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Optimization of waste plastic reutilized polymeric membrane fabrication for efficient wastewater treatment 废塑料再生聚合物膜制备工艺的优化及废水高效处理

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100117

Yeit Haan Teow , Aerry Ting Wei Huan , Zhen Hong Chang

The escalating global production of plastic waste and the urgent need for clean water presents profound environmental and sustainability concerns. Repurposing waste plastic into value-added products, such as polymeric membranes for ultrafiltration applications, offers a promising avenue for addressing these challenges. This study focuses on utilizing waste polystyrene (PS) to synthesize membranes via non-solvent induced phase separation method. Through a systematic optimization process utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the effects of solvent type, PS concentration, and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) loading on membrane performance were explored. The fabricated PS polymeric membranes were evaluated for their effectiveness in humic acid removal using a dead-end membrane filtration system. The optimal PS polymeric membrane formula, achieved at PS concentration of 16.31 wt% and TiO₂ concentration of 0.10 g/L using NMP as the solvent, exhibited a permeate flux of 166.55 L/m² h and HA rejected of 84 %. The study also demonstrates the suitability of RSM as a statistical tool for membrane formulation optimization, with low percentage errors (5.04 % for permeate flux and 0.69 % for HA rejection). Furthermore, fouling mechanism analysis utilizing the Hermia’s model confirmed the prevalence of cake filtration in the optimized PS polymeric membrane filtration. This study contributes to the advancement of sustainable membrane technology for wastewater treatment, offering insights into the potential of waste plastic reutilization in membrane fabrication and addressing critical environmental and water resource challenges.

全球塑料废物的不断增加和对清洁水的迫切需求，带来了深刻的环境和可持续性问题。将废塑料重新利用成增值产品，如用于超滤应用的聚合物膜，为解决这些挑战提供了一条有希望的途径。研究了利用废聚苯乙烯（PS）采用非溶剂诱导相分离法合成膜的方法。通过响应面法（RSM）的系统优化过程，探讨了溶剂类型、PS浓度和二氧化钛（TiO2）负载对膜性能的影响。利用无端膜过滤系统，对制备的PS聚合物膜去除腐植酸的效果进行了评价。以NMP为溶剂，在PS浓度为16.31 wt%， TiO2浓度为0.10 g/L的条件下，获得的最佳PS聚合物膜配方的渗透通量为166.55 L/m2 h， HA的去除率为84 %。该研究还证明了RSM作为膜配方优化统计工具的适用性，其误差百分比很低（渗透通量为5.04 %，HA排斥率为0.69 %）。此外，利用Hermia模型进行了污染机理分析，证实了优化后的PS聚合物膜过滤中存在饼过滤现象。本研究促进了可持续膜技术在废水处理中的发展，为废塑料再利用在膜制造中的潜力提供了见解，并解决了关键的环境和水资源挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Crayfish shell biochar for methyl violet adsorption: Equilibrium and kinetic studies 螯虾壳生物炭吸附甲基紫的平衡与动力学研究

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100093

Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal , Chew Hui Wen , Nicky Rahmana Putra , Ahmad Syahmi Zaini , Augustine Agi , Abu Hassan Nordin , Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini

This work was aimed to establish the equilibrium and kinetics of methyl violet removal onto crayfish shell biochars. The biochars were prepared through pyrolysis at 500, 650 and 800

℃

for 1.5 h. The biochars were labelled as CS500, CS650 and CS800, respectively. All biochars are highly mesoporous with CS650 exhibits a higher surface area of 665 m²/g. The adsorption results are tied up with the physiochemical properties of biochars. The CS800 displays the maximum dye capacity at 1079 mg/g. The performance of biochars is given in the order of, CS800 > CS650 > CS500. The equilibrium of methyl violet adsorption was best described by modified Langmuir isotherm, while the kinetic data obeyed pseudo-second-order model. The removal of methyl violet is governed partly by precipitation onto crayfish shell biochars. To conclude, the crayfish shell is a potential feedstock of biochar for dye wastewater treatment.

