Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100850
G. Ravi , Jonah , R. Arulmani
Inconel 718 alloy widely used in aerospace applications must be joined under lower heat input conditions during out-of-position welding. The recently developed novel spin arc welding method has extensive industrial applications owing to its all-position welding capability, increased productivity, and high-quality welds. The weld quality is influenced by spin diameter (D), spin speed (N), welding speed (S), welding current, etc., and a better quality could be achieved by optimizing the process. In this study, influences of D, N, and S on depth of penetration (DP), bead height (BH), and bead width (BW) were explored using regression models. N had a greater influence on DP, BH, and BW than D. The spin-arc process was optimized using the desirability technique to obtain the maximum DP, BH, and minimum BW. Aged Inconel 718 alloy disc was joined at the optimum condition and characterized. The weld metal microstructure exhibited a columnar dendritic structure without cracks and an absence of carbides in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM). WM contained a uniform distribution of Nb and Laves constituents and the mean volume fractions of Nb and laves were 10.5 ± 1.5 % and 18 ± 2.55 %, respectively. WM micro-hardness was higher than that of other regions and the joint strength was slightly lower than BM.
{"title":"Optimization of spin arc GMAW process and welding of Inconel 718 superalloy","authors":"G. Ravi , Jonah , R. Arulmani","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inconel 718 alloy widely used in aerospace applications must be joined under lower heat input conditions during out-of-position welding. The recently developed novel spin arc welding method has extensive industrial applications owing to its all-position welding capability, increased productivity, and high-quality welds. The weld quality is influenced by spin diameter (D), spin speed (N), welding speed (S), welding current, etc., and a better quality could be achieved by optimizing the process. In this study, influences of D, N, and S on depth of penetration (DP), bead height (BH), and bead width (BW) were explored using regression models. N had a greater influence on DP, BH, and BW than D. The spin-arc process was optimized using the desirability technique to obtain the maximum DP, BH, and minimum BW. Aged Inconel 718 alloy disc was joined at the optimum condition and characterized. The weld metal microstructure exhibited a columnar dendritic structure without cracks and an absence of carbides in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM). WM contained a uniform distribution of Nb and Laves constituents and the mean volume fractions of Nb and laves were 10.5 ± 1.5 % and 18 ± 2.55 %, respectively. WM micro-hardness was higher than that of other regions and the joint strength was slightly lower than BM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100843
Chunxu Zhang , Chang Xu , Hongyang Wang , Min Qi , Xijing Zhuang , Xufeng Dong
Current endovascular stents rely on homogeneous metallic materials lacking region-specific degradability, with non-degradable anchoring components posing risks of endothelial injury and distal stent graft-induced new entry (dSINE). This study introduces a coaxial continuous-pulse dual-beam laser system to weld NiTi alloy and WE43 Mg alloy. The weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties of joints obtained by single-beam and dual]-beam laser welding were compared and analyzed. The results showed that dual-beam laser welding (CPLW) produced superior WE43/NiTi joints with optimal tensile strength (141.6 MPa at 75 A) and enhanced interfacial bonding via elements diffuse into each other. However, corrosion resistance degraded significantly due to interfacial defects and Mg dissolution. Fracture modes differed: NiTi retained ductile fractures, while WE43 exhibited brittle-ductile mixed fractures from thermal cycling-induced grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone.
{"title":"Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-Ti dissimilar joints fabricated via dual-beam laser welding","authors":"Chunxu Zhang , Chang Xu , Hongyang Wang , Min Qi , Xijing Zhuang , Xufeng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current endovascular stents rely on homogeneous metallic materials lacking region-specific degradability, with non-degradable anchoring components posing risks of endothelial injury and distal stent graft-induced new entry (dSINE). This study introduces a coaxial continuous-pulse dual-beam laser system to weld NiTi alloy and WE43 Mg alloy. The weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties of joints obtained by single-beam and dual]-beam laser welding were compared and analyzed. The results showed that dual-beam laser welding (CPLW) produced superior WE43/NiTi joints with optimal tensile strength (141.6 MPa at 75 A) and enhanced interfacial bonding via elements diffuse into each other. However, corrosion resistance degraded significantly due to interfacial defects and Mg dissolution. Fracture modes differed: NiTi retained ductile fractures, while WE43 exhibited brittle-ductile mixed fractures from thermal cycling-induced grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100857
Carol Winnifred Rodricks, Gerhard Kalinka
The single fibre pull-out test is an important micromechanical test used to evaluate the fibre-matrix interface of polymer matrix composites primarily under shear stress. Models interpreting force-displacement curves from pull-out tests often rely on assumptions about the stress distribution along the loaded fibre and crack behaviour at the fibre-matrix interface. This study aims to answer two critical questions: does the crack initiation and propagation at the interface proceed as in elastic materials, or is the debonding instantaneous as in ductile materials? And if elastic, where does the crack initiate and how does it propagate? To address these questions, an in situ optical investigation of the pull-out test under polarised light was conducted to observe crack initiation and propagation at the fibre-matrix interface under load.
