Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment最新文献_第4页

Synthesis and characterization of a novel EDTA-based adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous medium 新型edta吸附水中Cu（II）离子的合成与表征

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100303

Md. Anowar Hossen

The study aims to explore the possibility of synthesizing EDTA-based adsorbents by an alternative method and the heavy metal adsorption characteristics of these products in the synthesized aqueous solutions of Cu(II) ions. For this purpose, an alternative anhydride (C₂₄H₂₄N₂O₁₀) of EDTA dianhydride was prepared directly from the reaction of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na₂-H₂EDTA) and benzoyl chloride (C₆H₅-COCl), which was then reacted with methanol to synthesize methyl diester of EDTA (C₁₂H₂₀N₂O₈). The synthesized methyl diester of EDTA was characterized by using the elemental analysis, XRD, SEM, TEM, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, DEPT-135 NMR, FTIR, UV–visible spectroscopy, and EDX analyses. Batch techniques were used to investigate the adsorption of Cu(II) by the synthesized adsorbent. To optimize the adsorption process, the effects of various factors, such as pH, contact time, and the concentration of Cu(II) solutions were studied. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 212.8 mg g⁻¹ at the optimized pH value of 6 and contact time 30 min. The equilibrium experimental data were found to be the best fit to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm models. The negative values of free energy and enthalpy changes, and the positive value of entropy change suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and irreversible. Overall, the synthesized product could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from wastewater due to its simple synthesis process and considerable adsorption properties.

本研究旨在探索另一种方法合成edta基吸附剂的可能性，以及这些产物在合成的Cu（II）离子水溶液中对重金属的吸附特性。为此，由乙二胺四乙酸二钠（Na2-H2EDTA）与苯甲酰氯（C6H5-COCl）直接反应制备EDTA二酐的替代酸酐（C24H24N2O10），再与甲醇反应合成EDTA二酐甲酯（C12H20N2O8）。采用元素分析、XRD、SEM、TEM、1H NMR、13C NMR、DEPT-135 NMR、FTIR、uv -可见光谱和EDX等手段对合成的EDTA二甲酯进行了表征。采用间歇法研究了合成的吸附剂对Cu（II）的吸附性能。为了优化吸附过程，研究了pH、接触时间、Cu（II）溶液浓度等因素对吸附过程的影响。根据Langmuir模型，在最佳pH值为6、接触时间为30 min时，最大吸附量为212.8 mg g−1。平衡实验数据与拟二阶动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型最吻合。自由能和焓变为负值，熵变为正值，表明吸附过程是自发的、放热的、不可逆的。综上所述，合成产物合成工艺简单，吸附性能好，有望成为去除废水中Cu（II）的吸附剂。

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引用次数: 0

Vanillin from lignin-chemicals platform: An overview on current chemo- and biocatalytic processes 木质素化学平台上的香兰素：当前化学和生物催化过程的综述

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100297

Mario De Simone, Lígia O. Martins

Lignin is a major aromatic biopolymer in plant cell walls and represents a promising renewable carbon source. Upon depolymerization, lignin can yield a variety of aromatic compounds, forming a versatile chemical platform for producing high-value chemicals, among them vanillin, a widely used flavouring agent across multiple industries. However, due to its structural complexity and inherent recalcitrance, efficient lignin depolymerization and conversion remain significant challenges. This review outlines both chemical and enzymatic lignin depolymerization strategies, focusing on recent advances in valorisation into vanillin. Enzymatic approaches are highlighted for their sustainability and potential to achieve high yields. Moreover, techniques such as protein engineering, whole-cell bioconversions, and enzyme immobilization are discussed to overcome current limitations in enzymatic processes. The review concludes with perspectives on future developments in enzyme design, process optimization, and integrated lignin biorefinery strategies, emphasizing the central role of protein engineering in driving the circular bioeconomy forward.

