Smart Materials in Manufacturing最新文献_第4页

Stable waterborne epoxy resins: Impact of toughening agents on coating properties 稳定性水性环氧树脂：增韧剂对涂层性能的影响

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100079

Yongshan Zhao , Hao Zhang , Xingzhu Zhu , Mengtong Wang , Duowei Shen , Changqing Fu , Jun Ma

Waterborne epoxy coatings are extensively utilized. However, traditional bisphenol A-based formulations are prone to chalking and cracking in low-temperature, high-humidity conditions, which undermines their protective qualities. To address the limitations, this study first synthesized a series of cyclic long-chain dicarboxylic acid compounds (CAs), which were used to replace bisphenol A (BPA), to develop two groups of waterborne epoxy resins. The CE waterborne epoxy resins (CEs) were prepared by completely replacing BPA with CAs in reactions with liquid epoxy resin. The CEB waterborne epoxy resins (CEBs) were synthesized through blending CA-4 with BPA at controlled ratios, followed by reaction with liquid epoxy resin. The research examined how the chain length in each CA influenced the properties of the resins, films and coatings. The findings revealed that all CAs effectively made the coatings ductile. Among the tested samples, the CE-4 film showed an elongation at break of 193 %, and its epoxy primer demonstrated excellent flexibility, passing a 1 mm cylindrical mandrel test without cracking. Furthermore, the epoxy varnishes formed transparent, continuous films at 5 °C. CA-4 significantly balanced the mechanical properties and durability of the CEB coatings, e.g. tensile strength 23.3 MPa and elongation at break 156 % for the CEB-80 film. At molar ratios of 2:3 and 3:2 of CA-4 to bisphenol A, the coatings not only showcased superior film-forming at 5 °C but also rivaled the salt spray resistance of commercial bisphenol A-based waterborne epoxy coatings.

水性环氧涂料应用广泛。然而，传统的双酚基配方在低温、高湿条件下容易发生粉化和开裂，从而破坏了它们的防护性能。为了解决这一局限性，本研究首先合成了一系列环长链二羧酸化合物（CAs），用于取代双酚a (BPA)，制备了两组水性环氧树脂。通过与液态环氧树脂反应，用CAs完全取代BPA，制备了CE水性环氧树脂。将CA-4与双酚a按一定比例共混，然后与液态环氧树脂反应，合成CEB水性环氧树脂。研究考察了每个CA的链长如何影响树脂、薄膜和涂层的性能。结果表明，所有的CAs都有效地使涂层具有延展性。在测试样品中，CE-4薄膜的断裂伸长率为193%，其环氧底漆具有优异的柔韧性，通过了1 mm圆柱芯棒测试而没有开裂。此外，环氧清漆在5°C下形成透明、连续的薄膜。CA-4显著平衡了CEB涂层的力学性能和耐久性，例如CEB-80涂层的抗拉强度为23.3 MPa，断裂伸长率为156%。当CA-4与双酚A的摩尔比为2:3和3:2时，涂料不仅在5°C下表现出优异的成膜性，而且与商业双酚基水性环氧涂料的耐盐雾性相媲美。

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引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional printing of continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polylactic acid 连续碳纤维增强聚乳酸的三维打印

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100099

Enyang Lu , Anyuan Jiao , Wanshun Zhang , Zhen Zhang

This study investigates how key process parameters in material extrusion (MEX, ISO/ASTM 52900) affect the flexural behaviour and interfacial performance of continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites (CFRTPCs). Continuous carbon fibre (CCF) pre-impregnated with vinyl ester resin were coextruded with molten PLA to strengthen fibre–matrix adhesion. Three-point bending tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to assess the effects of printing temperature, layer thickness, and hatch spacing. Reducing the layer thickness and optimising the hatch spacing improved fibre distribution and interlayer bonding, while printing temperature strongly influenced matrix flow and fibre impregnation; 230 °C provided the most favourable balance. Under the optimised conditions (230 °C, 0.3 mm layer thickness, 0.8 mm hatch spacing), the composites achieved 3.4-fold higher flexural strength and 8.1-fold higher modulus relative to neat PLA. SEM revealed cohesive fracture with minimal fibre pull-out, confirming robust interfacial bonding. Within the framework of the MEX welding model, the chosen parameter set expanded the weld-capable window (time above the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and early high-temperature exposure), thereby enhancing interlayer welding and fibre wetting. These findings highlight the importance of process optimisation and indicate that a hybrid thermoplastic–thermoset interphase improves the structural performance of continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites.