It was found that the location of crack initiation and the subsequent crack propagation were dependent on the ratio of the embedding length to the fibre diameter () for a given fibre-matrix combination. For short embeddings ( < 4), cracks initiated at the embedded fibre's end and grew toward the fibre's entrance into the droplet. Unstable crack growth occurred if the remaining stress on the interface was not reduced with further crack extension. For long embeddings ( > 4), cracks first appeared at the entrance of the fibre into the matrix. As the crack propagated and the remaining contact area between fibre and matrix decreased, the stress along the fibre resembled the short embedding situation, leading to a second crack arising at the fibre's end. Further loading resulted in both cracks growing toward each other until the rising stress in the remaining contact zone exceeded that needed for stable crack growth, and the fibre was completely detached. These findings enhance the understanding of fibre-matrix interactions and provide valuable insights for improving the interpretation of pull-out test results.
{"title":"Optical investigation of crack initiation and propagation during the single fibre pull-out test","authors":"Carol Winnifred Rodricks, Gerhard Kalinka","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The single fibre pull-out test is an important micromechanical test used to evaluate the fibre-matrix interface of polymer matrix composites primarily under shear stress. Models interpreting force-displacement curves from pull-out tests often rely on assumptions about the stress distribution along the loaded fibre and crack behaviour at the fibre-matrix interface. This study aims to answer two critical questions: does the crack initiation and propagation at the interface proceed as in elastic materials, or is the debonding instantaneous as in ductile materials? And if elastic, where does the crack initiate and how does it propagate? To address these questions, an <em>in situ</em> optical investigation of the pull-out test under polarised light was conducted to observe crack initiation and propagation at the fibre-matrix interface under load.</div><div>It was found that the location of crack initiation and the subsequent crack propagation were dependent on the ratio of the embedding length to the fibre diameter (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>) for a given fibre-matrix combination. For short embeddings (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span> < 4), cracks initiated at the embedded fibre's end and grew toward the fibre's entrance into the droplet. Unstable crack growth occurred if the remaining stress on the interface was not reduced with further crack extension. For long embeddings (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span> > 4), cracks first appeared at the entrance of the fibre into the matrix. As the crack propagated and the remaining contact area between fibre and matrix decreased, the stress along the fibre resembled the short embedding situation, leading to a second crack arising at the fibre's end. Further loading resulted in both cracks growing toward each other until the rising stress in the remaining contact zone exceeded that needed for stable crack growth, and the fibre was completely detached. These findings enhance the understanding of fibre-matrix interactions and provide valuable insights for improving the interpretation of pull-out test results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100856
Hussein Moazami Goodarzi, Saeed Dinarvand, Mohammad Vahabi, Arash Mirabdolah Lavasani
The efficiency and longevity of solar cells, along with optimal performance, have always been the focus of energy scientists. Radiant cooling can be considered a new and innovative way to reduce the temperature of photovoltaic cells. Various materials can be used as a coating on the solar panel with the aim of increasing efficiency, the most important of which are polymers. These materials are a good option for cooling due to their affordability and easy availability. This study presents the optical and thermal analysis of three structures, which include: i) conventional structure of photovoltaic panel without coating or Normal Commercial Panel (NCP), ii) NCP structure covered with PVB (NCP + PVB plate coating), and iii) NCP structure covered with PVB micro-grating (NCP + PVB micro-grating coating). The simulation is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results demonstrate that the structure covered with micro-grating has a higher permeability than a Normal Commercial Panel and also the structure covered with a simple PVB plate, which this achievement shows the promising optical properties of this structure. The temperature simulations revealed that the structure with micro-grating exhibits a significant temperature decrease compared to the Normal Commercial Panel and a slight reduction relative to the structure covered with a simple PVB plate. Besides, the research generally showed that the use of polymer materials as radiative coolers has positive and promising effects compared to simple structures. The detailed results, both quantitative and qualitative, are presented in the body of the article.
