Results in Materials最新文献_第2页

Temperature-dependent compressive strength modeling of geopolymer blocks utilizing glass powder and steel slag 利用玻璃粉和钢渣的土工聚合物砌块随温度变化的抗压强度模型

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100636

Supriya Janga , Ashwin Raut , Alireza Bahrami , T. Vamsi Nagaraju , Sridevi Bonthu

This article investigates the development of geopolymers as a modern, environmentally sustainable binder with ceramic-like properties, offering exceptional thermal and fire-resistant characteristics. The study primarily utilized fly ash (FA) in combination with glass powder (GP) and steel slag (SS). The SS content varied between 30 % and 40 %, while the molarity of NaOH was set at 10 M, 12 M, and 14 M. Based on these variables, a total of eighteen mixes incorporating GP and SS were formulated. The samples were subjected to elevated temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C, after which their compressive strengthswere measured. To better understand the material formation, analyses were conducted by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis. The investigation examined the influence of oxide ratios (Na/Si, Si/Al, H₂O/Na₂O, and Na/Al) on the compressive strength at elevated temperatures. Additionally, the research sought to develop a predictive model, elucidating the relationship between these oxide ratios and the compressive strength of geopolymers. To achieve this, ten machine learning techniques were applied, revealing the complex connection between oxide ratios and the strength properties of geopolymers. The support vector regressor (SVR) model outperformed other regression and boosting models, obtaining a high coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.95, indicating superior predictive accuracy. The reduced error levels and high R² values highlighted the enhanced performance of the SVR model. A sensitivity analysis was done to understand the contributions of each parameter to the outcome predictions further. Employing machine learning techniques to predict the compressive strength of geopolymer blocks under various elevated temperature conditions improves predictive accuracy and optimizes resource utilization, leading to significant time savings.

本文研究了土工聚合物作为一种现代的、环境可持续的粘结剂的发展情况，这种粘结剂具有类似于陶瓷的特性，具有优异的耐热性和耐火性。该研究主要利用粉煤灰（FA）与玻璃粉（GP）和钢渣（SS）相结合。SS 的含量介于 30% 和 40% 之间，NaOH 的摩尔浓度分别为 10M、12M 和 14M。将样品分别置于 200 ℃、400 ℃、600 ℃ 和 800 ℃ 的高温下，然后测量其抗压强度。为了更好地了解材料的形成，使用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱、X 射线衍射、傅立叶变换红外光谱和热重差热分析进行了分析。调查研究了氧化物比率（Na/Si、Si/Al、H2O/Na2O 和 Na/Al）对高温抗压强度的影响。此外，研究还试图开发一个预测模型，阐明这些氧化物比率与土工聚合物抗压强度之间的关系。为此，研究人员应用了十种机器学习技术，揭示了氧化物比率与土工聚合物强度特性之间的复杂联系。支持向量回归模型（SVR）优于其他回归和增强模型，获得了 0.95 的高决定系数 (R2)，显示出卓越的预测准确性。误差水平的降低和高 R2 值凸显了 SVR 模型性能的提升。为了进一步了解各参数对结果预测的贡献，我们进行了敏感性分析。采用机器学习技术预测土工聚合物砌块在各种高温条件下的抗压强度提高了预测精度，优化了资源利用，从而大大节省了时间。

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引用次数: 0

Crystallographic characterization of gypsum synthesized from marine wastes (Babylonia japonica, Olive sayana, and Conasprella bermudensis) 用海洋废弃物（Babylonia japonica、Olive sayana 和 Conasprella bermudensis）合成的石膏的晶体学特征

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100633

Md. Kawsar , Md. Sahadat Hossain , Fahim Foysal Munshi , Md. Farhad Ali , Newaz Mohammed Bahadur , Samina Ahmed

