Procedia Economics and Finance最新文献

It is estimated that humans could continuously immersed themselves in making roughly around 200 food choice decisions in a single day. Making and deciding on the choice of food are relatively complicated and varied greatly between people. Food is and has always been an important source of energy to the human body and studies on identifying key factors affecting consumers’ food choices have attracted many interests from various fields of expertise since they are somewhat closely related to the individuals’ motivations, preferences and habits. Among the factors, the cultural environment has been attributed as an important element in consumer's food choices however; extant studies have also suggested the underlying motives of individuals’ food choice behaviors are influenced by both external and internal factors. Hence, this study aims to reveal and understand the influence of personal values on attitudes toward food and food choices among urban Malay Muslims by employing the value-attitude-behavior (VAB) model.

Agritourism is an incredible educational tool with varied expected effects on the educational plan. Pupils, students, teenagers and adults understand better: the rural traditional culture, the production and the distribution processes of the agricultural products, the importance of healthy food in people's lives, the preservation of the environment, etc. Educational agritourism is an alternative form of mass tourism for areas where the latter cannot be organized. The educational agritouristic activities for the students with agricultural major envisage: a thorough understanding of the public function of agriculture, raising awareness for healthy food, developing healthy dietary habits, learning the way in which the agricultural products are produced and marketed, first-hand experience along the whole agricultural year. Furthermore, students can have a better understanding of the life in the rural areas and this can make them want to keep the agriculture culture, perpetuate the traditions. They are given the opportunity to experiment new situations and establish an emotional and direct contact with nature. As for the teaching higher education staff, the benefits will consist in the introduction of the environmentally friendly agricultural products in the faculty, in teaching the theoretical and practical knowledge needed for the new agricultural technology.

One of the central tenets of macroeconomics is that fiscal policy can be effective in stabilizing the economy and achieving to the macroeconomic targets. Past few decades witnessed to extensive use of monetary policy tools to this end. There has been, however, a renewed interest in the use of fiscal policy as a stabilizing tool since the onset of the recent Global Financial Crisis. Macroeconomic consequences of government expenditures and revenues and their impacts on the general economic structure have been investigated by various empirical methods in case of several countries and in Turkey as well. In this paper, away from previous studies, the subject is implemented by Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) technique. Since it considers the prior information, BVAR method is able to give more realistic estimations compared with other VAR models. Empirical findings reveal that government expenditures and revenues have limited impact on the macroeconomic variables set which includes GDP, inflation, stock market index, external debt and interest rate.

The paper focuses on earnings quality (EQ) of Malaysian Initial Public Offering (IPO) firms and examines the effect of share moratorium regulation and institutional ownership on IPO firms’ EQ behavior. Analyzing both real and accrual earnings management (EM) to measure EQ of 220 sample IPO firms over the period from 2002 to 2009, the results indicate that Malaysian IPO firms engage in both real and accrual discretionary EM. Both EQ measures are also observed to be similar between firms with and without share moratorium provision, evidencing the support towards Malaysia's public policy guideline of subjecting all IPO firms to share moratorium regulations as a commitment device to reduce information asymmetry and adverse selection problem between the strategic owners and new investors. The multivariate results further indicate the effective monitoring of institutional shareholders over investee firms’ EQ. The overall results collectively suggest the need for investors to examine investee firms’ real activity discretionary behavior in their investment decisions while regulators should device means of constraining it.

Due to its contribution to the effective functioning of organizations the topic of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has gained much attention over the past years and has been studied in a diversity of settings. The purpose of this study was to examine OCB in the higher education sector. More specifically, the study investigated the degree of OCB that exists amongst the academic staff at a private university in North Cyprus. The study instrument utilized was the “Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Scale” developed by Podsakoff et al. (1990) which is the most widely used OCB study instrument in the literature. The 24 item scale measures the five subscales/dimensions of OCB, namely altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy, and civic virtue. The average of all 24 items calculates overall OCB. The study results indicate that OCB does exist amongst the academic staff at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences; however the results are only partial in that the study is still ongoing. The complete study results will enable the researcher to conclude whether academic staff from different faculties indicates different levels of OCB.