{"title":"A noticeable effect of PVB micro-grating coating on a commercial photovoltaic panel: a radiative cooling simulation","authors":"Hussein Moazami Goodarzi, Saeed Dinarvand, Mohammad Vahabi, Arash Mirabdolah Lavasani","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency and longevity of solar cells, along with optimal performance, have always been the focus of energy scientists. Radiant cooling can be considered a new and innovative way to reduce the temperature of photovoltaic cells. Various materials can be used as a coating on the solar panel with the aim of increasing efficiency, the most important of which are polymers. These materials are a good option for cooling due to their affordability and easy availability. This study presents the optical and thermal analysis of three structures, which include: i) conventional structure of photovoltaic panel without coating or Normal Commercial Panel (NCP), ii) NCP structure covered with PVB (NCP + PVB plate coating), and iii) NCP structure covered with PVB micro-grating (NCP + PVB micro-grating coating). The simulation is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results demonstrate that the structure covered with micro-grating has a higher permeability than a Normal Commercial Panel and also the structure covered with a simple PVB plate, which this achievement shows the promising optical properties of this structure. The temperature simulations revealed that the structure with micro-grating exhibits a significant temperature decrease compared to the Normal Commercial Panel and a slight reduction relative to the structure covered with a simple PVB plate. Besides, the research generally showed that the use of polymer materials as radiative coolers has positive and promising effects compared to simple structures. The detailed results, both quantitative and qualitative, are presented in the body of the article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles offer a promising approach for lightweight and effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles using two methods - chemical co-precipitation and liquid-phase combustion - to investigate how the synthesis method, particle properties, and filler loading influence EMI shielding performance. The co-precipitation technique produced superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles with a smaller size (∼10 nm) and better dispersion, while the combustion method yielded larger and more aggregated particles. These nanoparticles were added at low weight fractions (0.25–1.0 wt%) into polymer and cement matrices to create nanocomposites. Microwave transmission tests over the range 0.7–17 GHz showed that even small additions of Fe3O4 significantly attenuated EM waves. At an optimal filler content of ∼0.5 wt%, the composites achieved up to 20 dB reduction in the transmitted signal in the 1–2 GHz range. Notably, the addition of 0.25 wt% Fe3O4 to a cement composite (10 mm thick) produced approximately 21 dB attenuation at approximately 1.5 GHz, highlighting the effectiveness of shielding with an ultralow filler content. A critical threshold was identified around 0.5 wt% magnetite, beyond which increasing the nanoparticle content beyond this threshold did not produce significant broad-band improvements (due to particle agglomeration and saturation of magnetic losses). Higher loadings (1 wt%) offered only frequency-specific gains at certain bands and did not improve overall shielding performance. Comparatively, co-precipitated Fe3O4 composites outperformed those with combustion-synthesized Fe3O4 at equal filler loadings due to their finer particle size and more uniform distribution. These findings demonstrate that effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding can be achieved with minimal Fe3O4 filler and optimizing nanoparticle synthesis and dispersion are key to developing high-performance, lightweight shielding materials for practical applications.