This study focused on the synthesis of gypsum nanocrystals using conventional wet chemical precipitation method from marine mollusks like Babylonia Japonica, Olive Sayana, and Conasprella bermudensis. Different characterization techniques like Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were used to confirm the formation of the nanocrystals. XRD data assessed various structural parameters, including the dimension of the unit cell, crystallinity index, specific surface area, lattice parameters, dislocation density, and macrostrain. The Rietveld refinement study did not reveal the formation of alternate phases, and the predicted lattice parameters, Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), and X-ray density contradicted the actual data. The synthesized gypsum displayed crystallite dimension within the acceptable range of <200 nm, as calculated using various XRD models and equations. Additionally, the values for strain (2 × 10⁻⁴ to 4 × 10⁻⁴), stress (−1 × 10⁷ to 2 × 10⁷ N/m²), and energy density (2.87 × 10² to 2.16 × 10³ J/m³) were also estimated for the synthesized samples. The preferential growth calculation indicateed stable phase formation of gypsum along the (0 2 0) and (0 4 0) planes. Furthermore, The study compared the properties of gypsum, including pH, conductivity, and potential difference (PD), in soil extraction and an aqueous medium.

本研究的重点是利用传统的湿化学沉淀法从海洋软体动物（如 Babylonia Japonica、Olive Sayana 和 Conasprella bermudensis）中合成纳米石膏晶体。为确认纳米晶体的形成，使用了不同的表征技术，如热重分析（TGA）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）。XRD 数据评估了各种结构参数，包括单胞尺寸、结晶度指数、比表面积、晶格参数、位错密度和宏观应变。里特维尔德细化研究没有发现交替相的形成，而预测的晶格参数、半最大全宽（FWHM）和 X 射线密度与实际数据相矛盾。根据各种 XRD 模型和公式计算，合成石膏的结晶尺寸在 <200 nm 的可接受范围内。此外，还估算了合成样品的应变值（2 × 10-4 至 4 × 10-4）、应力值（-1 × 107 至 2 × 107 N/m2）和能量密度（2.87 × 102 至 2.16 × 103 J/m3）。优先生长计算表明，石膏沿着（0 2 0）和（0 4 0）平面形成了稳定的相。此外，该研究还比较了石膏在土壤萃取和水介质中的特性，包括 pH 值、电导率和电位差 (PD)。

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引用次数: 0

Crosslinking of XNBR with polyvalent epoxy compounds (PECs) for accelerator-free rubber films 用多价环氧化合物（PEC）交联腈基丁腈橡胶（XNBR）以制造无促进剂橡胶薄膜

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100630

Taichi Ogawa , Junji Shibasaki , Atsushi Morinaga , Kaname Shibata , Akitsugu Suzuki , Yamato Takeuchi , Shoya Satake , Takuya Asada , Tomohiro Itagaki , Masahiro Fujiwara , Ikuya Shibata , Norihide Enomoto

The serious problems of skin inflammations (dermatitides) observed in the users of rubber gloves caused by type I or type IV hypersensitivity strongly require their new manufacturing methods free from these irritations. This paper reports our novel approach to the production of rubber gloves addressing these problems. A synthetic rubber latex, carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR), was crosslinked using polyvalent epoxy compounds (PECs) without the utilization of accelerators that cause those dermatitides. Although epoxy compounds are generally hydrolyzable in alkaline latex solution, optimally hydrophobic PECs, especially a PEC with three epoxy groups derived from trimethylolpropane, were found to be effective crosslinking reagents for producing high performance XNBR films. The methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)-water partition coefficient is an advantageous index to select suitable PECs in this process. The XNBR film produced by the PEC from trimethylolpropane had a high durability to simulated perspiration liquid and the pot-life of the mixed latex solution was longer than 7 days. The XNBR films produced by our novel process that contain no substances causing type I and type IV hypersensitivity are potentially free from the skin inflammations.

橡胶手套使用者因 I 型或 IV 型超敏反应而引起的严重皮肤炎症（皮炎）问题强烈要求采用无刺激的新生产方法。本文报告了我们为解决这些问题而开发的新橡胶手套生产方法。我们使用多价环氧化合物（PECs）对合成橡胶胶乳--羧基丁腈橡胶（XNBR）进行了交联，而不使用会导致皮肤过敏的促进剂。虽然环氧化合物在碱性胶乳溶液中通常会水解，但研究发现，疏水性最佳的 PEC（尤其是一种由三羟甲基丙烷衍生出三个环氧基团的 PEC）是生产高性能 XNBR 薄膜的有效交联试剂。在该工艺中，甲基异丁基酮（MIBK）-水分配系数是选择合适 PEC 的有利指标。用三羟甲基丙烷 PEC 制备的 XNBR 薄膜对模拟汗液具有很高的耐久性，混合胶乳溶液的罐装寿命超过 7 天。我们的新工艺生产的氨丁橡胶薄膜不含导致 I 型和 IV 型超敏反应的物质，可能不会引起皮肤炎症。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical analysis of Au/Blood aggregate nanofluid flow enclosed under the influence of magnetic field and thermal radiation 磁场和热辐射影响下封闭的金/血聚集纳米流体流动的数值分析