本工作旨在建立甲基紫在螯虾壳生物炭上的去除平衡和动力学。分别在500、650、800℃条件下热解1.5 h制备生物炭。生物炭分别标记为CS500、CS650和CS800。所有生物炭均为高介孔生物炭，其中CS650的比表面积更高，为665 m2/g。吸附结果与生物炭的理化性质密切相关。CS800显示最大染料容量为1079 mg/g。生物炭的性能排序为：CS800 >； CS650 > CS500。用修正的Langmuir等温线可以很好地描述甲基紫的吸附平衡，而动力学数据服从伪二阶模型。甲基紫的去除部分取决于沉淀到小龙虾壳生物炭上。综上所述，小龙虾壳是一种很有潜力的处理染料废水的生物炭原料。

引用次数: 0

Comparative study on sunlight induced surfactants system in photogalvanics for solar energy conversion and storage 太阳光诱导表面活性剂体系在太阳能转换和存储中的比较研究

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100101

Mohan Lal Mohan, KM Gangotri

The aim of the study is to harness and store solar energy through photogalvanic (PG) cells. The mixed surfactant pairs, i.e., NaLS+Brij-35 and NaLS+Tween-80, with photosensitizer methylene blue and reductant D-xylose have been used for PG cells. The resulting photoelectrochemical process in photogalvanics leads to energy conversion for sustainable development in the field of solar energy. The electrical outcomes, i.e., V_OC, SPP, SPC, SP, and SCE, were studied for a sunlight-induced PG cell for photocatalytic conversion. The observed V_OC, SPP, SPC, SP, and SCE with NaLS+Tween-80 surfactant is of the order of 1120 mV, 867 mV 238.00 µA, 206.34 µW, and 1.3012 %, respectively. The observed V_OC, SPP, SPC, SP, and SCE with NaLS+Brij-35 surfactant is of the order of 1123 mV, 870 mV, 240.00 µA, 208.80 µW, and 1.3112 %, respectively. Conclusively, PG cells with NaLS+Brij-35 surfactant are better than PG cells with NaLS+Tween-80. This new combination of surfactants still has the scope to achieve the enhanced electrical results of PG cells for sustainable development.

这项研究的目的是通过光电（PG）电池来利用和储存太阳能。将NaLS+Brij-35和NaLS+Tween-80混合表面活性剂对与光敏剂亚甲基蓝和还原剂d -木糖用于PG细胞。由此产生的光电电化学过程导致了太阳能领域可持续发展的能量转换。研究了光催化转化的光诱导PG电池的电学结果，即VOC、SPP、SPC、SP和SCE。NaLS+Tween-80表面活性剂的VOC、SPP、SPC、SP和SCE分别为1120 mV、867 mV、238.00 µA、206.34 µW和1.3012 %。NaLS+Brij-35表面活性剂的VOC、SPP、SPC、SP和SCE分别为1123 mV、870 mV、240.00 µA、208.80 µW和1.3112 %。结果表明，表面活性剂NaLS+Brij-35的PG细胞比表面活性剂NaLS+Tween-80的PG细胞具有更好的抗氧化能力。这种表面活性剂的新组合仍然具有实现PG细胞持续发展的增强电结果的空间。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of commercial scale CSP plants performance: Effect of their installed capacity 商业规模CSP电厂性能调查：装机容量的影响

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100143

O. Achkari , A. El Fadar , M. Mortadi , Y. Elaouzy

Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are among the most promising technologies to ensure the competitiveness of solar energy systems with those based on conventional fossil sources, notably, the parabolic trough technology that has the lion’s share (73 %) of the installed CSP capacity worldwide. The correlation between their size, represented by the installed capacity, and their performance is a research area that has been insufficiently explored in the literature. Accordingly, this paper assesses the impact of the CSP plants’ size on their energy and economic performances. For this purpose, the performance of thirteen CSP plants, distributed over four regions, namely China, Morocco, South Africa and United States of America, is assessed using several key indicators based on experimental data. Additionally, several numerical simulations are performed by means of System Advisor Model software. The results show that the larger the CSP plant’s size, the higher the capacity factor. However, under specific conditions, small-size CSP plants achieve similar annual electricity production levels as medium-size ones. From an economic point of view, it is asserted that the levelized cost of energy of the studied CSP plants decreases with the increase of their sizes. Hence, this work constitutes a theoretical and practical reference to concretize the impact of CSP plants’ size on their cost-effectiveness and also to shed light on the possible optimization scenarios related to the CSP plants’ size.