本研究探讨了材料挤压中的关键工艺参数（MEX, ISO/ASTM 52900）如何影响连续碳纤维增强聚乳酸（PLA）复合材料（CFRTPCs）的弯曲行为和界面性能。用乙烯基酯树脂预浸渍连续碳纤维与熔融PLA共挤，以增强纤维基质的附着力。采用三点弯曲试验和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来评估打印温度、层厚度和舱口间距的影响。减小层厚和优化舱口间距可以改善纤维分布和层间结合，而打印温度对基质流动和纤维浸渍有较大影响；230°C提供了最有利的平衡。在优化条件下（230°C， 0.3 mm层厚，0.8 mm舱口间距），复合材料的抗折强度比纯PLA高3.4倍，模量比纯PLA高8.1倍。扫描电镜显示，纤维拉出最小的内聚断裂，证实了坚固的界面结合。在MEX焊接模型的框架内，所选择的参数集扩大了可焊接窗口（高于玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的时间和早期高温暴露），从而增强了层间焊接和纤维润湿。这些发现强调了工艺优化的重要性，并表明混合热塑性-热固性界面改善了连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料的结构性能。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative analysis of the correlation between dual-deposition parameters and porosity in wire arc additive manufactured Ti-22V-4Al alloys 电弧添加剂制备Ti-22V-4Al合金双沉积参数与孔隙率相关性的定量分析

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100090

Yancen Lu, Yuan Wang, Chi-Ho Ng, Michael Bermingham, Matthew Dargusch

The highly interdependent nature of deposition parameters in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) complicates process optimisation for effective defect mitigation, particularly in controlling porosity formation. This study quantitatively investigates the influence of concurrently varied wire feed speed (WFS) and travel speed (TS) on porosity characteristics in Ti-22V-4Al titanium alloys fabricated by WAAM, with a focus on understanding the interplay of deposition parameters. Quantitative examination of porosity volume, morphology, sphericity, and spatial distribution was conducted leveraging machine learning (ML)-based segmentation, as Mask R-CNN provided more accurate and reliable results than traditional Fiji thresholding, particularly for connected and irregular pores. Synchrotron micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was employed for its high resolution and efficient processing capabilities. A critical TS threshold of 105.14 mm/min was identified from the developed empirical model, where the relationship between WFS and porosity shifts, whilst the correlation between TS and porosity is influenced by both TS and WFS, highlighting the non-monotonic effect of the dual deposition parameters on porosity. This threshold provides a process-specific reference point for optimising parameter selection in industrial WAAM applications aimed at porosity mitigation. The study also found that porosity exhibits a periodic layer-by-layer distribution pattern, with irregular pores predominantly concentrated at the component's centre, while small gas pores dominate the porosity across all examined samples. The superiority of ML models over traditional methods in porosity analysis was demonstrated in terms of accuracy and consistency. This work provides guidance on the synergistic optimisation of deposition parameters in titanium alloys fabricated via WAAM for porosity mitigation.

在电弧增材制造（WAAM）中，沉积参数的高度相互依赖使得有效减少缺陷的工艺优化变得复杂，特别是在控制孔隙形成方面。本研究定量研究了同时改变送丝速度（WFS）和行程速度（TS）对WAAM制备Ti-22V-4Al钛合金孔隙率特征的影响，重点了解了沉积参数的相互作用。利用基于机器学习（ML）的分割，对孔隙体积、形态、球形度和空间分布进行了定量检测，因为Mask R-CNN比传统的斐济阈值法提供了更准确、更可靠的结果，特别是对于连通和不规则的孔隙。同步加速器微计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）具有高分辨率和高效的处理能力。根据建立的经验模型，确定了一个临界TS阈值为105.14 mm/min，其中WFS与孔隙度之间的关系发生偏移，而TS与孔隙度之间的相关性同时受到TS和WFS的影响，突出了双重沉积参数对孔隙度的非单调效应。该阈值为优化工业WAAM应用中的参数选择提供了一个特定于工艺的参考点，旨在降低孔隙率。研究还发现，孔隙度呈现周期性的逐层分布模式，不规则孔隙主要集中在组件的中心，而小的气体孔隙主导着所有检测样品的孔隙度。在准确性和一致性方面证明了ML模型优于传统孔隙度分析方法。这项工作为通过WAAM制造的钛合金的沉积参数的协同优化提供了指导，以减少孔隙率。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication and performance assessment of CoCrNi-based medium entropy alloy with silver-coated graphene 镀银石墨烯cocrni基中熵合金的制备及性能评价