木质素是植物细胞壁中主要的芳香族生物聚合物，是一种很有前途的可再生碳源。木质素解聚后可以生成多种芳香族化合物，形成一个多功能的化学平台，用于生产高价值化学品，其中香兰素是一种广泛应用于多个行业的调味剂。然而，由于其结构的复杂性和固有的顽固性，有效的木质素解聚和转化仍然是一个重大的挑战。这篇综述概述了化学和酶解木质素的策略，重点介绍了最近的进展，为香兰素。酶促方法因其可持续性和实现高产量的潜力而受到重视。此外，技术如蛋白质工程，全细胞生物转化和酶固定化进行了讨论，以克服目前的限制在酶的过程。文章最后展望了木质素在酶设计、工艺优化和木质素综合生物炼制方面的未来发展，强调了蛋白质工程在推动循环生物经济发展中的核心作用。

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引用次数: 0

Single and binary adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid on chitosan-carbon nanotubes hydrogel beads: Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters 壳聚糖-碳纳米管水凝胶珠对全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的单一和二元吸附：吸附动力学、等温线和热力学参数

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100288

Siphesihle Mangena Khumalo, Babatunde Femi Bakare, Sudesh Rathilal

The occurrence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in bodies of water that receive contaminants has presented substantial health hazards for humans and aquatic organisms. Herein, the adsorption of PFOA (1.208E-05 mol/L to 1.208E-04 mol/L) and PFOS (9.997E-06 mol/L to 9.997E-05 mol/L) on chitosan-carbon nanotube (CCNT) hydrogel beads from aqueous solutions was studied. Findings on the adsorption kinetics studies suggest that the nonlinear pseudo-first-order kinetic model fits experimental data well at a contact duration of 48 h and an adsorbent load of 1.5 g/L for both PFOA and PFOS. Single adsorption isotherm data were accurately modeled by the nonlinear Freundlich model, with R² =0.991 for PFOA and R² =0.997 for PFOS, suggesting that the adsorption of PFOA and PFOS on the adsorbent was not restricted to the monolayer adsorption process. Binary adsorption isotherm data were well fitted by the extended-Langmuir isotherm model (R²=0.996 for PFOA and R²=0.995 for PFOS) and extended-Sips isotherm model (R²=0.996 for PFOA and R²=0.997 for PFOS). As such, it was inferred that the uptake of one adsorbate in the presence of the other resulted in antagonistic effects, which reduced the overall efficacy of the adsorbent. Thermodynamic studies explicitly indicated that the adsorption of PFOA and PFOS on CCNT was an endothermic process that can be characterized as a physicochemical adsorption process. The presence of sodium chloride as a competing ion synergized the uptake of adsorbates from an aqueous solution. It was concluded that hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic attraction were the predominant mechanisms in the sorption of PFOA and PFOS on CCNT hydrogel beads.

在接受污染物的水体中出现全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）对人类和水生生物的健康构成了重大危害。研究了壳聚糖-碳纳米管（CCNT）水凝胶珠对水溶液中PFOA （1.208E-05 ~ 1.208E-04 mol/L）和PFOS （9.997E-06 ~ 9.997E-05 mol/L）的吸附性能。吸附动力学研究结果表明，在接触时间为48 h、吸附剂负荷为1.5 g/L时，PFOA和PFOS的非线性拟一阶动力学模型与实验数据吻合良好。单次吸附等温线数据采用非线性Freundlich模型精确建模，PFOA的R2 =0.991， PFOS的R2 =0.997，表明吸附剂对PFOA和PFOS的吸附并不局限于单层吸附过程。采用扩展langmuir等温线模型（PFOA R2=0.996, PFOS R2=0.995）和扩展sips等温线模型（PFOA R2=0.996, PFOS R2=0.997）对二元吸附等温线数据进行了较好的拟合。因此，可以推断，在另一种吸附剂存在的情况下，一种吸附剂的吸收会产生拮抗作用，从而降低了吸附剂的总体功效。热力学研究明确表明，全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸在CCNT上的吸附是一个吸热过程，可表征为物理化学吸附过程。氯化钠作为竞争离子的存在协同了水溶液中吸附剂的吸收。结果表明，疏水相互作用和静电吸引是CCNT水凝胶珠吸附PFOA和PFOS的主要机理。

