FN)和自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)--被用于建立 SCA 模型。精度指标包括判定系数 (R2)、平均绝对百分比误差 (AAPE) 和均方根误差 (RMSE),用于评估模型性能。所有三个 ML 模型都表现出卓越的性能,R2 值高,误差小。ANN 模型的精度指标优于 FN 和 ANFIS 模型,R2 值最高(0.956),RMSE 和 AAPE 值最小(0.61 和 0.91)。ANFIS 的性能略好于 FN,其 RMSE、AAPE 和 R2 值分别为 0.65、1.1 和 0.950。FN 的 RMSE、AAPE 和 R2 值分别为 1.14、1.72 和 0.85。此外,在使用相同输入变量预测 SCA 时,从优化的 FN 和 ANN 模型中得出了两个经验相关性。这项研究强调了 ML 技术在准确、一致地预测 SCA 参数方面的功效,为气候变化及其后果提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles as a stimulator for aquaculture growth of Oryza sativa L. 绿色合成的 TiO2 纳米粒子作为水产养殖中蚕豆生长的刺激剂
Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100073
Diptarka Roy , Anil Kumar Yadav , Surya Pratap Goutam

Depleting agricultural land and water resources with growing human civilization demands an alternative way for faster and more sustainable crop production techniques to meet the current requirements. Recently, nanotechnology-aided hydroponic agriculture (aquaculture) systems have brought remarkable attention. In this context, the present investigation focuses on applying green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles in soil-free aquaculture systems to stimulate the germination and growth of Oryza sativa L. TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized using Dillenia indica fruit extract and characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) confirms the anatase phase of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 6.34 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images exhibit spherical morphology, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis indicates the most nanoparticles of sizes below 10 nm. The BET surface analysis indicates the mesoporous nature of synthesized nanoparticles, and their pore sizes are distributed between 1 and 10 nm as confirmed by BJH analysis, which is very similar to the result obtained from HRTEM images. Green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles in Hoagland nutrient solution enhance germination and growth of Oryza sativa L. via soil-free aquaculture relative to previously commercially produced TiO2 nanoparticles and other metal oxide nanoparticles. Among different concentrations of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles, a particular concentration (10 mg/L) in the nutrient solution efficiently stimulates germination and growth for Oryza sativa L., relative to the control system. TiO2 nanoparticles with a higher specific surface area adsorb nutrients and facilitate nutrient translocation with improved water uptake inside plants, thus stimulating plant growth and increasing fresh and dry biomass.

随着人类文明的不断发展,农业用地和水资源日益枯竭,这就需要另辟蹊径,采用更快、更可持续的作物生产技术来满足当前的需求。最近,纳米技术辅助水耕农业(水产养殖)系统引起了广泛关注。在此背景下,本研究的重点是在无土栽培系统中应用绿色合成的 TiO2 纳米粒子,以刺激 Oryza sativa L 的发芽和生长。X 射线衍射图(XRD)证实合成的 TiO2 纳米粒子为锐钛矿相,平均结晶尺寸为 6.34 nm。场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)图像显示出球形形态,高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)分析表明大多数纳米颗粒的尺寸低于 10 纳米。BET 表面分析表明合成纳米粒子具有介孔性质,BJH 分析证实其孔径分布在 1 至 10 nm 之间,这与 HRTEM 图像得到的结果非常相似。在 Hoagland 营养液中绿色合成的 TiO2 纳米粒子与之前商业化生产的 TiO2 纳米粒子和其他金属氧化物纳米粒子相比,可通过无土栽培提高水稻的发芽率和生长率。在不同浓度的合成 TiO2 纳米粒子中,与对照系统相比,营养液中的特定浓度(10 毫克/升)可有效刺激 Oryza sativa L. 的发芽和生长。具有较高比表面积的 TiO2 纳米粒子能吸附养分,促进养分转移,改善植物内部的水分吸收,从而刺激植物生长,增加新鲜生物量和干生物量。
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引用次数: 0
Water disinfection via nature-inspired electrochemical flow cells in resource-limited settings 在资源有限的环境中通过自然启发的电化学流动池进行水消毒
Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100072
Inmaculada García-López, Vicente Ismael Águeda Maté, Sergio Camino Aroca, Amalio Garrido-Escudero

