Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment最新文献

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Biodegradability of pots made from empty fruit clusters of the oil palm (Elaeis guinnensis Jacq.) for agroforestry use in the Ucayali Region, Peru 秘鲁乌卡亚利地区农林业用油棕（Elaeis guinnensis Jacq.）空果串制成的花盆的生物降解性

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2026.100317

Grober Panduro , Arli Nanantai , Edwar Rubina , Glendy Sánchez Sunción , Javier del Aguila Chávez , José Sanchez-Choy , José Iannacone

The oil palm agro-industry is growing, and with it, the generation of waste, primarily empty fruit bunches (EFB), which represent between 16 % and 23 % of the fresh fruit bunch. The practice among companies and farmers is to degrade these bunches outdoors, with very few producing compost. The former option generates environmental problems due to its slow degradation. On the other hand, the use of nursery bags in the agroforestry sector is the most common practice, but improper disposal of these bags also generates microplastic pollution. This research was designed to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions on the biodegradation of pots made from EFB enriched with dolomite and phosphate rock. A burial methodology was used under natural conditions at a depth of 15 cm from the soil, under storage conditions (infrastructure), in open soil (scarce vegetation cover that has not had alterations) and in reforested soil (with vegetation cover), measuring weight loss at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days, with a pre-experimental pre-test/post-test design. By means of the ANOVA test, the post hoc Tukey and cubic curvilinear regression, the greatest degradation occurred in reforested soil with 93.88 %, in open soil with 86.80 % and in storage with 1.06 % at day 90. Pot enrichment, physicochemical and microbiological conditions presented favorable parameters for the soil. In addition, the prediction of total biodegradation in reforested soil was given on day 95 and in open soil on day 98. Biodegradation was rapid in relation to other alternatives studied. In addition, the use of planters is feasible due to their biodegradation, compared to the current use of plastic that persists in the environment, representing a danger to ecosystems and people.

油棕农业产业正在发展，随之而来的是产生的废物，主要是空果串（EFB），占新鲜果串的16% %至23% %。公司和农民的做法是在户外降解这些束，很少有生产堆肥。前一种选择由于其降解缓慢而产生环境问题。另一方面，农林业部门使用苗圃袋是最常见的做法，但这些袋的处置不当也会产生微塑料污染。本研究旨在评价环境条件对富白云岩和磷灰岩EFB罐生物降解的影响。采用掩埋方法，在距离土壤15 cm的自然条件下，在储存条件（基础设施）下，在开阔土壤（未发生变化的稀缺植被覆盖）和再造林土壤（有植被覆盖）中，采用实验前测试/测试后设计，测量15、30、45、60、75和90天的体重损失。通过方差分析、随机回归分析和三次曲线回归分析，在第90天，复林土壤的退化程度最大，为93.88 %，露天土壤为86.80 %，贮藏土壤为1.06 %。盆栽富集、理化和微生物条件均为土壤的有利条件。此外，对复林土壤的总生物降解进行了第95天和第98天的预测。与研究的其他替代品相比，生物降解速度快。此外，与目前在环境中持续使用的对生态系统和人类构成危险的塑料相比，使用种植机是可行的，因为它们可以生物降解。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into structure and bioactive potential of solvent-extracted lignins from enzymatic hydrolysis residues 从酶解残留物中溶剂提取木质素的结构和生物活性潜力的见解

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2026.100316

María E. Eugenio , Luisa García-Fuentevilla , Lucía Chamizo , Raquel Martín-Sampedro , José I. Santos , David Ibarra