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引用次数: 0

Co-pyrolyzed and valorized municipal solid wastes and coconut husks into biochar adsorbing methylene blue in aqueous solution 将城市固体废物和椰子壳共热解和活化成生物炭，在水溶液中吸附亚甲基蓝

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100284

Divine Angela G. Sumalinog , Dennis C. Ong , Jose Antonio I. Pimentel , Ralf Ruffel M. Abarca , Carl Francis Z. Lacson , Nurak Grisdanurak , Sergio C. Capareda , Mark Daniel G. de Luna

The adsorption potential of biochar derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) and coconut husk (CH) for methylene blue (MB) removal was investigated in this study. Both produced biochars exhibited a pH_PZC of 8.5 with no observed significant compositional changes (consistent with literature values). The integration of CH in the co-pyrolysis process altered the surface morphology of MSW-BC. Moreover, the post-adsorption images indicated MB deposition on the biochar surfaces. The MCH-BC had 559 m² g⁻¹ specific surface area and about 29 mg g⁻¹ adsorption capacity, and practically indicated superior adsorbent quality than MSW-BC (with corresponding lower values). Furthermore, the adsorption behaviors suggested that the phenomena were (1) potentially influenced by chemisorption from kinetic studies, (2) best fitted the Freundlich isotherm model, denoting a heterogeneous adsorption mechanism, and (3) endothermic and spontaneous from the thermodynamic analysis. The proposed adsorption mechanism was feasibly dominated by physisorption, as indicated by low ΔG° values (−1.234 kJ mol⁻¹ to −4.531 kJ mol⁻¹) and functional groups, likely facilitating hydrogen bonding, which perhaps followed by initially identified chemisorption from kinetic studies. Finally, the study highlighted the potential of co-pyrolyzed MSW and CH biochar as a competitive low-energy synthesis, producing an adsorbent for MB removal.

研究了从城市生活垃圾（MSW）和椰子壳（CH）中提取的生物炭对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附潜力。两种生物炭的pHPZC均为8.5，没有观察到显著的成分变化（与文献值一致）。CH在共热解过程中的整合改变了MSW-BC的表面形貌。此外，吸附后图像显示MB沉积在生物炭表面。MCH-BC的比表面积为559 m²g−1，吸附量为29 mg g−1，吸附质量优于MSW-BC（吸附量较低）。此外，吸附行为表明：(1)动力学研究可能受到化学吸附的影响，(2)最适合Freundlich等温线模型，表明非均相吸附机制，(3)热力学分析表明吸热自发。所提出的吸附机制可能以物理吸附为主，如ΔG°值低（- 1.234 kJ mol⁻¹至- 4.531 kJ mol⁻¹）和官能团所表明的那样，可能促进氢键，这可能是最初从动力学研究中确定的化学吸附。最后，该研究强调了城市生活垃圾和甲烷生物炭共热解作为一种具有竞争力的低能量合成方法的潜力，它可以产生一种去除MB的吸附剂。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity 利用印楝果果肉提取物及其抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌活性合成绿色纳米银

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100282

Bangaru Babu Alampally , Y Subba Rao , Sravanthi Pidamarthi , Sankara Rao Miditana , Pulsingh Dhanavath , Durga Bhavani A.K.

