Pacific Science Review最新文献

We present a novel optical element: a fibre microaxicon (FMA) for laser radiation focussing into a diffraction-limited spot with a Bessel-like profile as well as for precision laser nanostructuring of metal film surfaces. Using the developed FMA for single-pulse irradiation of Au/Pd metal films on a quartz substrate, we demonstrated the formation of submicron hollow microbumps, each with a small spike atop it as well as hollow spherical nanoparticles. The experimental conditions for the controllable and reproducible formation of ordered arrays of such microstructures were defined. The internal structure of the fabricated nanoparticles and nanobumps was experimentally studied using both argon-ion polishing and scanning electron microscopy. These methods revealed a porous inner structure of laser-induced nanoparticles and nanobumps, which presumably indicates that a subsurface boiling of the molten metal film is a key mechanism determining the formation process of such structures.

The investigation results of the processes involved in the combined plants for water and drainage cleaning, including an RO and UF membrane apparatus for magnetic water treatment, are presented in this paper. The potential of the magnetic water treatment method for correcting the nanofiltration processes is highlighted. New schemes are proposed for using the magnetic water treatment apparatus for the purpose of preventing the formation of colloid and salt deposits on the membrane surface of the RO and UF apparatuses. The membrane system mathematical model that enables the evaluation of the intensity of formation of deposits in the membrane apparatus were considered by accounting for the hydrodynamic flow and diffusion processes. The membrane system model accounts for the influence of the magnetic water treatment on the nanofiltration processes. The data of the experiments performed at the laboratory stand with water desalination via a RO membrane apparatus equipped with the additional group for influencing the water cleaned by the magnetic field are introduced in the current paper.

A numerical study is presented of a novel approach to fibre optic SPR-sensor development for biosensing applications. The proposed technique is based on a standard SMF-28 type bent single-mode optical fibre with a thin metal film applied to its optical cladding. It was shown that by adjusting the curvature radius and the metal film thickness, one can achieve effective coupling between the fundamental mode of the fibre and the surface plasmon mode supported by the metal/surrounding medium interface through the meditation of whispering gallery modes propagating along the bent inner surface of the fibre cladding. This effect is demonstrated to enable refractometric measurements, both in the wavelength and in the intensity-modulated regimes, with a resolution of up to 10-8 RIU. The use of standard noise reduction techniques for intensity-modulated optical signals promises further increase in accuracy.

We designed a novel two-dimensional periodic chiral waveguide structure, which can achieve complete TE-TM mode conversion. We study the effect of the relevant parameters of structure on the conversion efficiency and confirm that in a certain range, the mode conversion has a rather high efficiency.

A simple apertureless dielectric microprobe in the form of a section of the tapered optical fibre was proposed for surface laser nanomodification. This probe enables surface λ/2-localisation of laser beam, as demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. The controllable formation of single through nanoholes with the minimum size down to 35 nm (∼λ/15) in the 50-nm Au/Pd film was shown using this probe and a 532-nm pump nanosecond laser. We also report for the first time on the formation of micro- and nanobumps, jet-like microstructures and microholes on optically thick gold films using single nanosecond laser pulses focused through the fibre dielectric apertureless probe. Both the shape and the sizes of the obtained microstructures were demonstrated to be determined by the pulse energy and film thickness.

This research focuses on second-generation Korean immigrants and the strategies they used to combine two different cultures – parents' and resident cultures – in their everyday lives. Using a case to reconstruct the meaning behind the strategies employed, this study aims to identify factors that influence immigrants' development when exposed to two different cultures. To investigate this development, an autobiographical interview was conducted on a second-generation Korean immigrant in Germany. The interview was analyzed through objective hermeneutics. The findings of the case study reveal how Ji-Hye Song (interviewee) was able to blend into both Korean and Germany societies, similar to a chameleon. The interviewee developed the ability to combine and control the influences of two cultures in a ‘Korean island’ located in Germany.

An analysis of the effectiveness of the heat pumps installed in the wastewater treatment plants of Vladivostok is presented. A diagram of the urban wastewater heat utilisation apparatus is shown. The primary factors affecting the performance of heat pumps using low-temperature heat sources were identified. The economic evaluation of proposed technological solutions was implemented. The actual conditions of the use of heat pumps on the object were determined in the study. The study considered the technological characteristics of aggregates and the discharge of urban wastewater.

According to the actual needs of FBG sensing instruments in terms of intelligent terminals, software for FBG sensing monitoring systems is designed based on the current mainstream Android operating system, which runs on 3G mobile phones. The software is used to remotely access and manage a fibre optic sensing device. The use of the intelligent terminal software will enhance the level of safety monitoring instrument intelligence so that the management of the monitoring system will be more flexible, system maintenance will be more convenient, and the reliability and security of monitoring equipment can also improved; i.e., it provides good value for the optical fibre sensing application.

The paper is devoted to the problem of the development of professional communicative competence. The paper addresses the structure, content, organization and methodology of developing the professional communicative competence of future IT experts. The basic components to provide integrity for an educational process that increases the efficiency of training students and aims to support their personal development are described. The paper also describes the dynamics of the process of developing professional communicative competence and integrating the proposed system into the educational process.

Considering the requirements of technical university graduates (communicative readiness, creativity, positive relation to the profession, methods of the technical and economic analysis, etc.), the notion of professional competence, based on the federal educational standards and data from the interviewing industrial employees, is highlighted as one of the professional skills required of a bachelor-degree-holding engineer working in the engineering industries.