To enhance the competitiveness of biorefineries based on sugars production, the interest in the valorization of hydrolysis lignin residue is becoming increasingly essential. Nevertheless, hydrolysis lignin residue (Hyd-Lig) faces limitations in its valorization—for instance, as bioactive agent due to different factors, including poor solubility, carbohydrates contamination, and chemical and structural variability. In this study, alkaline and organosolv (acetone, dioxane or methanol) approaches were evaluated for extraction of lignin from a hydrolysis residue generated during steam explosion and subsequent saccharification of poplar. The extracted lignins were characterized according to purity, chemical, and structural features by analytical standard methods and FTIR, SEC, ¹³C and ¹H–¹³C NMR. Antioxidant (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity, TEAC) and antibacterial (against Staphylococcus aureus) properties were also evaluated. The extracted lignin recovery yield using alkaline conditions (Alk-Lig) was 39.1 %, whereas using acetone (Ace-Lig), dioxane (Dio-Lig), and methanol (Met-Lig) were 24.1 %, 19.1 % and 13.1 %, respectively. Compared to Hyd-Lig, with a total lignin content of 63.9 %, extracted lignins displayed a higher purity (total lignin of 93.9–95.9 %). In addition, extracted lignins displayed a removal of lateral chains (aryl-β ether) and, therefore presented a higher phenolic content (around of 210–238 mg GAE/g lignin) compared to Hyd-Lig sample (42 mg GAE/g lignin). Then, the solubility of extracted lignins was improved, and higher antioxidant (TEAC values between 0.055 and 0.155) and antibacterial activities (Log R values between 0.5 and 1.2), compared to Hyd-Lig sample (TEAC and Log R of 0.022 and 0.02, respectively), were obtained. This work shows the necessity of extracting lignin from hydrolysis residues to enhance its applicability as bioactive agent and enable its potential valorization.

为了提高以糖生产为基础的生物精炼厂的竞争力，对水解木质素残渣的价值增值的兴趣变得越来越重要。然而，水解木质素残渣（hydro - lig）在其价值转化方面面临限制，例如，由于不同的因素，包括溶解度差，碳水化合物污染，化学和结构的可变性。在本研究中，对碱性和有机溶剂（丙酮、二氧六环或甲醇）法从杨树蒸汽爆炸和后续糖化过程中产生的水解残渣中提取木质素进行了评价。通过分析标准方法、FTIR、SEC、13C和1H-13C NMR对提取的木质素进行了纯度、化学和结构表征。抗氧化能力（Trolox当量抗氧化能力，TEAC）和抗菌（对金黄色葡萄球菌）性能也进行了评估。碱法（Alk-Lig）提取木质素的回收率为39.1 %，丙酮法（Ace-Lig）、二氧六环法（Dio-Lig）和甲醇法（Met-Lig）分别为24.1 %、19.1 %和13.1 %。与总木质素含量为63.9 %的hydro - lig相比，提取的木质素纯度更高（总木质素含量为93.9 ~ 95.9% %）。此外，提取的木质素显示了侧链（芳香基-β醚）的去除，因此与hydro - lig样品（42 mg GAE/g木质素）相比，具有更高的酚含量（约210-238 mg GAE/g木质素）。提取的木质素溶解度提高，抗氧化活性（TEAC值在0.055 ~ 0.155之间）和抗菌活性（Log R值在0.5 ~ 1.2之间）均高于Hyd-Lig样品（TEAC和Log R分别为0.022和0.02）。这项工作表明，从水解残留物中提取木质素以提高其作为生物活性剂的适用性并使其具有潜在的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Biogas and biomethane production via anaerobic digestion: Experimental analysis and modeling using hybrid ANN-GA optimization 通过厌氧消化生产沼气和生物甲烷：使用混合神经网络-遗传算法优化的实验分析和建模

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2026.100315

Firas K. Al-Zuhairi , Zaidoon M. Shakor , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Adnan A. AbdulRazak , Ali Al-Shathr , Emad N. Al-Shafei

The increasing demand for renewable energy and effective waste management has intensified interest in anaerobic co-digestion (AD) as a sustainable method for converting organic residues into biogas and biomethane. However, optimizing the AD process is challenging due to the complex interplay of operational parameters and microbial activity. This study investigates the co-digestion of potato peel waste (PPW) and chicken manure (CM), two abundant agro-industrial wastes, through batch-scale experiments under varying pH (5.0–8.5), temperature (40–65 °C), total solids (10–45 %), and PPW/CM mixing ratios over a 20-day period. The highest biogas and biomethane yields (14,256 mL and 143.71 mL/gVS, respectively) were obtained at pH 7.0, 55 °C, and 25 % TS with a 70:30 PPW/CM ratio. To optimize process performance, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was trained using the experimental data, achieving high predictive accuracy (R² = 0.962 for biogas and 0.974 for biomethane). The model was coupled with a genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) to identify global optimal conditions, predicted as pH 8.29, temperature 52.12 °C, TS 22.6 %, and PPW/CM ratio of 0.555. Experimental validation under these conditions showed minimal prediction errors (1.5 % for biogas, 1.72 % for biomethane), confirming the model reliability. This study highlights the effectiveness of integrating experimental and ANN-GA modeling approaches for optimizing anaerobic co-digestion and enhancing bioenergy recovery from organic waste.