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100631

L.O. Aselebe , O.A. Ajala , A.O. Akindele , B.B. Lamidi , A.D. Ohaegbue , P. Adegbite , S.O. Salawu

In the cause of enhancing the heat and mass transfer of blood, nanoparticles are being introduced to give an improved heat exchanger in human systems. Nanofluid is a viable heat-carrier fluid, which serves as a cooling agent in drug delivery systems and improves their performances. However, the stability of nanoparticles in the base fluid is one of its challenges that needs more attention. This work investigates the aggregate of gold nanoparticles and blood-based fluid in the presence of both thermal radiation and magnetic fields. To have a better understanding and prediction of this physical phenomenon, a mathematical model of the system of governing Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) were formulated and transformed into a system of coupled third-order non-linear boundary values differential equations by similarity techniques. The boundary value in Ordinary Differential equations (ODEs) were reduced into the system of first-order initial value ODEs using the shooting approach alongside the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg fourth-fifth order (rkf45) method with the help of Python 3.0 software. The numerical results of the influence of aggregate nanoparticles on the velocity and temperature profiles were displayed graphically and the effect of thermo-physical parameters on skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number were shown in tables. It was found that as thermal radiation upsurges the temperature profile escalates for both with and without aggregate nanoparticles. Likewise, rises in magnetic fields raise the temperature profile of the gold-blood nanofluid. Nevertheless, the velocity profile declines as the magnetic field intensifies. This present work can be of great help in the medical field where drug delivery is paramount. Also the result has a significant impact on the possibility of utilizing the interaction between aggregate gold nanoparticles in blood-based fluid, which improved the system's mass and heat transfer.

为了增强血液的传热和传质，人们正在引入纳米粒子，以改进人体系统中的热交换器。纳米流体是一种可行的载热流体，可作为给药系统中的冷却剂并改善其性能。然而，纳米粒子在基液中的稳定性是其面临的挑战之一，需要更多关注。这项工作研究了金纳米粒子和血液基液在热辐射和磁场作用下的聚集情况。为了更好地理解和预测这一物理现象，我们建立了一个偏微分方程系统的数学模型，并通过相似性技术将其转化为一个耦合的三阶非线性边界值微分方程系统。在 Python 3.0 软件的帮助下，使用射击法和 Runge-Kutta Fehlberg 四阶-五阶 (rkf45) 方法，将常微分方程中的边界值简化为一阶初值常微分方程系统。聚合纳米粒子对速度和温度曲线影响的数值结果以图表形式显示，热物理参数对皮肤摩擦系数和努塞尔特数的影响以表格形式显示。研究发现，随着热辐射的增加，有纳米颗粒聚集体和无纳米颗粒聚集体的温度曲线都会上升。同样，磁场的升高也会提高金-血纳米流体的温度曲线。然而，速度曲线会随着磁场的增强而下降。本研究成果对药物输送至关重要的医疗领域大有裨益。此外，该成果还对利用血液基流体中聚合金纳米粒子之间的相互作用的可能性产生了重大影响，从而改善了系统的传质和传热。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the impact of foundry by-product sand as an activator on workability improvement and strength development in alkali-activated blast furnace slag mortar 研究铸造副产品砂作为活化剂对碱活化高炉矿渣砂浆工作性改善和强度发展的影响