聚光太阳能（CSP）发电厂是最有前途的技术之一，可以确保太阳能系统与基于传统化石能源的太阳能系统相比具有竞争力，特别是抛物线槽技术，它在全球安装的CSP容量中占有最大的份额（73% %）。它们的大小（以装机容量为代表）与它们的性能之间的相关性是一个文献中尚未充分探讨的研究领域。据此，本文评估了光热电站规模对其能源效益和经济效益的影响。为此目的，分布在中国、摩洛哥、南非和美利坚合众国四个地区的13个光热发电厂的性能利用基于实验数据的几个关键指标进行了评估。此外，利用系统顾问模型软件进行了数值模拟。结果表明，光热电站规模越大，容量系数越高。但是，在特定条件下，小型光热电站的年发电量与中型光热电站相当。从经济角度出发，认为所研究的光热电站的平准化能源成本随着其规模的增加而降低。因此，这项工作为具体化CSP电厂规模对其成本效益的影响以及阐明与CSP电厂规模相关的可能的优化方案提供了理论和实践参考。

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引用次数: 0

Ab initio and experimental study of sulphur/samarium codoped-TiO2 and its visible light photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of orange II dye 硫/钐共掺杂tio2及其可见光催化降解橙ⅱ染料活性的从头算与实验研究

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100155

Moro Haruna , Charles Kwame Bandoh , Francis Opoku , Eric Selorm Agorku

Recent research efforts have been focused mostly on using semiconductor photocatalysts to degrade hazardous organic contaminants from wastewater. Numerous nanomaterials have thus been investigated and applied to the treatment of wastewater. In this work, a series of samarium (Sm) and sulphur (S) codoped Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalysts have been prepared using the coprecipitation method for the photocatalytic degradation of orange II dye in wastewater. Moreover, the experimental findings were confirmed by First-Principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), UV-Visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterized the photocatalysts. The XRD analysis revealed the successful incorporation of S and Sm nanoparticles into the anatase crystal structure of TiO₂ with no change in the phase and an average particle size of 9 nm. A theoretical study using DFT revealed an indirect band gap of 3.56 eV as compared to the experimental value of 3.04 eV for virgin TiO₂. Codoping significantly influenced the optical properties of the virgin TiO₂ and resulted in a redshift in the absorption edge, leading to a bandgap decrease from 3.04 to 2.70 eV. S/Sm^3 + modified TiO₂ exhibited substantial catalytic activity induced by visible light towards orange II dye relative to the singly doped S-TiO₂ or Sm³⁺-TiO₂. The S-TiO₂-Sm³⁺ (0.6 %) photocatalyst obtained the maximum degradation efficiency of 100 % in 2.5 h with a rate constant (k) of 61 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. The improved photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanomaterials was credited to the synergistic effects of S and Sm³⁺ in TiO₂, which resulted in a narrow band gap energy, strong absorption of visible light, small crystallite size, and decreased recombination rate.

近年来的研究主要集中在利用半导体光催化剂降解废水中的有害有机污染物。因此，许多纳米材料已被研究并应用于废水处理。本文采用共沉淀法制备了一系列钐（Sm）和硫(S)共掺杂的二氧化钛（TiO2）光催化剂，用于光催化降解废水中的橙II染料。此外，实验结果得到第一性原理密度泛函理论（DFT）计算的证实。利用x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、漫反射光谱（DRS）、紫外可见分光光度法、扫描电镜-能量色散x射线光谱（SEM/EDX）和透射电镜（TEM）等分析技术对光催化剂进行了表征。XRD分析表明，S和Sm纳米颗粒成功地掺入到TiO2的锐钛矿晶体结构中，其物相没有变化，平均粒径为9 nm。利用DFT的理论研究表明，纯TiO2的间接带隙为3.56 eV，而实验值为3.04 eV。共掺杂显著影响了原始TiO2的光学性能，导致吸收边红移，带隙从3.04减小到2.70 eV。S/Sm3 +改性TiO2相对于单掺杂S-TiO2或Sm3+-TiO2表现出明显的可见光对橙色II染料的催化活性。S-TiO2-Sm3+（0.6 %）光催化剂在2.5 h内的最大降解效率为100 %，速率常数(k)为61 × 10−3 min−1。合成的纳米材料光催化活性的提高是由于S和Sm3+在TiO2中的协同作用，使得TiO2的能带隙能量窄，对可见光的吸收强，晶粒尺寸小，复合速率降低。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing groundwater quality and pollution hotspots using simple fuzzy classification in a rapidly urbanizing region 基于简单模糊分类的快速城市化地区地下水质量及污染热点评价

