Radiology of Infectious Diseases最新文献

With the rapid development of modern visual imaging technology, the changes to Peoples life and work patterns in the information age, a series of alterations in the spectrum of diseases have resulted in the emergence of an independent patient group of infectious diseases. The birth of the groups imaging theory system, guideline, standards, and diagnostic and treatment technology platform, followed by the emergence of an innovative discipline-the international infectious diseases imaging discipline construction system, including the aspects detailed below.

Objective

To investigate the low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) presentation and dynamic changes in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to improve understanding of this highly infectious disease.

Methods

The clinical and CT data of 16 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. Dynamic CTs were performed continuously after admission.

Results

Of the patients, 14 were moderate cases, and 2 were severe. Twelve patients underwent CT at the early onset stage. Single nodules or ground-glass opacities (GGOs) were found in 2 patients and multiple bilateral pulmonary lesions in 8 (consolidation-like opacities with or without small nodules in five and large GGOs with interlobular septal thickening in three). Ten had lesion growth and enlargement on the second CT. Fourteen patients underwent CT during the progressive stage, which revealed GGOs and focal consolidation in 6 of them, lung consolidation opacities in 5, and simple, large GGOs with interlobular septal thickening in 3. In both severe cases, the lesions continued to enlarge and grow, and the extent of consolidation continued to expand.

Conclusion

Low-dose chest CT can clearly reflect the morphology, density, and extent of COVID-19 nodules, and is beneficial for observing dynamic nodule changes and disease screening and monitoring.

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis is a rare progressive infectious disease of the central nervous system with a high mortality rate. It usually presents as multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the brain with surrounding edema evident, while the granulomatous amoeba encephalitis reported in this case is manifested as a solitary mass in the right frontal lobe mimicking intracranial tumors. For the same disease with different imaging manifestations, clinical diagnosis of granulomatous amoeba encephalitis is difficult and may delay the diagnosis and treatment, resulting in increased mortality. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of this disease and avoid misdiagnosis, given that early diagnosis is crucial for the correct treatment of patients.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has unique imaging characteristics. Based on the cases fro; literature and latest research evidence, we formed an updated imaging diagnostic recommendation. MRI with and without contrast media is the strongly recommended imaging technique for AIDS-related PCNSL. Imaging signs or findings are summarized as follows: three high indexes, increased diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) signal in solid parts of the tumor, high density of CT without contrast media, and basically uniform enhancement; two low indexes, hypo-intensity of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, iso-or hypo-intensity of T1WI without contrast media and T2WI. Three common indexes, mostly located in the midline area of the brain, often manifesting as multiple cystic changes. The special MRI enhancement was characterized by “Notch sign” “Sharp Angle sign” “Snow-holding sign” and “Jagged or Spinous shape”. For clinically suspected cases, if the imaging findings meet the above imaging findings, it can be used as the imaging diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS-related PCNSL. The diagnostic criteria can provide clinicians with abundant and accurate diagnostic information with clear diagnostic basis, which can effectively improve the early diagnosis of AIDS-related PCNSL. It helps to form the best decision-making scheme and to achieve the purpose of early and precise treatment.