In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract as a natural reducing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by the TEM, AFM, XRD, DLS, FTIR, and UV–visible spectral analysis. Visual confirmation of AgNP synthesis was indicated by the appearance of a reddish-brown color, further supported by a UV–visible SPR band at approximately 453 nm. FTIR analysis supported the formation and stabilization of the nanoparticles, attributed to the phytochemicals present in the flower extract. The AgNPs were characterized by XRD analysis that confirmed the FCC crystalline nature of the AgNPs with an average crystalline size of 20.8 nm. EDX confirmed the presence of elemental silver. HRTEM images showed that the AgNPs are nearly spherical with an average size of 31.5 nm. The high negative potential value of AgNPs (−36.7 mV) was evident from DLS studies. AFM data revealed that the particles were agglomerated and spherical in shape, with less than 40 nm. The AgNPs also exhibited good antioxidant activities against DPPH radical with 66.72 % radical scavenging ability. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated notable anticancer activity against burst cancer cell lines (77.28 µg/mL in the MTT assay) and demonstrated good antibacterial activities against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria with a Zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 16 mm. This study demonstrates the synthesis of AgNPs and their promising in biomedical applications, and the benefits of using plant extracts to prepare green nanoparticles.

本研究以印楝果果肉提取物为天然还原剂，合成了银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）。通过TEM、AFM、XRD、DLS、FTIR和紫外可见光谱对合成的AgNPs进行了表征。AgNP合成的视觉确认是由红棕色的外观表明，进一步由紫外可见SPR波段支持，大约453 nm。FTIR分析支持纳米颗粒的形成和稳定，归因于花提取物中存在的植物化学物质。通过XRD对AgNPs进行了表征，证实了AgNPs的FCC结晶性质，平均晶粒尺寸为20.8 nm。EDX证实了元素银的存在。HRTEM图像显示AgNPs接近球形，平均尺寸为31.5 nm。从DLS研究中可以明显看出AgNPs的高负电位值（- 36.7 mV）。原子力显微镜（AFM）数据显示，颗粒呈球状凝聚，粒径小于40 nm。AgNPs对DPPH自由基的清除能力为66.72 %，具有良好的抗氧化活性。生物合成的AgNPs对爆发癌细胞表现出明显的抗肿瘤活性（MTT试验77.28 µg/mL），对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌表现出良好的抑菌活性，抑菌区范围为8 ~ 16 mm。本研究展示了AgNPs的合成及其在生物医学上的应用前景，以及利用植物提取物制备绿色纳米颗粒的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Recent developments and emerging methodologies in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass 木质纤维素生物质预处理的最新发展和新方法

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100285

Sana Riaz , Ashwini J. John , Melvin S. Samuel , Selvarajan Ethiraj

Lignocellulosic biomass offers a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production, aligning with circular economy principles and enhancing energy security. Pretreatment methods play a crucial role by improving enzymatic access, hydrolysis, and fermentation efficiency, while reducing inhibitory compounds and enhancing cellulose accessibility. These techniques modify biomass structure, making it more conducive to bioconversion, thus improving the economic viability of bioethanol production. This study focuses on recent advancements in pretreatment methodologies for lignocellulosic biomass, elucidating their role in fiber breakdown, biomass conversion enhancement, and polysaccharide hydrolysis. It also examines strategies to reduce lignin content, decrease cellulose crystallinity, and minimize energy consumption during pretreatment. Additionally, the study evaluates physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment methods based on criteria such as economic feasibility, environmental impact, and efficiency. Future research suggestions emphasize the importance of refining pretreatment methods to reduce their environmental impact even further.

木质纤维素生物质为生物乙醇生产提供了可持续的原料，符合循环经济原则，增强了能源安全。预处理方法在改善酶的通路、水解和发酵效率、减少抑制化合物和提高纤维素的可及性方面起着至关重要的作用。这些技术改变了生物质结构，使其更有利于生物转化，从而提高了生物乙醇生产的经济可行性。本研究重点介绍了木质纤维素生物质预处理方法的最新进展，阐明了它们在纤维分解、生物质转化增强和多糖水解中的作用。它也检查策略，以减少木质素含量，减少纤维素结晶度，并尽量减少能源消耗在预处理过程中。此外，该研究还根据经济可行性、环境影响和效率等标准评估了物理、化学和生物预处理方法。未来的研究建议强调改进预处理方法的重要性，以进一步减少其对环境的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis, structure, and photocatalytic properties of a Cu(II) coordination polymer derived from a flexible tripodal linker 柔性三足连接体衍生的Cu（II）配位聚合物的合成、结构及光催化性能