{"title":"Application of the obtained nanostructured composite fibers Fe3O4","authors":"Lesbayev Aidos , Akalim Doszhan , Astemessova Kalamkas , Yerezhep Darkhan","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles offer a promising approach for lightweight and effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. In this study, we synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles using two methods - chemical co-precipitation and liquid-phase combustion - to investigate how the synthesis method, particle properties, and filler loading influence EMI shielding performance. The co-precipitation technique produced superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles with a smaller size (∼10 nm) and better dispersion, while the combustion method yielded larger and more aggregated particles. These nanoparticles were added at low weight fractions (0.25–1.0 wt%) into polymer and cement matrices to create nanocomposites. Microwave transmission tests over the range 0.7–17 GHz showed that even small additions of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> significantly attenuated EM waves. At an optimal filler content of ∼0.5 wt%, the composites achieved up to 20 dB reduction in the transmitted signal in the 1–2 GHz range. Notably, the addition of 0.25 wt% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to a cement composite (10 mm thick) produced approximately 21 dB attenuation at approximately 1.5 GHz, highlighting the effectiveness of shielding with an ultralow filler content. A critical threshold was identified around 0.5 wt% magnetite, beyond which increasing the nanoparticle content beyond this threshold did not produce significant broad-band improvements (due to particle agglomeration and saturation of magnetic losses). Higher loadings (1 wt%) offered only frequency-specific gains at certain bands and did not improve overall shielding performance. Comparatively, co-precipitated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composites outperformed those with combustion-synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> at equal filler loadings due to their finer particle size and more uniform distribution. These findings demonstrate that effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding can be achieved with minimal Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> filler and optimizing nanoparticle synthesis and dispersion are key to developing high-performance, lightweight shielding materials for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100844
M. Tsegay , H. Gebretinsae , G. Welegerges , M. Maaza , Z. Nuru
Biosynthesized Cr2O3 nanoparticles were produced via a green process and annealed at 700 °C for 1–4 h. SEM analysis revealed spherically shaped nanoparticles, with minimal agglomeration observed after 1 h compared to samples annealed for 3–4 h. EDS analysis showed distinct peaks for Chromium (Cr) at approximately 5.4 keV and 5.9 keV, along with an Oxygen (O) peak near 0.5 keV, confirming the formation of Cr2O3. The structural analysis confirmed that the crystalline phase of the biosynthesized Cr2O3 NPs was Eskolite Cr2O3 for all samples annealed from 1 to 4 h at 700 °C. The grain size decreases from 51.87 to 28.23 nm as annealing time varies from 2 to 4 h. The dislocation density and strain of the biosynthesized Cr2O3 increase slightly, attributed to smaller grains having higher dislocation densities due to more grain boundaries. FTIR affirmed the presence of Cr2O3 in all samples prepared. The band gap energy determined for the biosynthesized Cr2O3 NPs ranges from 2.75 eV to 2.90 eV, corresponding to annealing times of 2–4 h, respectively. This variation is attributed to the decrease in grain size and the increased annealing duration. The UV–Vis–NIR diffuse reflectance analysis confirms that Cr2O3 NPs synthesized for 1 and 2 h exhibit higher absorptance than those prepared at 3 and 4 h in the 200–2500 nm wavelength range. These results can be attributed to variations in the annealing temperature, grain size, and bandgap energy of the prepared Cr2O3 nanoparticles.
{"title":"Influence of annealing duration on the optical properties of biosynthesized Cr2O3 nanoparticles","authors":"M. Tsegay , H. Gebretinsae , G. Welegerges , M. Maaza , Z. Nuru","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biosynthesized Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were produced via a green process and annealed at 700 °C for 1–4 h. SEM analysis revealed spherically shaped nanoparticles, with minimal agglomeration observed after 1 h compared to samples annealed for 3–4 h. EDS analysis showed distinct peaks for Chromium (Cr) at approximately 5.4 keV and 5.9 keV, along with an Oxygen (O) peak near 0.5 keV, confirming the formation of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The structural analysis confirmed that the crystalline phase of the biosynthesized Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs was Eskolite Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for all samples annealed from 1 to 4 h at 700 °C. The grain size decreases from 51.87 to 28.23 nm as annealing time varies from 2 to 4 h. The dislocation density and strain of the biosynthesized Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> increase slightly, attributed to smaller grains having higher dislocation densities due to more grain boundaries. FTIR affirmed the presence of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in all samples prepared. The band gap energy determined for the biosynthesized Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs ranges from 2.75 eV to 2.90 eV, corresponding to annealing times of 2–4 h, respectively. This variation is attributed to the decrease in grain size and the increased annealing duration. The UV–Vis–NIR diffuse reflectance analysis confirms that Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs synthesized for 1 and 2 h exhibit higher absorptance than those prepared at 3 and 4 h in the 200–2500 nm wavelength range. These results can be attributed to variations in the annealing temperature, grain size, and bandgap energy of the prepared Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100840