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100080

Qing Zhou , Yangyang Ma , Mingda Xie , Zhibin Ye , Zhichao Jiao , Ming Yang , Wenting Ye , Cunhong Yin , Haishan Teng , Xiaojiang Lu , Haifeng Wang

Graphene and its derivatives are widely used to improve the friction performance of metal composite materials. Unfortunately, challenges like uniform graphene dispersion and severe interfacial reactions hinder the development of graphene-reinforced medium entropy composite (MEC). In this work, silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a reinforcement for CoCrNi MEA was prepared through a one-step chemical reduction method, achieving uniform graphene dispersion and alleviating the severe interfacial reaction. During spark plasma sintering (SPS), minimal graphene decomposition occurred, forming hard Cr₂₃C₆ carbides. The friction testing showed that thermal and mechanical stresses facilitated the formation of a self-lubricating layer enriched with rGO and silver on the worn surface, leading to a synergistic effect among various solid lubricants and significantly improving the tribological performance. Under a load of 5 N, the average friction coefficient (COF) of the Ag@rGO/CoCrNi composite was 0.41, a 36.9 % reduction compared to the CoCrNi matrix, while the wear rate decreased by 6.5 %. At 15 N, the COF further reduced to 0.37, a 25.1 % decrease. Microscopic investigation elucidated sub-surface nano twins and FCC-HCP phase transition under high-stress conditions. This work provides a new strategy for graphene dispersion and an approach for fabricating high-performance metal-modified rGO/CoCrNi MECs.

石墨烯及其衍生物被广泛用于改善金属复合材料的摩擦性能。不幸的是，石墨烯均匀分散和严重的界面反应等挑战阻碍了石墨烯增强介质熵复合材料（MEC）的发展。本研究通过一步化学还原法制备了镀银还原性氧化石墨烯（rGO）作为CoCrNi MEA的增强材料，实现了石墨烯均匀分散，减轻了严重的界面反应。在放电等离子烧结（SPS）过程中，石墨烯的分解很少，形成坚硬的Cr23C6碳化物。摩擦测试表明，热应力和机械应力促进磨损表面形成富含氧化石墨烯和银的自润滑层，使各种固体润滑剂之间产生协同效应，显著提高摩擦性能。在5 N载荷下，Ag@rGO/CoCrNi复合材料的平均摩擦系数（COF）为0.41，比CoCrNi基体降低了36.9%，磨损率降低了6.5%。在15 N时，COF进一步减小到0.37，减小了25.1%。微观研究揭示了高应力条件下的亚表面纳米孪晶和FCC-HCP相变。这项工作为石墨烯分散提供了一种新的策略，并为制造高性能金属改性rGO/CoCrNi mec提供了一种方法。

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引用次数: 0

Rare earth orthoferrites (RFeO3, R= rare earth elements): A comprehensive review of structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties 稀土正铁氧体（RFeO3， R=稀土元素）：结构、介电和磁性能的综合综述

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100082

Prafulla Kumar Pradhan , A.B. Panda , G.K. Mishra , N.K. Mohanty

Rare earth-based orthoferrites perovskite oxides RFeO₃ (R = rare earth ions) have been studied by many researchers across the globe for their potential applications as smart devices due to their interesting properties. The understanding of the different properties of these kinds of materials requires a comprehensive analysis of their structural, dielectric, and magnetic attributes. This review summarizes the structural stability, dielectric, and magnetic properties of rare-earth-based orthoferrites perovskite oxides. It also provides basic knowledge for the synthesis and characterizations of rare-earth-based perovskite oxides by introducing fundamental knowledge to researchers. The study therefore, will help the readers to address the challenges like weak ferromagnetism, complex magnetic interactions, difficulties in precise material synthesis for growing high-quality single crystals, doping strategies for desired applications and temperature-dependent behaviours that limit their room-temperature applications. This tenability unlocks applications across diverse fields, including advanced data storage, sensitive gas sensors, efficient fuel cells, magnetically recoverable catalysts, and innovative magnetic devices, all vital for next-generation smart manufacturing technologies.

