Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment最新文献_第3页

3D-printed chitosan/polylactic acid-based antimicrobial cups for toxic metal adsorption from water 3d打印壳聚糖/聚乳酸抗菌杯，用于从水中吸附有毒金属

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100289

Achintha Wijenayake , Gayan A. Appuhamillage , Dulanjaya Mapage , Kaushani K.G. , Gayan I. Priyadarshana , Rajitha Gunaratne , Sankalya S. Ambagaspitiya , Bandara T.A.R.W.M.M.C.G.

This work presents fabrication of eco-friendly, 3D printable, antimicrobial composites that capture toxic heavy metal ions from contaminated water bodies. Chitosan, a biopolymer having heavy metal chelating sites was incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA), a 3D printable, biodegradable thermoplastic matrix. Using the heat-press method, a series of composites was prepared by altering the wt% of chitosan. Using moderately polluted water, the composites were subjected to Pb^2 + , Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺ adsorption at ambient temperature and neutral pH. The 30 and 60 wt% chitosan (C) loaded composites (30 C/PLA and 60 C/PLA) reduced Pb²⁺ below the environmental protection agency (EPA) recommended action level (AL) before 5 min. The 60 C/PLA reduced Cu²⁺ below EPA-AL within 30 min. All the composites adsorbed the metal ions significantly higher than neat PLA, the control. Reusability studies for Pb²⁺ removal with the 30 C/PLA indicated that ca 96 % of the original Pb²⁺ adsorption efficiency could be achieved even after the fifth regeneration cycle. Moreover, 30 C/PLA and 60 C/PLA indicated inhibition zones for Escherichia coli, a bacterium that could live in water. No inhibition zone was detected with the control. In addition, the 10, 20, and 30 C/PLA were successfully 3D printed into cup-like shapes. Ultimate compressive strength, toughness, and Young’s modulus of the 3D printed 30 C/PLA cups were significantly higher than that of the control. An object with complex geometry was also successfully 3D printed using the 30 C/PLA composite. As per the overall results, this is the first work to report a 3D printable eco-friendly antimicrobial material (30 C/PLA) that reduces toxic Pb²⁺ below EPA-AL before 5 min while retaining ca 96 % of the original Pb²⁺ adsorption efficiency even after the fifth cycle. The approach lays a foundation for future development of cost-effective, eco-friendly water filtration devices with free-standing complex geometries via 3D printing.

这项工作展示了环保、3D打印、抗菌复合材料的制造，这种复合材料可以从受污染的水体中捕获有毒重金属离子。壳聚糖是一种具有重金属螯合位点的生物聚合物，它被掺入聚乳酸（PLA）中，这是一种可3D打印的、可生物降解的热塑性基质。采用热压法，通过改变壳聚糖的wt%，制备了一系列复合材料。在中等污染的水中，复合材料在室温和中性ph下对Pb2 +、Cu2+和Cd2+进行吸附。负载30和60 wt%壳聚糖(C)的复合材料（30 C/PLA和60 C/PLA）在5 min前将Pb2+降低到EPA推荐的作用水平（AL）以下。60 C/PLA在30 min内将Cu2+还原至EPA-AL以下。所有复合材料对金属离子的吸附量均显著高于纯PLA。对30 C/PLA去除Pb2+的可重用性研究表明，即使在第5次再生循环后，Pb2+的吸附效率仍可达到原来的96 %。此外，30 C/PLA和60 C/PLA对可在水中生存的大肠杆菌有抑制作用。对照组未检测到抑菌带。此外，10、20和30 C/PLA成功3D打印成杯状形状。3D打印30个 C/PLA杯的极限抗压强度、韧性和杨氏模量均显著高于对照组。使用30 C/PLA复合材料也成功地3D打印了具有复杂几何形状的对象。根据总体结果，这是第一个报道3D打印环保抗菌材料（30 C/PLA）的工作，该材料在5 min之前将有毒Pb2+降低到EPA-AL以下，同时即使在第五次循环后仍保持原来Pb2+的96% %的吸附效率。该方法为未来通过3D打印开发具有独立复杂几何形状的经济高效，环保的水过滤设备奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of C3-substituted Indoles in water and their anti-bacterial activities 水中c3 -取代吲哚的合成及其抑菌活性

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100291

Thangjam Linda Devi , Mayanglambam Maneeta Devi , Kistu Singh Nongthombam , Thokchom Prasanta Singh , Okram Mukherjee Singh

A series of novel C3-substituted indole derivatives containing a pyridine moiety (5a–i) were successfully synthesized through multi-component reactions. The synthesis involved 3-acetylindole, various aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate, and ammonium acetate, with water as the solvent and NaOH as the catalyst. This method proved advantageous, offering a straightforward experimental procedure, reduced reaction times, and favorable yields, all while maintaining substrate diversity and operational simplicity under metal-free conditions for forming C–C/C–N bonds. The agar-well diffusion method's anti-bacterial activities were carried out for the synthesized compounds. It was found that 5a has shown the highest anti-bacterial activity with the lowest MIC value of 12.50 µg/mL against Escherichia coli.