Mehedi Hasan , Most Laboni Begum
This study reports the development of a cost-effective and eco-friendly hydrogel composite (HC) by incorporating leather shaving dust (SD), a tannery byproduct, into an acrylamide-based polymer matrix. The composite was synthesized using acrylamide as a monomer, potassium persulfate as an initiator, and N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker. Comprehensive characterization was conducted to evaluate swelling behavior, mechanical performance, heavy metal adsorption, types of interactions of heavy metals in hydrogel composite, comparison with other adsorbent, theoretical explanation of the adsorbing and mechanical reusability of hydrogel composite, kinetics of the heavy metal adsorption, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. The composite exhibited excellent swelling properties, with swelling ratios varying according to shaving dust content and acrylamide concentration. Mechanical testing was demonstrated enhanced tensile strength, reaching a maximum fracture stress of 17.7 kPa at 9 % SD, and compressive strength peaking at 0.082 MPa under similar conditions. Adsorption experiments revealed high uptake capacities for cadmium (52 mg g−1, 37.5 %), chromium (17.8 mg g−1, 9.3 %), and lead (12.7 mg g−1, 47.3 %), with efficiency plateauing at higher metal concentrations due to saturation. The composite also demonstrated partial biodegradability, with the SD fraction degrading within weeks to months, and could be regenerated for up to 10 reuse cycles. Cost analysis estimated a production cost of approximately $0.77 per liter, which is projected to decrease significantly under mass production. Beyond wastewater remediation, the hydrogel composite showed potential for manufacturing biodegradable and water-absorbing goods such as agricultural membranes, moisture-retaining packaging, and biomedical devices. These findings establish the hydrogel composite as a scalable, sustainable material that addresses dual challenges of heavy metal pollution and industrial waste management, while offering a viable alternative to conventional plastics in alignment with circular economy principles.
{"title":"Development of an eco-friendly and cost-effective hydrogel composite utilizing leather shaving dust for solid waste reduction, heavy metal removal, wastewater treatment, and sustainable goods production","authors":"Mehedi Hasan , Most Laboni Begum","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the development of a cost-effective and eco-friendly hydrogel composite (HC) by incorporating leather shaving dust (SD), a tannery byproduct, into an acrylamide-based polymer matrix. The composite was synthesized using acrylamide as a monomer, potassium persulfate as an initiator, and N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker. Comprehensive characterization was conducted to evaluate swelling behavior, mechanical performance, heavy metal adsorption, types of interactions of heavy metals in hydrogel composite, comparison with other adsorbent, theoretical explanation of the adsorbing and mechanical reusability of hydrogel composite, kinetics of the heavy metal adsorption, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. The composite exhibited excellent swelling properties, with swelling ratios varying according to shaving dust content and acrylamide concentration. Mechanical testing was demonstrated enhanced tensile strength, reaching a maximum fracture stress of 17.7 kPa at 9 % SD, and compressive strength peaking at 0.082 MPa under similar conditions. Adsorption experiments revealed high uptake capacities for cadmium (52 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 37.5 %), chromium (17.8 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 9.3 %), and lead (12.7 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 47.3 %), with efficiency plateauing at higher metal concentrations due to saturation. The composite also demonstrated partial biodegradability, with the SD fraction degrading within weeks to months, and could be regenerated for up to 10 reuse cycles. Cost analysis estimated a production cost of approximately $0.77 per liter, which is projected to decrease significantly under mass production. Beyond wastewater remediation, the hydrogel composite showed potential for manufacturing biodegradable and water-absorbing goods such as agricultural membranes, moisture-retaining packaging, and biomedical devices. These findings establish the hydrogel composite as a scalable, sustainable material that addresses dual challenges of heavy metal pollution and industrial waste management, while offering a viable alternative to conventional plastics in alignment with circular economy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100841
Ojo S.I. Fayomi , Omaji Adakole , Ho Soon Min , Kunle M. Oluwasegun
The degradation of mild steel in corrosive environments necessitates innovative, eco-friendly protective coatings. This study aims to enhance the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of mild steel by developing a Zn-Al2O3 nanocomposite coating reinforced with functionalized coconut shell particulates (CSP: 0, 2, 4, 6 g) constant-current electrodeposition (1.5 A/cm2). The coatings were characterized for corrosion behavior in 3.65 % NaCl using linear polarization resistance (LPR) and open circuit potential (OCP), while hardness, microstructure, and phase composition were assessed via Brinell hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results revealed that Zn-20Al2O3-6CSP significantly outperformed uncoated steel, with polarization resistance increasing from 23.5 Ω cm2 to 97.2 Ω cm2 and corrosion rate decreasing from 9.98 mm/year to 1.16 mm/year. Hardness improved by 92 % (to 261.8 kgf/mm2) due to reduced voids and intermetallic phases (ZnO, Al2O3, MgO, FeO). These findings position CSP as a promising sustainable additive for advanced anti-corrosion coatings, warranting further exploration in marine applications.