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100171

Olayiwola Akin Akintola , Opeyemi Samuel Sajo , Oluwatobi Solomon Olaleye

In the absence of centralised water supply infrastructure, groundwater serves as the primary source of water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use in Ekiti State, Nigeria. However, its quality is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pollution. This study evaluated the quality of groundwater in selected areas of Ekiti State, identified pollution levels and potential hotspots. It addresses the critical gap in regional groundwater quality assessment by applying a simple fuzzy classification (SFC) model to 22 groundwater samples collected from four local government areas. Twenty Physicochemical and heavy metal parameters were analysed and compared with regulatory guidelines (WHO, USEPA and the Nigerian Standard for drinking water quality). Findings revealed widespread contamination, with elevated turbidity, chlorine, manganese, and iron levels, e.g., Fe and Mn levels reached 2.1, and 0.55 mg/L against a 0.3, and 0.05 mg/L limit, respectively, posing health risks. The fuzzy model classified water from all sampling points as having membership functions of more than 90 % in pristine category (C₁). Presence of about 38, 30 and 27 % membership functions in contaminated (C₂), polluted (C₃) and extremely polluted (C₄) categories in sampling points 5, 20, and 7, respectively calls for concern, indicating localised contamination. The study highlights the urgent need for continuous groundwater quality monitoring, the implementation of pollution control strategies, and targeted water treatment interventions to ensure the safe and sustainable use of groundwater resources in Ekiti State.

在缺乏集中供水基础设施的情况下，地下水是尼日利亚埃基蒂州家庭、农业和工业用水的主要来源。然而，其质量日益受到人为污染的威胁。本研究评估了Ekiti州选定地区的地下水质量，确定了污染水平和潜在热点。采用简单模糊分类（SFC）模型对4个地方政府辖区的22份地下水样本进行分析，解决了区域地下水质量评价的关键空白。分析了20个物理化学和重金属参数，并与监管准则（世卫组织、美国环境保护局和尼日利亚饮用水质量标准）进行了比较。调查结果显示，污染范围广泛，浊度、氯、锰和铁含量升高，例如，铁和锰含量分别达到2.1和0.55 毫克/升，而限值分别为0.3和0.05 毫克/升，构成健康风险。模糊模型将所有采样点的水分类为原始类别（C1）的隶属函数大于90 %。在采样点5、20和7中，污染（C2）、污染（C3）和极度污染（C4）类别中分别存在约38%、30%和27% %的隶属度函数，这需要关注，表明局部污染。该研究强调，迫切需要持续监测地下水质量，实施污染控制战略，并采取有针对性的水处理干预措施，以确保埃基蒂州地下水资源的安全和可持续利用。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced water and cooling production from a polygeneration process using biomass: Usefulness of the polygeneration 利用生物质的多联产过程提高水和冷却产量：多联产的实用性

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100154

Kuntal Jana

Multiple utility production in a single plant is the objective of polygeneration. However, properly designed polygeneration gives the flexibility to change the production rate of utility outputs relatively. This change in utility output production rate may affect the thermodynamic and economic performances of the polygeneration. In many cases, economic parameter may not give same result as thermodynamic parameters. Economic parameter is important to design and measured the acceptability of the plant. In this study ‘usefulness of polygeneration’ is defined to optimize the plant operation. This is an important parameter to find the optimum design parameter from the viewpoint of socio-economics. In this paper, CCGT based polygeneration and ST based polygeneration is simulated by Aspen Plus®. To reduce the operational problem of tar and to increase the flexibility of polygeneration, ST based cycle is explored. Effect of steam generation pressure, steam bleed pressure, and steam bleed amount is shown in this paper. A defined parameter i.e. ‘usefulness of polygeneration’ without and with priority is used to show the importance of the designed polygeneration. Higher the steam generation pressure, increases the usefulness of the polygeneration. With the increase of steam bleed pressure, usefulness with priority decreases and usefulness without priority increases. 20 % steam bleed is the optimum for maximization of usefulness with priority.