通过多组分反应，成功合成了一系列新型的含有吡啶部分（5a-i）的c3取代吲哚衍生物。以水为溶剂，氢氧化钠为催化剂，合成了3-乙酰吲哚、各种醛、氰乙酸乙酯和乙酸铵。事实证明，该方法具有优势，实验过程简单，反应时间短，产率高，同时在无金属条件下形成C-C / C-N键时保持底物多样性和操作简单性。用琼脂孔扩散法对合成的化合物进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明，5a对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性最高，MIC值最低，为12.50 µg/mL。

引用次数: 0

Prosopis juliflora pod and gum as green corrosion inhibitor - density functional theory approach 绿色缓蚀剂——密度泛函理论研究

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100300

Mastan Rao Kotupalli , Venkata Kanaka Rao Pulapa

Plant extracts have emerged as promising corrosion inhibitors due to their eco-friendly nature as well as their adsorption ability on metals to form a protective barrier. The corrosion inhibition effect of seven major phytochemicals of Prosopis juliflora pods and gum (PJPG) was studied by density functional theory-based simulations through the hybrid functional B3LYP with the basis set of 6–311 G (d, p). The quantum chemical descriptors like HOMO, LUMO energies, energy gap, dipole moment, softness, hardness, and fraction of electron charge in geometrically optimized structures of the PJPG molecules have been calculated. A correlation between parameters and their inhibition efficiency revealed that quercetin, juliprosine, juliprosopine, and caffeic acid have active centers with a greater tendency to donate electrons to the metal and contribute to corrosion inhibition. Mulliken charges of the contributing atoms suggested a possible bonding with the metal. The values of the fraction of electron charge transfer (ΔN) of 0.304 and 0.369 for quercetin and juliprosopine molecules, respectively, suggested their favorable chelating ability for the metal. Monte Carlo results yielded the lowest adsorption energies of −49.476 kcal/mol for quercetin and −18.040 kcal/mol for prosopidione, indicating favorable adsorption of the inhibitor on the Fe (1 1 0) surface. Further, Fukui indices were used to ascertain the local reactivity of these molecules. The results affirmed that the selected PJPG phytochemicals are possible corrosion inhibitors for the Fe (1 1 0) surface.

植物提取物因其生态友好性和对金属形成保护屏障的吸附能力而成为有前途的缓蚀剂。采用基于密度泛函理论的混合泛函B3LYP模型，以6-311 G （d, p）为基集，研究了朱豆荚胶（Prosopis juliflora pods and gum, ppg） 7种主要植物化学物质的缓蚀效果。计算了几何优化后的ppg分子的HOMO、LUMO能、能隙、偶极矩、软性、硬度和电子荷率等量子化学描述符。槲皮素、朱里普罗素、朱里普罗素和咖啡酸具有活性中心，更倾向于给电子给金属，有助于缓蚀。贡献原子的穆里肯电荷表明可能与金属成键。槲皮素分子的电子电荷转移分数（ΔN）分别为0.304和0.369，表明槲皮素和juliprosopine分子对金属具有良好的螯合能力。蒙特卡罗结果表明，槲皮素和丙硫酮的最低吸附能分别为- 49.476 kcal/mol和- 18.040 kcal/mol，表明该抑制剂在Fe（11）表面具有良好的吸附性能。此外，利用福井指数确定了这些分子的局部反应性。结果证实，所选的ppg植物化学物质可能是Fe（110）表面的缓蚀剂。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized biofuel production from Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust via microwave-assisted pyrolysis and hydrocracking: Process analysis and production revenue forecasting with Aspen Plus 利用微波辅助热解和加氢裂化技术，利用三棱木屑优化生物燃料生产：利用Aspen Plus进行工艺分析和生产收益预测