{"title":"Functionalized Cocos nucifera L shell particulate enhancement on the nanocrystalline and anticorrosion performance of Zn-Al2O3-CSP on mild steel for extended application","authors":"Ojo S.I. Fayomi , Omaji Adakole , Ho Soon Min , Kunle M. Oluwasegun","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degradation of mild steel in corrosive environments necessitates innovative, eco-friendly protective coatings. This study aims to enhance the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of mild steel by developing a Zn-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite coating reinforced with functionalized coconut shell particulates (CSP: 0, 2, 4, 6 g) constant-current electrodeposition (1.5 A/cm<sup>2</sup>). The coatings were characterized for corrosion behavior in 3.65 % NaCl using linear polarization resistance (LPR) and open circuit potential (OCP), while hardness, microstructure, and phase composition were assessed via Brinell hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results revealed that Zn-20Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-6CSP significantly outperformed uncoated steel, with polarization resistance increasing from 23.5 Ω cm<sup>2</sup> to 97.2 Ω cm<sup>2</sup> and corrosion rate decreasing from 9.98 mm/year to 1.16 mm/year. Hardness improved by 92 % (to 261.8 kgf/mm<sup>2</sup>) due to reduced voids and intermetallic phases (ZnO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, FeO). These findings position CSP as a promising sustainable additive for advanced anti-corrosion coatings, warranting further exploration in marine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorescent light tubes are an economical source of light. However, when they cease to emit light, they become waste tubes. These waste tubes can easily break into small particles that are non-degradable, posing significant waste management challenges. Furthermore, waste tube particles are hazardous to human health and release harmful gases when burned. To address this issue, ground waste tube powder (WTP) was utilized in cement mortar—a novel approach not previously reported in the literature. The mortar was prepared with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.35 and a cement-to-sand ratio of 1:1. WTP was incorporated as a partial replacement for cement at levels of 0 %, 2.5 %, 5.0 %, and 7.5 % by weight to evaluate its effects on the mortar properties. The mortar was mixed using a mortar mixer (J-type: 10-L capacity), and each test followed the standard procedures prescribed by the relevant codes. The optimal WTP content was found to be 5.0 %, which increased the flow table value, compressive strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and tensile strength by 2.0 %, 16.4 %, 6.0 %, 20.8 %, and 7.7 %, respectively. Conversely, the density and water absorption decreased by 3.6 % and 43.5 %, respectively. At lower WTP contents (up to 5 %), the pozzolanic characteristics of WTP enhanced the mechanical properties. However, at higher contents, these properties decreased due to the insufficient cement particles, which were replaced by a larger proportion of WTP. The implementation of these findings not only resolves the critical problems of WT disposal but also contributes to the production of higher-quality mortar for sustainable infrastructure development.