多电联产的目标是在一个工厂内生产多个公用设施。然而，设计合理的多联产系统可以相对灵活地改变公用事业产出的生产率。这种公用事业产出率的变化可能会影响多联产的热力学和经济性能。在许多情况下，经济参数可能与热力学参数给出的结果不同。经济参数对电厂的设计和验收具有重要意义。在本研究中，定义了“多联产的有用性”，以优化电厂的运行。这是从社会经济学角度寻找最优设计参数的一个重要参数。本文采用Aspen Plus®对基于CCGT的多代和基于ST的多代进行了仿真。为了减少焦油的运行问题，增加多联产的灵活性，探索了基于ST的循环。分析了蒸汽产生压力、蒸汽泄放压力和蒸汽泄放量的影响。一个已定义的参数，即无优先级和有优先级的“多代的有用性”，用于显示设计的多代的重要性。蒸汽产生压力越高，多联产效率越高。随着排汽压力的增加，优先级有用性降低，无优先级有用性增加。20 %的蒸汽泄放是最优的，可以优先使用。

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引用次数: 0

Exploration of circular economy practices in wood products value chains: Awareness, existing practices and perceived levels of adoption in Mufindi district, Tanzania 木制品价值链中循环经济实践的探索：坦桑尼亚穆芬迪地区的意识、现有实践和感知采用水平

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100182

Clever Anyitike Gwakabale, Gerald Claudius Monela, Beatus John Temu

Forest resources have contributed to global wealth and living standards, but in some regions socio-economic and environmental costs are experienced, especially where linear economy model is used. Despite an ongoing global discussion on the use of circular economy practices (CEPs) to address such costs, only fragmented information on implementation approaches exists, especially in developing countries. This has hindered the development of policies to enhance sustainability of wood resources. To provide insights into CEPs implementation in the wood products value chains, a cross-sectional research design was adapted to describe and analyze awareness, existing practices and perceived adoption of CEPs using the 10 R model and following the value chain framework. Mufindi district in Tanzania was purposively selected due to presence of various small and large-scale wood products value chains. A survey involving random selection of 110 small-scale enterprises and selection of eight (8) large-scale wood products enterprises was done based on the type of wood products manufactured. Data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire, a checklist for key informants’ interview and through direct observation. Analysis involved application of the 10 R model to identify and characterize existing CEPs in the wood products value chains. Level of CEPs adoption was estimated as average of chain actors perceived CEPs adoption score. Results indicated seven CEPs implemented at distinct levels in the wood products value chains, specifically, refuse, rethink, reduce, repurpose, reuse, recycle and recover. The study recommended awareness campaigns and demonstration projects on CEPs. Future research should explore CEPs implementation by wood products consumers.

森林资源对全球财富和生活水平作出了贡献，但在一些区域，特别是在使用线性经济模式的地区，经历了社会经济和环境成本。尽管全球正在讨论使用循环经济实践（cep）来解决这些成本问题，但关于实施方法的信息只有零散的，特别是在发展中国家。这妨碍了制定提高木材资源可持续性的政策。为了深入了解cep在木制品价值链中的实施情况，采用了横断面研究设计，使用10 R模型并遵循价值链框架来描述和分析cep的意识、现有实践和感知采用。坦桑尼亚的Mufindi地区由于存在各种小型和大型木制品价值链而被有意选择。根据生产木制品的类型，随机选取110家小型企业和8家大型木制品企业进行调查。数据收集采用半结构化问卷、关键举报人访谈清单和直接观察。分析涉及到10 R模型的应用，以识别和表征木制品价值链中现有的cep。采用cep的水平以连锁行为者感知cep采用得分的平均值来估计。结果表明，在木制品价值链中不同层次上实施了七种cep，即拒绝、重新思考、减少、重新利用、再利用、再循环和回收。该研究建议开展宣传活动和示范项目。未来的研究应探讨木材产品消费者对cep的实施情况。

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引用次数: 0

Eco-friendly metakaolin-basalt geopolymer blocks: A sustainable building material alternative 生态友好型偏高岭土-玄武岩地聚合物块体：可持续建筑材料的替代品