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100277

Samiksha , Gunjan Rajput , Bhavesh Parmar , Abhishek Dadhania , Vera Isaeva , Ravinder Kumar , Kamal Kumar Bisht

A copper coordination polymer, {[Cu(TIB)₂(H₂O)₂].Cl₂(H₂O)₂}_n (CP1) involving a tripodal N-donor, 1,3,5-tris((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene (TIB) ligand has been synthesized by environmentally friendly methods and structurally characterized. CP1 exists as a 1D coordination polymer in which the Cu(II) ions possess a distorted octahedral coordination environment provided by N atoms from the four TIB ligands constituting the square base and O atoms from two coordinated water molecules occupying the axial coordination sites. The packing and hydrogen bonding interaction of CP1 revealed that the centrosymmetric metal-organic strands are involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the formation of 3D network via O-H···N, O-H···Cl and π···π interactions. CP1 also features a [(H₂O)₂Cl₂] cluster running down the c-axis, i.e., parallel to the metal-organic strands, [Cu(TIB)₂(H₂O)₂]_n. CP1 is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other physico-chemical techniques. Photocatalytic activity of CP1 for the decomposition of aqueous Aniline Blue (AB) in the presence of 1 M hydrogen peroxide under the LED illumination was examined and showed approximately 62 % dye degradation in 135 min.

采用环境友好的方法合成了一种铜配位聚合物{[Cu(TIB)2(H2O)2]. cl2 (H2O)2}n (CP1)，该配位聚合物含有三脚n给体1,3,5-三（（1h -咪唑-1-基）甲基）苯（TIB）配体。CP1是一种一维配位聚合物，其中Cu（II）离子具有畸变的八面体配位环境，由构成方基的四个TIB配体中的N原子和占据轴向配位位的两个配位水分子中的O原子提供配位环境。CP1的填充和氢键相互作用表明，中心对称的金属-有机链通过O-H··N、O-H··Cl和π··π相互作用参与分子间氢键形成三维网络。CP1还具有沿c轴向下运行的[(H2O)2Cl2]簇，即平行于金属有机链[Cu(TIB)2(H2O)2]n。CP1通过单晶x射线衍射和其他物理化学技术进行了表征。在LED照明下，CP1在1 M过氧化氢存在下对苯胺蓝（AB）的光催化活性进行了测试，结果表明，在135 min内，CP1的染料降解率约为62 %。

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引用次数: 0

Dye-laden sludge-derived biochar for wastewater remediation: A review on pyrolytic engineering, adsorptive interactions, and environmental prospects 染料污泥生物炭用于废水修复：热解工程、吸附相互作用和环境前景综述

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100271

Anshuman Gupta , Sandra Ramachandran , Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy , Amrita Nighojkar , Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

The persistent release of synthetic dyes from industrial effluents constitutes a substantial ecological and toxicological hazard owing to their persistent molecular structure and biological recalcitrance. This review presents a focused evaluation of biochar derived from dye-laden sewage sludge (DLSS-B), highlighting its potential as a low-cost, sustainable adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater. DLSS, a byproduct rich in organic matter, inorganic minerals, and residual dyes, is thermochemically converted into biochar through pyrolysis. A critical assessment is conducted on how variations in pyrolysis temperature, thermal ramping rate, and inert gas environment influence the resultant biochar’s specific surface area (reaching up to 405 m²/g), pore architecture, and surface functional chemistry. DLSS-B exhibits high adsorption capacities ranging from 200 to 405 mg/g for dyes such as malachite green and crystal violet, primarily through π–π stacking, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Chemical modifications, including acid/alkali activation and metal doping, further enhance its adsorptive performance. Regeneration studies show that DLSS-B can retain up to 92 % efficiency over five cycles, indicating strong reusability. Beyond dye removal, secondary applications such as soil amendment (non-food use) and energy recovery (∼20 MJ/kg) are discussed. This review emphasizes the integrated role of pyrolysis engineering, surface chemistry, and reuse strategies in developing DLSS-B as a viable material for industrial dye remediation.