稀土基正铁氧体钙钛矿氧化物RFeO3 （R =稀土离子）由于其有趣的性质而被全球许多研究人员用于智能设备的潜在应用。要了解这些材料的不同性质，需要对它们的结构、介电和磁性进行全面的分析。本文综述了稀土基正铁氧体钙钛矿氧化物的结构稳定性、介电性能和磁性能。它还通过向研究人员介绍基础知识，为稀土基钙钛矿氧化物的合成和表征提供了基础知识。因此，这项研究将帮助读者解决诸如弱铁磁性，复杂的磁相互作用，生长高质量单晶的精确材料合成困难，所需应用的掺杂策略以及限制其室温应用的温度依赖行为等挑战。这种可行性开启了不同领域的应用，包括先进的数据存储、敏感的气体传感器、高效的燃料电池、磁可回收催化剂和创新的磁性设备，这些都是下一代智能制造技术的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility of porous iron scaffold fabricated by laser powder bed fusion 激光粉末床融合制备多孔铁支架的力学性能、降解行为及生物相容性

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100089

Dongdong Li , Xuehua Wu , Yinjin Shao , Guihua Wu , Hejin Yang , Fang Deng , Youwen Yang

The design of porous structure can not only improve the degradation rate of iron (Fe) by significantly increasing the specific surface area, but also promote osteogenic differentiation by facilitating nutrient transport and improving cell adhesion. Moreover, biodegradable Fe scaffolds fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) present a transformative opportunity to meet the criteria of ideal bone substitutes. This study demonstrates that the optimization of processing parameters and topological design can synergistically enhance Fe scaffolds' performances. By optimizing critical process parameters, near-full densification was achieved. Three topological architectures, namely body-centered cubic (B), diamond (D), and gyroid (G), were manufactured and evaluated for degradation behavior, biomechanical compatibility, and biocompatibility. After 28 days of degradation, all porous scaffolds demonstrated mechanical properties comparable to trabecular bone, effectively mitigating stress shielding risks while maintaining adequate load-bearing capacity. Notably, the G scaffold, which utilized triply periodic minimal surface geometry, exhibited uniform corrosion, progressive failure, and outstanding biocompatibility, achieving over 95 % cell viability in the 50 % extract solution, thus outperforming the B/D scaffolds.

多孔结构的设计不仅可以通过显著增加比表面积来提高铁（Fe）的降解率，还可以通过促进营养物质运输和改善细胞粘附来促进成骨分化。此外，通过激光粉末床融合（LPBF）制造的可生物降解铁支架为满足理想骨替代品的标准提供了一个变革的机会。本研究表明，工艺参数的优化和拓扑结构的设计可以协同提高铁支架的性能。通过优化关键工艺参数，实现了接近全致密化。制备了三种拓扑结构，即体心立方结构(B)、菱形结构(D)和陀螺结构(G)，并对降解行为、生物力学相容性和生物相容性进行了评估。降解28天后，所有多孔支架均表现出与小梁骨相当的力学性能，有效减轻应力屏蔽风险，同时保持足够的承载能力。值得注意的是，采用三周期最小表面几何形状的G支架具有均匀腐蚀、渐进失效和出色的生物相容性，在50%的提取物溶液中获得95%以上的细胞存活率，从而优于B/D支架。

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引用次数: 0

Laser directed energy deposition of TA15/TiAl bimetallic structure: laser power optimization, microstructure evolution and mechanical performance 激光定向能沉积TA15/TiAl双金属结构：激光功率优化、微观结构演变及力学性能

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100087

Qing Liang , Leyu Cai , Qingge Wang , Yafei Wang , Xiaopeng Liang , Quan Shan , Hong Wu