随着对可再生能源和有效废物管理需求的不断增长，厌氧共消化（AD）作为一种将有机残留物转化为沼气和生物甲烷的可持续方法引起了人们的兴趣。然而，由于操作参数和微生物活性的复杂相互作用，优化AD工艺具有挑战性。本研究通过在不同pH值（5.0-8.5）、温度（40-65℃）、总固体含量（10 - 45% %）和混合比（PPW /CM）下的20天的批量试验，研究了马铃薯皮废物（PPW）和鸡粪（CM）这两种丰富的农工废弃物的共消化。在pH 7.0, 55°C, 25 % TS， 70:30 PPW/CM比下，最高的沼气和生物甲烷产量分别为14,256 mL和143.71 mL/gVS。为了优化工艺性能，利用实验数据对人工神经网络（ANN）模型进行了训练，获得了较高的预测精度（对沼气的预测R²= 0.962，对生物甲烷的预测R²= 0.974）。该模型结合遗传算法（ANN-GA）确定全局最优条件，预测pH为8.29，温度为52.12°C， TS为22.6% %，PPW/CM比为0.555。在这些条件下的实验验证表明，预测误差最小（沼气为1.5 %，生物甲烷为1.72 %），证实了模型的可靠性。该研究强调了将实验和ANN-GA建模方法结合起来优化厌氧共消化和提高有机废物的生物能回收的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative GC–MS and FTIR profiling with assessment of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential in guava, bay and lemon leaf extracts 番石榴、月桂和柠檬叶提取物的GC-MS和FTIR对比分析及抗氧化和抗菌潜力评价

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2026.100313

Tahmina Akter Chowdhury , Md. Moksedul Islam , Jaytirmoy Barmon , G. M. Masud Rana , Md. Jasim Uddin , Bijoy Chandra Ghos , Adity Karmakar , Subarna Sandhani Dey , Md. Bazlur Rashid , Bijan Mohon Chaki , Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin

This study comparatively explored the chemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts from guava (Psidium guajava), bay (Cinnamomum tamala), and lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) using advanced analytical techniques. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identified the main bioactive substances, including Copaene (13.005 %), Caryophyllene (13.033 %), and 9-Octadecenamide (12.230 %) in guava leaf; phenol,2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-acetate (37.109 %), Benzenemethanol, α-methyl-α-pro- (17.315 %), and 9-Octadecenamide (13.259 %) in bay leaf; and Benzenemethanol, α-methyl-α-pro- (35.369 %), Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- (30.733 %), Di-n-octyl phthalate (7.755 %) and 9-Octadecenamide (4.710 %) in lemon leaf. Functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and phenolic compounds were confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride techniques were used to assess total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) respectively. Among the extracts, bay leaf exhibited the highest TPC (192.07 ± 0.79 mg GAE/g), while lemon leaf had the highest TFC (1418.08 ± 2.10 mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity assessed by the DPPH assay demonstrated superior efficacy of bay leaf extract (IC₅₀ = 7.59 ± 0.25 µg/mL) compared to the synthetic standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC₅₀ = 10.63 ± 0.05 µg/mL) where t-test result, p = 0.004 (p < 0.05) indicates statistically significant differences between these two IC₅₀ values. Antimicrobial assays (disc diffusion method) further highlighted the strong inhibitory effects of bay leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Overall, bay leaf extract exhibited remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, suggesting its potential application as a natural preservative in food, oil and beverages as an alternative to synthetic preservatives.