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100188

Blasius Ngayakamo , Silke Christiansen

This study investigates the development and characterization of eco-friendly metakaolin-based geopolymer blocks incorporating basalt rock powder as a silica source. The geopolymer samples were synthesized with varying metakaolin-to-basalt ratios (70:30, 60:40, and 50:50) and characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRF analysis confirmed the high silica (50.70 %) and alumina (40.15 %) content of metakaolin, while basalt exhibited significant iron oxide (8.78 %) and calcium oxide (10.60 %), contributing to improved mechanical properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed progressive polymerization in geopolymer samples with increased MK content, evidenced by shifts in Si–O–Al stretching vibrations. Physical and mechanical tests demonstrated that increasing basalt content led to improved bulk density and compressive strength, with the 50:50 MK–basalt mix achieving the highest values: 2.31 g/cm³ density and 19.6 MPa compressive strength after 28 days. Water absorption decreased with higher basalt content and longer curing, dropping to 8.0 % for the 50:50 mix at 28 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the 60:40 mix achieved the most uniform and densely packed microstructure after 28 days, balancing N-A-S-H gel formation and filler efficiency. Overall, the 60:40 blend offers an optimal balance of durability, strength, and microstructural integrity for geopolymer applications. These results highlight the potential of metakaolin-basalt geopolymer blocks as sustainable construction materials with enhanced durability and reduced environmental impact.

本文研究了以玄武岩粉为硅源的生态友好型偏高岭土聚合物块体的开发与表征。合成了不同偏高岭土与玄武岩比例（70:30、60:40和50:50）的地聚合物样品，并利用x射线荧光（XRF）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）对其进行了表征。XRF分析证实偏高岭土中二氧化硅（50.70 %）和氧化铝（40.15 %）含量较高，玄武岩中氧化铁（8.78 %）和氧化钙（10.60 %）含量较高，力学性能较好。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）显示，随着MK含量的增加，地聚合物样品发生了递进式聚合，这可以通过Si-O-Al拉伸振动的变化来证明。物理力学试验表明，增加玄武岩含量可以提高堆积密度和抗压强度，其中50:50的mk -玄武岩混合物达到最高，28天后密度为2.31 g/cm³ ，抗压强度为19.6 MPa。含水率随玄武岩含量的增加和养护时间的延长而降低，50:50混合龄期28 d，含水率降至8.0 %。扫描电镜（SEM）显示，60:40的混合物在28天后达到了最均匀和致密的微观结构，平衡了N-A-S-H凝胶形成和填充效率。总的来说，60:40的混合为地聚合物应用提供了耐久性、强度和微观结构完整性的最佳平衡。这些结果突出了偏高岭土-玄武岩地聚合物块体作为可持续建筑材料的潜力，具有增强耐久性和减少环境影响的特点。

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引用次数: 0

The material edge: Powering the hydrogen revolution from production to utilization 材料优势：推动氢革命从生产到利用

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100185

Alberto Boretti

Hydrogen is a cornerstone of the transition to a decarbonized energy future, providing a flexible solution for hard-to-electrify sectors and efficient energy storage. This narrative review synthesizes groundbreaking advancements in materials science that are transforming hydrogen technologies across four critical domains: (1) cutting-edge catalysts for green hydrogen production, encompassing optimized water electrolysis utilizing nanostructured catalysts and membrane innovations, photoelectrochemical systems, and innovative thermochemical processes; (2) advanced storage solutions, including metal hydrides, porous frameworks, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, and enhanced physical storage systems, addressing key challenges in energy density, safety, and reversibility; (3) novel materials enabling efficient hydrogen use in fuel cells and chemical synthesis; (4) alternative hydrogen carriers, such as ammonia and hydrogen peroxide, for diverse material demands. By tackling fundamental scientific challenges, identifying emerging trends, and outlining future research directions, this review highlights the critical role of materials innovation in developing a scalable, efficient, and circular hydrogen economy to achieve a sustainable, net-zero energy future.

氢是向脱碳能源未来过渡的基石，为难以电气化的行业和高效的能源储存提供了灵活的解决方案。这篇叙述性综述综合了材料科学的突破性进展，这些进展正在四个关键领域改变氢技术：(1)绿色制氢的尖端催化剂，包括利用纳米结构催化剂和膜创新的优化水电解、光电化学系统和创新的热化学过程；(2)先进的存储解决方案，包括金属氢化物、多孔框架、液态有机氢载体和增强型物理存储系统，解决能量密度、安全性和可逆性方面的关键挑战；(3)在燃料电池和化学合成中高效利用氢的新材料；(4)替代氢载体，如氨和过氧化氢，以满足不同的材料需求。通过应对基本的科学挑战，确定新兴趋势，并概述未来的研究方向，本综述强调了材料创新在发展可扩展、高效和循环氢经济以实现可持续、净零能源未来方面的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0