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100632

Chi-Yi Hua, Chia-Jung Tsai, Wen-Shinn Shyu, Leila Fazeldehkordi

The substitution of alkali-activated furnace slag significantly reduces the necessity of cement manufacture and mitigates the continuous growth of carbon emissions. In addition, it shows superior mechanical properties compared to traditional concrete materials. However, rapid setting issues hinder its widespread applications. This study investigated the innovative use of zero-carbon waste sodium silicate-bonded sand as a substitute for the fine aggregate and sodium silicate in traditional alkali-activated blast furnace slag mortar. The primary objective is to analyze the impact of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand on the workability and mechanical properties of the mortar. The key properties such as flowability, setting time, temperature measurement, compressive strength, and microstructural were analyzed to determine the improvement in workability and the strength development of alkali-activated blast furnace slag mortar resulting from the use of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand. The research showed the integration of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand results in an eco-friendly and cost-effective material, which addresses limitations in traditional activated blast furnace slag mortars. The finding revealed that substituting fine aggregate and sodium silicate with waste sodium silicate-bonded sand significantly improved the mechanical and workability properties of alkali-activated mortars. Notably, the compressive strength of mortars incorporating waste sodium silicate-bonded sand exceeded that of traditional Portland cement and effectively mitigated rapid setting issues. In addition, this approach led to an environmentally friendly mortar with satisfactory workability. The research emphasizes the practical benefits of utilizing waste sodium silicate-bonded sand and offers new insights into its effects on mortar performance. This has provided more details for future exploration and refinement in the field of alkali-activated materials.

碱激活炉渣的替代品大大降低了水泥生产的必要性，缓解了碳排放量的持续增长。此外，与传统混凝土材料相比，碱活性炉渣还具有更优越的机械性能。然而，快速凝结问题阻碍了它的广泛应用。本研究调查了零碳废物硅酸钠粘结砂的创新使用，以替代传统碱活性高炉矿渣砂浆中的细骨料和硅酸钠。主要目的是分析废硅酸钠粘结砂对砂浆工作性和机械性能的影响。研究分析了流动性、凝结时间、温度测量、抗压强度和微观结构等关键性能，以确定使用废硅酸钠粘结砂改善碱活性高炉矿渣砂浆的工作性和强度发展。研究结果表明，废硅酸钠粘结砂是一种环保且经济有效的材料，解决了传统活性高炉矿渣砂浆的局限性。研究结果表明，用废硅酸钠粘结砂替代细骨料和硅酸钠可显著改善碱活性砂浆的机械性能和工作性能。值得注意的是，掺入废硅酸钠粘结砂的砂浆的抗压强度超过了传统硅酸盐水泥的抗压强度，并有效缓解了速凝问题。此外，这种方法还产生了一种工作性令人满意的环保砂浆。这项研究强调了利用废硅酸钠粘结砂的实际好处，并就其对砂浆性能的影响提供了新的见解。这为今后在碱活性材料领域的探索和改进提供了更多细节。

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引用次数: 0

Outstanding performance of Co-doped ZnS nanoparticles used as nanocatalyst for synthetic dye degradation 用作合成染料降解纳米催化剂的掺钴 ZnS 纳米粒子性能卓越

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100628

A. Ullah , N. Javaid , A. Rafiq , A. Samreen , S. Riaz , S. Naseem

In this work, fabrication of pure and cobalt (Co) doped zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were carried out via facile co-precipitation technique using thioglycolic acid as a surfactant. The synthesized nano powders were employed to characterize using various techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy, to elucidate the alterations in the structure and morphology of nanomaterials. The XRD analysis revealed wurtzite phase of fabricated nanoparticles. Inclusion of Co dopants failed to modify the lattice structure of host material. Analysis of UV–Vis spectroscopy indicates intensive absorption in the visible region upon doping. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to identify functional groups affiliated with molecular vibrations. The photoactivity and kinetics of photo-products were evaluated by monitoring degradation of methylene blue (MB) by solar irradiation. Photodecomposition of MB was significantly increased when Co doped ZnS was employed relative to pristine ZnS. This novel technique of doped ZnS nanoparticles provide an effectual and sustainable route for treatment of wastewater.