工业废水中合成染料的持续释放，由于其持久的分子结构和生物顽固性，构成了重大的生态和毒理学危害。本文重点介绍了从含染料污泥（dls - b）中提取的生物炭，强调了其作为一种低成本、可持续的废水染料去除吸附剂的潜力。DLSS是一种富含有机物、无机矿物质和残留染料的副产品，通过热解热化学转化为生物炭。对热解温度、升温速率和惰性气体环境的变化如何影响所得生物炭的比表面积（达到405 m²/g）、孔结构和表面功能化学进行了关键评估。DLSS-B对孔雀石绿和结晶紫等染料具有200 ~ 405 mg/g的高吸附能力，主要通过π -π堆积、静电相互作用和氢键作用。化学改性，包括酸/碱活化和金属掺杂，进一步提高了其吸附性能。再生研究表明，DLSS-B在5个循环中可以保持高达92% %的效率，表明了很强的可重用性。除染料去除外，还讨论了土壤改良剂（非食品用途）和能量回收（~ 20 MJ/kg）等二次应用。本文综述了热解工程、表面化学和再利用策略在开发dls - b作为工业染料修复材料中的综合作用。

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引用次数: 0

Production and valorization of acetic acid from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis: Influence of operational conditions and membrane separation processes 木质纤维素生物质热解醋酸的生产和增值：操作条件和膜分离工艺的影响

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100268

Adama Ndao, Ghita Bennani, Delon Konan, Amadou Diop, Kokou Adjallé

Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a thermochemical route for transforming forest and agricultural residues into valuable products. Among these, acetic acid is particularly important given its broad industrial applications in vinyl polymers, agrochemicals, and food additives. However, effectively recovering acetic acid from the aqueous fraction (fast pyrolysis) or wood vinegar (slow pyrolysis) of pyrolytic oils remains a challenge. This review summarizes the principal factors affecting acetic acid yield during fast pyrolysis, including feedstock composition (cellulose and hemicellulose), moisture content, temperature, particle size, reactor type, and residence time. Approaches such as mild pretreatments and optimized catalytic conditions can further enhance the release of acetyl groups from hemicellulose, thus raising acetic acid production. Recent advances in separation methods emphasize membrane technologies like nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). These processes provide high selectivity, energy efficiency, and a reduced environmental footprint compared to traditional techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction and vacuum evaporation. Operational parameters—such as transmembrane pressure, pH, and feed composition—influence both membrane flux and retention of acetic acid. Interactions among solutes, membrane materials, and process conditions can either facilitate or hamper selective acetic acid recovery. This review highlights the potential to integrate optimized pyrolysis parameters with robust membrane systems to achieve sustainable acetic acid production. Ongoing research focuses on improving the acid resistance of membrane materials and elucidating mass transport mechanisms for scale-up. Successful implementation of these technologies will help establish a circular bioeconomy by converting lignocellulosic residues into high-value chemicals.