National Park Mobile Apps (NPMA) is an interesting construct which might open new paradigm in tourism research in context of national parks. Although previous research investigated tourist behavioral intention in national parks, the effect of NPMA on National Park Behavioral Intention (NPBI) of tourists from developed countries in still lacking in literature. To address this gap, the current study developed a model which includes the effect of NPMA, as well as mediating effect of National Park Satisfaction (NPSat) on tourists’ NPBI. The research hypotheses where NPMA, and NPSat have a significant effect on NPBI was examined. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed among 500 tourists from developed countries visiting Taman Negara National Park (TNNP). The data was examined through deployment of structural equation modelling. The findings revealed that NPMA does not affect NPBI directly, however, NPMA has significant indirect effect on tourists’ NPBI through mediation effect of NPSat. Furthermore, NPSat was a full mediator. Findings of this study had practical implication for sustainable NPBI in national parks.

There are fewer women prefer the engineering fields compared to men. Many obstacles are existed which suspend women from the engineering, and examinations of three of them is the aim of this study. The obtained findings from the literature review results and based on the related studies held in Turkey and other countries, it has been tried to analyze the three obstacles: the existence of male-dominated organizational culture at work, the existence of the presence of lack of job satisfaction at work, and the existence of the work-family conflicts, that are confronting women in entering and remaining in engineering occupations. In the application part of this research, via the findings from the literature, the survey covers 112 women employees graduated from the engineering domain. The research was done particularly in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. From the answers of the participants, it has been attempted to find out their views, feelings and opinions about the existence of the three barriers are mentioned above, according to their demographic peculiarities. The finding are showed that these reasons, which are the existence of the men-dominated organizational culture, the presence of lack of job satisfaction, and the work-family conflict are existed and confronted women from entering and remaining in engineering occupations.

This study aims to identify the factors that shape the Generation Y to adopt renewable energy. Four independent variables are used i.e. environmental concern, consumer belief, consumer knowledge, and relative advantages of renewable energy. A total of 200 respondents from one of the Malaysian Government-Linked University are used in this current study. Moreover, descriptive, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity using Partial Least Square (PLS) are mainly used to analyse the data. The results indicate that environmental concern and relative advantages of renewable energy have significantly influence the adoption of renewable energy. However, consumer belief and consumer knowledge are insignificant with renewable energy adoption among Generation Y.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between institutions and macro-economic performance in terms of developing countries. For this purpose, for a period covering the years 2000-2011 through the use of 23 institutional structure variables in the study, the relationship between the institutional structure and macro-economic performance is investigated in sampling countries where 38 developing countries take place by using the ‘Panel Data Analysis’ method. The results of the analysis reveals that institutional structure indicators such as the integrity of the law system, regulations on trade barriers, restriction of foreign investments, the share of the private sector in the banking system and employment-dismissal variables have a positive effect on the macro-economic performance of the developing countries. On the other hand, according to the analysis results, variables such as judiciary independence, government expenditures, transfers and subsidies, civil freedoms, the black market exchange rate, collective bargaining and military tutelage (political stability) have been seen to have a negative impact on the macro-economic performances of developing countries.

This study aims to analyze the profitability in Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks in Malaysia. The study uses the period of the year 2006 to until the year 2011. In methodology, this research using T-Test Model, Regression and Correlation. Meanwhile, data are collected from the Bursa Malaysia and bank website in Malaysia. This study finds that Islamic Banks are more profitable than Conventional Banks whereas Total Loan to Total Asset for Islamic bank is higher than Conventional bank. Based on Regression test, for Conventional Banks, ROE is an influence profitability of Conventional Bank.and for Islamic Banks, ROA and ROE are significant factor that influence profitability. Based on Correlation test, ROE is an influence profitability of Conventional Bank and for Islamic Banks, ROA and ROE are significant relationship with independent variable which is Total Equity to Total Asset.