在这项研究中，使用巯基乙醇酸作为表面活性剂，通过简便的共沉淀技术制备了纯硫化锌（ZnS）纳米粒子和掺杂钴（Co）的硫化锌（ZnS）纳米粒子。合成的纳米粉末采用 X 射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和紫外可见光谱等多种技术进行表征，以阐明纳米材料结构和形态的变化。XRD 分析表明，所制造的纳米粒子具有钨酸盐相。掺入钴元素未能改变主材料的晶格结构。紫外-可见光谱分析表明，掺杂后在可见光区域有强烈的吸收。傅立叶变换红外光谱用于识别与分子振动有关的官能团。通过监测亚甲基蓝（MB）在太阳照射下的降解情况，评估了光活性和光产物的动力学。与原始 ZnS 相比，采用掺 Co ZnS 时 MB 的光分解率显著提高。这种掺杂 ZnS 纳米粒子的新技术为废水处理提供了一条有效且可持续的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing weld strength and microstructure in CP-titanium and 304 stainless steel friction welds with chromium interlayer 利用铬夹层优化 CP 钛和 304 不锈钢摩擦焊缝的焊接强度和微观结构

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100627

Mohammad Mostafa Sheykhi, Mohammad Ali Mostafaei

This study investigates the effect of a Cr-interlayer on the hardness and friction-welded joint strength between CP-titanium and 304 stainless steel. Rotary friction welding, with its adjustable parameters such as upset pressure, is the preferred method for this dissimilar joint. Due to the difference between these two base metals, a metallic interlayer like chromium, is crucial for controlling the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Welding was conducted at three different upset pressures, both with and without the Cr-interlayer. Tensile and microhardness tests were performed, complemented by phase analysis and microstructural characterization using XRD and SEM. Our findings reveal that employing a chromium layer and higher upset pressures enhances strength while reducing the presence of brittle IMCs in the welds. At the CP-titanium side, dynamic recrystallization occurs due to increased heat generation at the interface and strain occurred by materials flow, facilitating IMC formation, especially evident at 250 MPa upset pressure. Interestingly, relatively higher strength at 150 MPa is attributed to the absence of IMCs. Conversely, higher strength results at 350 MPa due to from the flow of softened material, effectively purging IMCs from the weld zone. Notably, both β-titanium and chromium-based IMCs form in the presence of the chromium interlayer, resulting in decreased joint hardness and increased overall ductility. In conclusion, our study's findings contribute to bridging the gap between theoretical strength and practical application, significantly advancing joint performance.

本研究探讨了铬夹层对 CP 钛和 304 不锈钢之间的硬度和摩擦焊接接头强度的影响。旋转摩擦焊具有可调节的参数（如镦粗压力），是这种异种接头的首选方法。由于这两种贱金属之间的差异，铬等金属夹层对于控制金属间化合物（IMC）的形成至关重要。焊接在三种不同的破坏压力下进行，既有铬夹层，也有无铬夹层。进行了拉伸和显微硬度测试，并使用 XRD 和 SEM 进行了相分析和显微结构表征。我们的研究结果表明，使用铬层和更高的镦锻压力可提高强度，同时减少焊缝中脆性 IMC 的存在。在 CP 钛一侧，由于界面处发热量增加和材料流动产生的应变，会发生动态再结晶，从而促进 IMC 的形成，这在 250 兆帕镦锻压力下尤为明显。有趣的是，150 兆帕时强度相对较高的原因是没有 IMC。相反，在 350 兆帕时，由于软化材料的流动，有效地将 IMC 清除出焊接区，因此强度较高。值得注意的是，β-钛和铬基 IMC 都会在铬夹层的存在下形成，从而导致接头硬度降低，整体延展性增加。总之，我们的研究结果有助于缩小理论强度与实际应用之间的差距，显著提高接头性能。

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引用次数: 0

Bifunctional catalysis on water splitting reaction by graphitic carbon supported NiO, NiS and NiSe nanoparticles 石墨碳支撑的 NiO、NiS 和 NiSe 纳米颗粒对水分离反应的双功能催化作用