木质纤维素生物质的热解是将森林和农业残留物转化为有价值产品的热化学途径。其中，醋酸尤其重要，因为它在乙烯基聚合物、农用化学品和食品添加剂方面有着广泛的工业应用。然而，如何有效地从热解油的水馏分（快速热解）或木醋（慢热解）中回收乙酸仍然是一个挑战。本文综述了影响快速热解乙酸产率的主要因素，包括原料组成（纤维素和半纤维素）、水分含量、温度、粒度、反应器类型和停留时间。温和的预处理和优化的催化条件等方法可以进一步促进半纤维素中乙酰基的释放，从而提高乙酸的产量。近年来分离方法的发展重点是膜技术，如纳滤（NF）和反渗透（RO）。与液-液萃取和真空蒸发等传统技术相比，这些工艺具有高选择性、高能效和更少的环境足迹。操作参数——如跨膜压力、pH值和饲料组成——都会影响膜通量和醋酸的保留。溶质、膜材料和工艺条件之间的相互作用可以促进或阻碍选择性乙酸回收。这篇综述强调了将优化的热解参数与稳健的膜系统相结合以实现可持续的醋酸生产的潜力。目前的研究主要集中在提高膜材料的耐酸性和阐明大规模的质量传递机制。这些技术的成功实施将有助于通过将木质纤维素残留物转化为高价值化学品来建立循环生物经济。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental risk assessment of sludge spreading in agriculture using toxicological thresholds representative of soil biological communities 利用土壤生物群落毒理学阈值评价农业污泥扩散的环境风险

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100267

Fulvio Onorati , Andrea Tornambé , Micol Bellucci , Andrea Paina , Chiara Maggi

The reuse of sludge for agricultural purposes is one of the strategies used worldwide to reduce landfill disposal whilst restoring the fertility of the soil, in a circular economy approach. This agricultural practice in Italy is regulated by the Italian Legislative Decree (LD) No. 99 of January 27, 1992, which provides chemical limits for some substances and the maximum admissible quantities of sludge that could be spread. In the present work, a synthetic index for estimating the environmental risk associated with sludge spreading is developed and experimentally applied, simulating the spreading of five different sludges. Environmental Risk Index (ERI) was estimated by taking into account the legal limits and the Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs), which were specifically derived to Italian soils in this study, considering toxicological data referred to biotic communities living in Italy. Spreading simulations showed a “possible” hazard with respect to limits under LD No. 99/1992, and a “moderate” hazard level with respect to PNECs, mainly due to Dioxins and Furans, and Ni respectively (within the parameters considered by law). Whereas further studies are needed to estimate PNECs for other substances such as Plant Production Products (PPPs) and pharmaceuticals in order to preserve the structure and the functions of the soil ecosystem, the application of ERI showed a discrepancy between the list of parameters laid down in the regulation and the list of the most important environmental parameters for which soil-specific PNECs were inferred, with respect to the biological communities present in Italy. Given that, the list of substances of interest to be searched for in sludge and soil should be the same, giving priority to those that show the greatest ecotoxicological risks, such as PFAS. The weighted and integrated approach used in this study goes beyond the classic tabular approach of simple legal chemical limits providing with a more realistic framework for an integrated environmental risk assessment.

将污泥重新用于农业用途是世界范围内使用的战略之一，以循环经济的方式减少垃圾填埋场的处置，同时恢复土壤的肥力。意大利的这种农业做法受1992年1月27日第99号意大利法令的管制，该法令规定了某些物质的化学限量和可扩散污泥的最大允许数量。本文提出了一种评价污泥扩散相关环境风险的综合指标，并对五种不同污泥的扩散进行了模拟实验。环境风险指数（ERI）是通过考虑法律限制和预测无影响浓度（PNECs）来估计的，PNECs在本研究中专门针对意大利土壤，考虑了涉及意大利生物群落的毒理学数据。扩散模拟显示，相对于第99/1992号LD规定的限度，PNECs存在“可能”危害，相对于PNECs存在“中等”危害水平，主要是由于二恶英、呋喃和镍（在法律考虑的参数范围内）。为了保护土壤生态系统的结构和功能，还需要进一步的研究来估计其他物质（如植物生产产品（PPPs）和药品）的PNECs， ERI的应用表明，就意大利现有的生物群落而言，法规中规定的参数列表与推断土壤特异性PNECs的最重要环境参数列表之间存在差异。考虑到这一点，在污泥和土壤中搜索的感兴趣物质清单应该是相同的，优先考虑那些显示出最大生态毒理学风险的物质，如PFAS。本研究中使用的加权综合方法超越了简单的法定化学品限量的经典表格方法，为综合环境风险评估提供了更现实的框架。

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