This study explores the fabrication of crack-free TA15/TiAl bimetallic structures prepared by laser directed energy deposition (LDED) for high-temperature applications. By employing laser power (800−1600 W) for S1–S5 (1600, 1400, 1200, 1000, 800 W, respectively), defect-free interfaces were achieved, with sample S2 (1400 W) exhibiting the lowest porosity (0.19 %) and finest microstructure. The transition zone exhibited a composition gradient of Al/Ti, driven by atomic diffusion and Marangoni convection, resulting in a heterogeneous multi-gradient structure. Notably, the uniform distribution of FCC phase in the transition zone reduced stress concentration from Al₃Ti hard phase, while the absence of cracks and lack-of-fusion defects confirmed robust metallurgical bonding. Room-temperature tensile tests showed that sample S2 fractured near the TiAl side, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of 780 ± 25 MPa and elongation of 1.41 ± 0.11 %, attributed to stress redistribution facilitated by ductile α-Ti and gradient strain accommodation. These findings demonstrated that LDED-fabricated TA15/TiAl bimetallic composites exhibited enhanced interfacial strength and thermal stability, promising for aerospace components in extreme environments.

本研究探索了激光定向能沉积（LDED）制备高温无裂纹TA15/TiAl双金属结构的方法。采用800 ~ 1600 W的激光功率对s1 ~ s5（分别为1600、1400、1200、1000、800 W）进行处理，得到了无缺陷的界面，其中S2 （1400 W）的孔隙率最低（0.19%），微观结构最精细。在原子扩散和Marangoni对流的驱动下，过渡区呈现Al/Ti组成梯度，形成非均质多梯度结构。值得注意的是，过渡区FCC相的均匀分布降低了Al3Ti硬相的应力集中，同时没有裂纹和未熔合缺陷，证实了冶金结合的坚固性。室温拉伸试验表明，试样S2在TiAl侧附近断裂，拉伸强度为780±25 MPa，延伸率为1.41±0.11%，这主要是由于α-Ti的韧性和梯度应变调节促进了应力重分布。这些发现表明，led制造的TA15/TiAl双金属复合材料具有增强的界面强度和热稳定性，有望用于极端环境下的航空航天部件。

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引用次数: 0

From fabrication to function: Mechanical insights into GelMA microneedle arrays 从制造到功能：对GelMA微针阵列的机械见解

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100083

Moloud Amini Baghbadorani , Masoumeh Zargar , Asghar Eskandarinia , Majid Tolouei-Rad

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has emerged as a highly suitable material for microneedle (MN) fabrication, offering exceptional biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness. Despite significant advances introduced by GelMA hydrogels, research on GelMA MNs dates back to 2019, yet no review has specifically focused on the manufacturing techniques and mechanical properties of GelMA MNs. For the first time, this review aims to examine the manufacturing methods and mechanical characteristics of GelMA microneedles across various medical applications. Additionally, it discusses different approaches to mechanical characterization and identifies gaps in current manufacturing technologies. The review also explores the potential implications of GelMA MNs in drug delivery and disease diagnosis. Finally, additive manufacturing and hybrid methods, identified as the most promising techniques for future large-scale production, are proposed for further optimization.

明胶甲基丙烯酰（GelMA）已成为微针（MN）制造的一种非常合适的材料，具有卓越的生物相容性和成本效益。尽管GelMA水凝胶取得了重大进展，但对GelMA MNs的研究可以追溯到2019年，但没有专门针对GelMA MNs的制造技术和机械性能的综述。本文首次综述了GelMA微针在各种医疗应用中的制造方法和机械特性。此外，它还讨论了机械表征的不同方法，并确定了当前制造技术中的差距。该综述还探讨了GelMA MNs在药物传递和疾病诊断中的潜在意义。最后，提出了未来大规模生产最有前途的增材制造和混合方法，并对其进行了进一步优化。

引用次数: 0

Fatigue properties of 3D-printed polymeric metamaterials: A review 3d打印聚合物超材料的疲劳性能研究进展

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100076

Ani Daniel , Hamed Bakhtiari , Alireza Nouri , Barun K. Das , Muhammad Aamir , Majid Tolouei-Rad