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100625

Mousumi Mondal , Anirban Ghosh , Sujit Kumar Ghosh , Swapan Kumar Bhattacharya

In this work, we have synthesized NiO, NiS and NiSe nanoparticles by similar hydrothermal method and the electrocatalytic activities of the graphite carbon-supported synthesized materials have been compared in reference to hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in aqueous acidic and alkaline media respectively. The as-synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopic studies. The best electrocatalyst, NiSe provides a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² at 259 mV overpotential for OER in 1.0 M KOH, which is superior to that of the state-of-the-art catalyst RuO₂ in the same environment. For HER the best electrocatalyst, NiSe provides a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² at 49.5 mV overpotential in 0.5 M H₂SO₄, which is again superior to Pt wire electrode. The order of electrocatalytic activity in both HER and OER has been found to follow the sequence: NiSe > NiS > NiO under the same electrochemical conditions, as have been evident from cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies. While the electrochemical surface area is increased by 16.4 % and 37.3 % on changing the electrocatalyst from NiO to NiS and NiSe respectively, the chronoamperometric current densities are increased by 429 % and 635 % at 0.8 V for OER and 548 % and 9733 % at −0.4V for HER on changing the same materials. Thus, the enhancement in catalytic activity hangs mainly on the material characteristics besides the morphological improvement.

在这项工作中，我们采用类似的水热法合成了 NiO、NiS 和 NiSe 纳米粒子，并比较了石墨碳支撑合成材料在酸性和碱性水介质中分别进行氢和氧进化反应（HER 和 OER）的电催化活性。通过粉末 X 射线衍射、傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜研究对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征。最佳电催化剂 NiSe 在 1.0 M KOH 中，过电位为 259 mV 时，OER 的电流密度为 10 mA cm-2，优于在相同环境中使用的最先进催化剂 RuO2。对于 HER 最佳电催化剂，NiSe 在 0.5 M H2SO4 中的过电位为 49.5 mV 时的电流密度为 10 mA cm-2，同样优于铂丝电极。研究发现，HER 和 OER 的电催化活性顺序如下在相同的电化学条件下，NiSe、NiS、NiO 的电催化活性顺序依次为：NiSe、NiS、NiO。将电催化剂从 NiO 改为 NiS 和 NiSe 后，电化学表面积分别增加了 16.4% 和 37.3%，而改变相同的材料后，OER 在 0.8V 时的时变电流密度分别增加了 429% 和 635%，HER 在-0.4V 时分别增加了 548% 和 9733%。因此，催化活性的提高主要取决于材料的特性，而不是形态的改善。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing superconductivity research: Insights from numerical simulations of potassium fullerenide-60 and gold and with Ginzburg-Landau theory 推进超导研究：富勒烯化钾-60 和金的数值模拟以及金兹堡-朗道理论的启示

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100626

Mohamad Hasson , Mohamad Asem Alkourdi , Marwan Al-Raeei

There are many types of superconductors, including gold ormus and some fullerene derivatives. Gold can become a superconductor at extremely low temperatures (<1 K), allowing it to conduct electricity without resistance. While not as commonly used as materials like niobium or lead, gold superconductors are valuable for research and development in superconductivity. Fullerene derivatives like potassium fullerenide-60 also exhibit high superconductivity. Limited studies have been conducted on both gold ormus and superconducting fullerene derivatives. Our study of numerical simulations of the Ginzburg-Landau theory in superconductors for gold ormus and potassium fullerenide-60 has yielded important results. We have successfully simulated class-I and class-II superconducting gold ormus, as well as potassium fullerenide-60, using the Runge-Kutta fourth order method. Our analysis demonstrates the convergence of our simulation outcomes and highlights the importance of considering truncation error and selecting appropriate step sizes for accurate results. The periodic factor of penetration (PFP) for each superconductor has been determined, with class-I superconducting gold having a PFP of 250 nm, class-II superconducting gold having a PFP of 566.2 nm, and potassium fullerenide-60 having a PFP of 1.374 nm. Additionally, our study reveals the relationship between the periodic penetration factor and the length of the penetration depth, showing that the PFP reaches a minimum value at a penetration depth length of 130 nm. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of superconductivity in gold ormus and potassium fullerenide-60, emphasizing the importance of accurate numerical simulations for studying complex physical phenomena. Our study confirmed the accuracy of the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method in simulating superconductors. By examining the PFP for various superconducting materials, we identified trends in penetration depth, shedding light on superconductivity. Our simulations give valuable insights for advancing research in this field, with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method striking a balance between accuracy and efficiency. Careful parameter adjustment ensures reliable simulations and contributes to progress in superconductivity research.