Access to clean drinking water remains a challenge in many developing countries, emphasizing the critical need for affordable, scalable and sustainable water treatment technologies. This study employs an electrochemical flow cell incorporating a 3D-printed biomimetic flow field for efficient in situ electrochlorination, avoiding water recirculation or external chloride dosing. The impact of varied ionic compositions of groundwater on electrochlorination efficiency is examined using synthetic groundwater samples, reflecting diverse hydrogeological conditions within a region in a developing country. Employing a Multilevel Factorial Design (MFD), the study highlights the significant influence of water ionic composition, flow rate, and applied current on free chlorine production. The results affirm the capability of the reactor to generate free chlorine species in a range of 0.32–6.13 mg·L−1. The specific energy consumptions oscillate between 0.49 and 19.67 Wh·mg−1 for chloride concentration in the samples ranging from 24 to 146 mg·L−1. This confirms the potential of the suggested electrochemical cell design for broad use in the studied region, and possibly in similar settings worldwide.

在许多发展中国家,获取清洁饮用水仍然是一项挑战,这就强调了对可负担、可扩展和可持续水处理技术的迫切需要。这项研究采用了一种电化学流动池,其中包含一个三维打印的仿生物流场,用于高效的原位电氯化,避免了水的再循环或外部氯化物投加。利用合成地下水样本研究了地下水不同离子成分对电除氯效率的影响,这些样本反映了一个发展中国家地区内不同的水文地质条件。研究采用了多级因子设计(MFD),强调了水的离子成分、流速和应用电流对游离氯产生的重要影响。研究结果表明,反应器能够生成 0.32-6.13 mg-L-1 范围内的游离氯。当样品中的氯浓度在 24 至 146 mg-L-1 之间时,比能量消耗在 0.49 至 19.67 Wh-mg-1 之间波动。这证实了所建议的电化学电池设计具有在研究地区广泛使用的潜力,也可能在全球类似环境中广泛使用。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing a hybrid wind-solar irrigation system for kiwi orchards in Northern Iran: Feasibility, environmental impact, and economic viability 评估伊朗北部猕猴桃果园的风能-太阳能混合灌溉系统:可行性、环境影响和经济可行性
Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100071
Mehdi Niajalili , Peyman Mayeli , Shahin Madani

In this research, the viability of hybrid wind and solar energy for irrigating kiwi orchards in Guilan province, located in the northern part of Iran is explored. Analysis of wind speed data reveals that wind energy can be utilized for irrigation purposes for more than six months annually. The wind power density, peaking at 467 W/m², supports the feasibility of wind energy for irrigation over ten months each year. Solar irradiance measurements estimate an energy generation of approximately 5.23 kWh/m² from January to July. The average daily temperature, peaking at 29.7°C, suggests optimal conditions for the efficient operation of solar panels. The net water requirement for the kiwi orchard during the irrigation period was calculated based on garden area and other relevant parameters, ensuring accurate irrigation planning. Using the calculated net water requirements and meteorological data, the necessary pumping power was determined, leading to the design of a hybrid wind-solar irrigation system. An environmental impact assessment estimated a significant reduction in CO2 emissions over a 25-year period. Additionally, a life-cycle cost analysis demonstrated that the hybrid irrigation system would incur only 60 % of the total cost of a conventional system over the same period, highlighting its economic feasibility.

本研究探讨了风能和太阳能混合能源用于灌溉伊朗北部吉兰省猕猴桃果园的可行性。对风速数据的分析表明,风能每年可用于灌溉的时间超过六个月。风能密度的峰值为 467 W/m²,证明风能每年可用于灌溉 10 个月以上。太阳辐照度测量估计,1 月至 7 月的发电量约为 5.23 千瓦时/平方米。日平均气温最高达 29.7°C,这表明太阳能电池板能够在最佳条件下高效运行。灌溉期间猕猴桃园的净需水量是根据园地面积和其他相关参数计算得出的,以确保准确的灌溉规划。利用计算出的净需水量和气象数据,确定了必要的抽水功率,从而设计出风能-太阳能混合灌溉系统。环境影响评估估计,在 25 年的时间里,二氧化碳排放量将大幅减少。此外,生命周期成本分析表明,混合灌溉系统在同一时期的总成本仅为传统系统的 60%,突出了其经济可行性。
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引用次数: 0
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Next Sustainability
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