The present article provides an in-depth review of the fatigue properties of polymeric metamaterials, with particular emphasis on those manufactured using 3D printing techniques. Despite the significant potential of 3D-printed metamaterial polymers in the biomedical field, there has been limited studies dedicated to their fatigue behaviour. The article highlights the significance of fatigue behaviour in determining the reliability and longevity of polymeric materials under cyclic loading, which is crucial for biomedical applications. The effects of different 3D printing parameters, metamaterial designs, and polymer properties on fatigue life are explored. The fatigue response of metamaterials depends on material properties, geometric factors, and 3D printing parameters. Metamaterial geometries with sharp corners and high stress concentration zones have shown to be prone to early fatigue failure. Besides, thermal fatigue can contribute to fatigue damage of metamaterials particularly at high loading frequencies. Optimising designs for smooth geometries and considering thermal conductivity in polymers are crucial for enhancing fatigue resistance and durability in 3D printed metamaterials. The review emphasises the role of advanced computational modelling, combined with experimental studies, in optimising metamaterial design and manufacturing processes of polymers. The goal is to enhance fatigue resistance and expand their applications, particularly in the biomedical field.

本文对聚合物超材料的疲劳性能进行了深入的回顾，特别强调了那些使用3D打印技术制造的材料。尽管3d打印的超材料聚合物在生物医学领域具有巨大的潜力，但对其疲劳行为的研究有限。本文强调了疲劳行为在确定聚合物材料在循环载荷下的可靠性和寿命方面的重要性，这对生物医学应用至关重要。探讨了不同3D打印参数、超材料设计和聚合物性能对疲劳寿命的影响。超材料的疲劳响应取决于材料特性、几何因素和3D打印参数。具有尖角和高应力集中区的超材料几何形状易于发生早期疲劳失效。此外，热疲劳会导致超材料的疲劳损伤，特别是在高加载频率下。优化光滑几何形状的设计，并考虑聚合物的导热性，对于提高3D打印超材料的抗疲劳性和耐久性至关重要。这篇综述强调了先进的计算模型，结合实验研究，在优化超材料设计和聚合物制造过程中的作用。目标是增强抗疲劳性并扩大其应用范围，特别是在生物医学领域。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the structure-property relationships of multilayered Helmholtz resonance-based acoustic metamaterials 揭示多层亥姆霍兹共振声学超材料的结构-性能关系

Smart Materials in Manufacturing

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100073

Jun Wei Chua , David Kar Wei Poh , Shuwei Ding , Haoran Pei , Xinwei Li

The principle of Helmholtz resonance has been widely employed in the design of sound-absorbing metamaterials. However, the relationship between various acoustic parameters and sound absorption performance remains insufficiently understood. This work investigates the effect of various structural parameters of multi-layered Helmholtz resonators (MLHRs) on sound absorption properties from a statistical point of view. The Taguchi method was used in the study with the pore diameter, pore thickness, and cavity depth of a layer of Helmholtz resonator as control variables and the number of layers of resonators as the noise variable. Results revealed a clear hierarchy of importance for maximizing sound absorption: increasing the number of layers, reducing pore diameter, enhancing pore thickness, and expanding cavity depth. Additionally, it is also found that the influence of the number of layers on said relationships was greatest with smaller pore diameters larger pore thicknesses, and cavity depths. All three control variables showed significant effects on the sound absorption properties of MLHRs when the number of layers was more than two, while the cavity width showed limited influence on sound absorption coefficients for a two-layer MLHR. This work provides a foundational understanding of the structural-property relationships in MLHRs, paving the way for optimized designs to achieve optimal sound absorption performance.

亥姆霍兹共振原理已广泛应用于吸声材料的设计中。然而，各种声学参数与吸声性能之间的关系仍然没有得到充分的了解。本文从统计的角度研究了多层亥姆霍兹谐振器的不同结构参数对其吸声性能的影响。研究采用田口法，以一层亥姆霍兹谐振腔的孔径、孔厚和腔深为控制变量，以谐振腔的层数为噪声变量。结果表明，提高吸声效果的重要顺序是：增加层数，减小孔径，增加孔厚，扩大空腔深度。此外，还发现层数对上述关系的影响在孔径较小、孔厚较大和空腔深度时最大。当层数大于2层时，3个控制变量均对MLHR吸声性能有显著影响，而对于双层MLHR，腔宽对吸声系数的影响有限。这项工作提供了对mlhr结构-性能关系的基本理解，为优化设计以实现最佳吸声性能铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0