采用先进的分析技术，对番石榴（Psidium guajava）、月桂（Cinnamomum tamala）和柠檬（Citrus aurantifolia）的甲醇叶提取物的化学成分、抗氧化活性和抗菌活性进行了比较研究。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）鉴定出番石榴叶中的主要生物活性物质为Copaene（13.005 %）、石竹烯（13.033 %）和9-Octadecenamide(12.230 %)；月桂叶中苯酚、2-甲氧基-4-（2-丙烯基）-乙酸酯（37.109 %）、苯乙醇、α-甲基-α-亲-（17.315 %）和9-十八胺（13.259 %）；柠檬叶中的苯乙醇α-甲基-α-前-（35.369 %）、苯酚3,5-二（1,1-二甲基乙基）-（30.733 %）、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（7.755 %）和9-十八胺（4.710 %）。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR-ATR）确定了羟基、羰基和酚类化合物等官能团。采用Folin-Ciocalteu技术和氯化铝技术分别测定其总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）。其中月桂叶TPC最高（192.07 ± 0.79 mg QE/g），柠檬叶TFC最高（1418.08 ± 2.10 mg QE/g）。抗氧化活性DPPH实验展示了卓越的疗效评估的月桂叶提取物(IC50 = 7.59 ±0.25  µg / mL)相比,丁羟甲苯的合成标准(二叔丁基对甲酚)(IC50 = 10.63 ±0.05  µg / mL), t检验结果p = 0.004 (p & lt; 0.05)表明这两个IC50值统计上显著的差异。抑菌试验（圆盘扩散法）进一步证实了月桂叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌有较强的抑制作用。总体而言，月桂叶提取物具有显著的抗氧化和抗菌性能，表明其作为一种天然防腐剂在食品、油和饮料中具有替代合成防腐剂的潜在应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Fungal Foam: Effect of Different Substrates on the Growth Performance, Mechanical, Physical and Biodegradability Properties 真菌泡沫：不同基质对生长性能、机械、物理和生物降解性能的影响

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2026.100314

Nur Mawaddah Majib , Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacob , Sam Sung Ting , Nor Munirah Rohaizad

In the last few years, mushrooms have been widely applied in material science for the purpose of creating new materials that have functionality based on biological resources. Biomass can be defined as the biological materials which can be used as fuel and the use of bio-mass especially the agricultural residues is a sustainable and intelligent method because these wastes are readily available. This research focuses on the growth of grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) on agricultural wastes including sugarcane bagasse and rice husk with a view of producing fungal foams. These foams were characterised by SEM, FTIR, mechanical properties by texture analyzer and biodegradation by the soil burial method. The study showed that the low-cost substrate such as sugarcane bagasse was the best among all the used substrates in terms of growth of the mushroom at 0. This rate was estimated to be 0.3663 cm/day by using linear regression analysis. SEM images showed that sugarcane bagasse foam has a long and extensive hyphal network, which is related with the excellent mechanical characteristic. The biodegradability tests involved the comparison of the rate at which the fungal foams decomposed in the compost soil, and it was shown that both types of fungal foams decomposed effectively in the compost soil and as such could be potential environmentally friendly foams.

在过去的几年里，蘑菇被广泛应用于材料科学，目的是创造基于生物资源的具有功能的新材料。生物质可以定义为可以用作燃料的生物材料，而生物质量特别是农业废弃物的利用是一种可持续和智能的方法，因为这些废物很容易获得。本研究主要研究了灰平菇（Pleurotus sajora -caju）在甘蔗甘蔗渣和稻壳等农业废弃物上的生长，以期产生真菌泡沫。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR）、质构仪（texture analyzer）和土埋法（soil burial method）对泡沫进行了表征。研究表明，在0。0的条件下，低成本的底物如甘蔗渣对蘑菇的生长效果最好。通过线性回归分析，估计该速率为0.3663 cm/day。SEM图像显示，蔗渣泡沫具有长而广泛的菌丝网络，这与其优异的力学特性有关。生物降解性测试包括真菌泡沫在堆肥土壤中分解的速度的比较，结果表明，两种类型的真菌泡沫在堆肥土壤中有效分解，因此可能是潜在的环境友好型泡沫。

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Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

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