超导体有很多种，包括金锇和一些富勒烯衍生物。金可以在极低的温度（1 K）下成为超导体，从而可以无电阻导电。虽然金超导体不像铌或铅等材料那样常用，但对超导研究和开发却很有价值。富勒烯衍生物（如富勒烯钾-60）也具有很高的超导性。对金奥姆斯和超导富勒烯衍生物的研究都很有限。我们对金奥尔莫斯和富勒烯内钾-60 的超导体金兹堡-朗道理论进行的数值模拟研究取得了重要成果。我们使用 Runge-Kutta 四阶方法成功模拟了 I 类和 II 类超导金奥姆斯以及富勒烯内钾-60。我们的分析表明了模拟结果的收敛性，并强调了考虑截断误差和选择适当步长以获得精确结果的重要性。我们确定了每种超导体的穿透周期因子（PFP），其中 I 类超导金的穿透周期因子为 250 nm，II 类超导金的穿透周期因子为 566.2 nm，富硒化钾-60 的穿透周期因子为 1.374 nm。此外，我们的研究还揭示了周期性穿透因数与穿透深度长度之间的关系，显示穿透深度长度为 130 nm 时，周期性穿透因数达到最小值。总之，我们的研究结果有助于更好地理解金奥尔莫斯和富勒烯化钾-60 的超导性，强调了精确数值模拟对研究复杂物理现象的重要性。我们的研究证实了 Runge-Kutta 四阶方法在模拟超导体方面的准确性。通过研究各种超导材料的 PFP，我们发现了穿透深度的变化趋势，从而揭示了超导现象。我们的模拟为推进该领域的研究提供了宝贵的见解，Runge-Kutta 四阶方法在精度和效率之间取得了平衡。精心的参数调整确保了模拟的可靠性，并为超导研究的进展做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of undoped and yttrium, bismuth co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Bryophyllum pinnatum for photocatalytic application 利用凤仙花绿色合成用于光催化应用的未掺杂和钇铋共掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子

Results in Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100629

Md Sharier Parvez , Ashikur Rahman , A.K.M. Ahsanul Habib , S.M. Nasim Rokon

In this research, a non-toxic, inexpensive, and environment-friendly green synthesis route was investigated to synthesize undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles by using Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract. Precursor material titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) was utilized for both undoped and co-doped TiO₂ and Yttrium and Bismuth were added to 1, 2, and 3 percent as co-dopants. The obtained undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical techniques, which include X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–Visible spectroscopy for the evaluation of the structural, morphological, and photocatalytic activity. Anatase phase formation was observed from the XRD analysis for both undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles. The average particle size for undoped TiO₂ nanoparticles was found to be 15.92 nm which raised to 21.70 nm for 3 % co-doping. UV–Vis Spectroscopy analysis revealed a reduction on band gap energy (E_g) for Y, Bi co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles. Methylene blue (MB) photodegradation demonstrates co-doping with Y, Bi significantly increases the photocatalytic activity. Overall, green synthesis using Bryophyllum pinnatum was found to be an economical method to fabricate TiO₂ NPs that shows great improvement in photo-degradation characteristics.

本研究探讨了一种无毒、廉价、环保的绿色合成路线，利用凤仙花叶提取物合成未掺杂和钇铋共掺杂的二氧化钛纳米粒子。未掺杂和共掺杂的二氧化钛都使用了前驱体材料异丙醇钛（TTIP），并添加了1%、2%和3%的钇和铋作为共掺杂剂。通过各种分析技术，包括 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDX) 和紫外-可见光谱，对获得的未掺杂和钇铋共掺杂 TiO2 纳米粒子进行了表征，以评估其结构、形态和光催化活性。从 XRD 分析中可以观察到未掺杂和 Y、Bi 共掺杂的二氧化钛纳米粒子都形成了钛酸钙相。未掺杂的二氧化钛纳米颗粒的平均粒径为 15.92 nm，而掺杂 3 % 时的平均粒径增加到 21.70 nm。紫外可见光谱分析显示，Y、Bi 共掺杂 TiO2 纳米粒子的带隙能 (Eg) 有所降低。亚甲基蓝（MB）光降解表明，共掺杂 Y、Bi 能显著提高光催化活性。总之，使用羽叶金雀花进行绿色合成是一种制造二氧化钛纳米粒子的经济方法，它能极大地改善光降解特性。

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引用次数: 0