{"title":"The potential of fluorescent light tube powder as a sustainable partial cement replacement for mortar","authors":"Bipana Marasini , Aaditya Sapkota , Bishes Dhakal , Subigya Dhungana , Santosh Gharti Chhetri , Tek Raj Gyawali","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescent light tubes are an economical source of light. However, when they cease to emit light, they become waste tubes. These waste tubes can easily break into small particles that are non-degradable, posing significant waste management challenges. Furthermore, waste tube particles are hazardous to human health and release harmful gases when burned. To address this issue, ground waste tube powder (WTP) was utilized in cement mortar—a novel approach not previously reported in the literature. The mortar was prepared with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.35 and a cement-to-sand ratio of 1:1. WTP was incorporated as a partial replacement for cement at levels of 0 %, 2.5 %, 5.0 %, and 7.5 % by weight to evaluate its effects on the mortar properties. The mortar was mixed using a mortar mixer (J-type: 10-L capacity), and each test followed the standard procedures prescribed by the relevant codes. The optimal WTP content was found to be 5.0 %, which increased the flow table value, compressive strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and tensile strength by 2.0 %, 16.4 %, 6.0 %, 20.8 %, and 7.7 %, respectively. Conversely, the density and water absorption decreased by 3.6 % and 43.5 %, respectively. At lower WTP contents (up to 5 %), the pozzolanic characteristics of WTP enhanced the mechanical properties. However, at higher contents, these properties decreased due to the insufficient cement particles, which were replaced by a larger proportion of WTP. The implementation of these findings not only resolves the critical problems of WT disposal but also contributes to the production of higher-quality mortar for sustainable infrastructure development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100851
Dina Bostanchi , Mehrdad Shahbaz , Najmeh Najmoddin
This study explores the critical failure tendencies of selectively laser melted (SLM) 3D-printed Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds across distinct pH environments (acidic, neutral, and alkaline) within a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. While bulk SLM Ti6Al4V corrosion is widely studied, the innovation of this work lies in quantifying the synergistic degradation risk inherent to complex porous geometries—namely, crevice corrosion vulnerability and a high effective surface area—under extreme physiological conditions that mimic inflammation or infection. Porous Ti6Al4V structures were meticulously designed and fabricated using SLM technology. The morphology, microstructure, and elemental composition, were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Corrosion tests, employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization, illuminated the corrosion behavior's severe pH-dependency in the PBS solution. Contrary to assumptions of general robust resistance, the scaffolds exhibited optimal corrosion resistance in alkaline conditions, evidenced by the minimum corrosion current density (Icorr) of 0.0132 μA/cm2 and the peak polarization resistance (Rp) of 1.1071 Ohm⋅cm2. Conversely, performance significantly deteriorated in acidic conditions, showing the maximal Icorr of 0.2003 μA/cm2. This sharp increase in dissolution is attributed to the chemical destabilization of the passive TiO2 film under low pH, a high-risk scenario for the enhanced release of cytotoxic Aluminum (Al) and Vanadium (V) ions from the porous structure. These quantitative findings establish the critical pH boundary for degradation, guiding future surface modification strategies necessary to ensure the long-term clinical safety and integrity of SLM tissue engineering scaffolds.
{"title":"Optimizing biomedical material integrity: Corrosion analysis of 3D-printed Ti6Al4V scaffolds at varying pH levels","authors":"Dina Bostanchi , Mehrdad Shahbaz , Najmeh Najmoddin","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the critical failure tendencies of selectively laser melted (SLM) 3D-printed Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds across distinct pH environments (acidic, neutral, and alkaline) within a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. While bulk SLM Ti6Al4V corrosion is widely studied, the innovation of this work lies in quantifying the synergistic degradation risk inherent to complex porous geometries—namely, crevice corrosion vulnerability and a high effective surface area—under extreme physiological conditions that mimic inflammation or infection. Porous Ti6Al4V structures were meticulously designed and fabricated using SLM technology. The morphology, microstructure, and elemental composition, were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Corrosion tests, employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization, illuminated the corrosion behavior's severe pH-dependency in the PBS solution. Contrary to assumptions of general robust resistance, the scaffolds exhibited optimal corrosion resistance in alkaline conditions, evidenced by the minimum corrosion current density (<em>I</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub>) of 0.0132 μA/cm<sup>2</sup> and the peak polarization resistance (<em>R</em><sub><em>p</em></sub>) of 1.1071 <em>Ohm</em>⋅<em>cm</em><sup>2</sup>. Conversely, performance significantly deteriorated in acidic conditions, showing the maximal <em>I</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub> of 0.2003 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>. This sharp increase in dissolution is attributed to the chemical destabilization of the passive TiO<sub>2</sub> film under low pH, a high-risk scenario for the enhanced release of cytotoxic Aluminum (Al) and Vanadium (V) ions from the porous structure. These quantitative findings establish the critical pH boundary for degradation, guiding future surface modification strategies necessary to ensure the long-term clinical safety and integrity of SLM tissue engineering scaffolds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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