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100294

Sametah Collins Ghotoneton , Nouadjep Serge Narcisse , Kom Regonne Raïssa , Ze Bilo’o Philemon , Ngassoum Martin Benoit

Biomass has historically been a key fuel source for activities like cooking and heating for millennia, yet modern energy demands and environmental challenges necessitate advanced methods to convert lignocellulosic waste into sustainable fuels. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis and hydrocracking show promise for biofuel production; optimizing these for lesser-studied feedstocks like Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust can improve yield, scalability, and cost-effective biofuel upgrading in biorefineries. After performing a physiochemical analysis of the sawdust, response surface methodology using a centered composite design was applied to examine how various pyrolysis determinants affect bio-oil generation and assist in establishing the best processing settings. The variables studied include microwave power, irradiation time, and the percentage of biochar employed for wave absorption. The findings revealed that Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust possesses valuable properties for bio-oil formulation, featuring a substantial proportion of volatile components (74.2 ± 2 %) with a reduced ash level (2.9 ± 0.5 %). Enhancement results showed that all pyrolysis factors had significant impacts, with a 5 % level of statistical significance. Peak bio-oil output, 34.6 %, was realized under the following experimental settings: microwave power of 650 W, 20 min. of irradiation, and 20 % absorbent intake. The resulting bio-oil had a pH of 4.8 ± 0.4, a water content of 22 ± 2.3 %, and a heating value of 17.5 ± 0.8 MJ/kg. Considering an optimal desirability rate of 0.708, the hydrocracking plan design perspectives forecasted as production metrics: 183.7 kg/h of gasoline and 35.9 kg/h of biodiesel from 1 ton/h of sawdust with a total production cost of 163,848.183 CFA francs. These observations confirm Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust as a viable, cost-effective source for scalable biofuel production.

几千年来，生物质一直是烹饪和取暖等活动的关键燃料来源，但现代能源需求和环境挑战需要先进的方法将木质纤维素废物转化为可持续燃料。微波辅助热解和加氢裂化有望用于生物燃料生产；优化这些较少研究的原料，如三角螺木屑，可以提高生物精炼厂的产量、可扩展性和成本效益生物燃料升级。在对木屑进行物理化学分析后，采用中心复合设计的响应面方法来研究各种热解决定因素如何影响生物油的生成，并协助建立最佳处理设置。研究的变量包括微波功率、辐照时间和用于吸收波的生物炭的百分比。研究结果表明，三栖龙木屑具有重要的生物油配方性能，具有相当大的挥发性成分比例（74.2 ± 2 %）和降低的灰分含量（2.9 ± 0.5 %）。增强结果表明，各热解因素均有显著影响，在5 %的水平上具有统计学意义。在微波功率650 W， 20 min的条件下，生物油产量达到峰值34.6% %。和20% %的吸收摄入量。所得生物油的pH值为4.8 ± 0.4，含水量为22 ± 2.3 %，热值为17.5 ± 0.8 MJ/kg。考虑到最佳期望率为0.708，加氢裂化计划设计预测的生产指标为：183.7 kg/h汽油和35.9 kg/h生物柴油，每吨木屑1吨/h，总生产成本为163,848.183 CFA法郎。这些观察结果证实，对于规模化的生物燃料生产来说，硬壳线虫锯末是一种可行的、具有成本效益的来源。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of the adsorption of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) from aqueous solutions 本文综述了染料黑T （EBT）在水溶液中的吸附研究进展

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100299

Joshua O. Ighalo , Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado , Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe , Juan Ramón López López , Perla Fabiola Méndez Herrera , Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba , Etinosa Osaro , Kanika Dulta , Panagiotis Haskis , Dionysios Koulougliotis , Ioannis Anastopoulos

This study presents a comprehensive review of adsorption-based techniques for the removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye from aqueous solutions. The objective was to consolidate recent findings on adsorption isotherms, kinetics, mechanisms, thermodynamics, and regeneration, to evaluate the efficiency and sustainability of various adsorbents. The review was motivated by the persistence and toxicity of EBT, which threaten aquatic ecosystems and human health, thereby making its removal essential for environmental protection. A systematic analysis of over 50 studies revealed that EBT uptake is predominantly described by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, with mechanisms involving electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions. Thermodynamic data generally indicate spontaneous and exothermic adsorption, while several adsorbents maintain over 80 % capacity after five regeneration cycles. However, challenges remain, including high production costs of advanced adsorbents, reduced efficiency after repeated regeneration, and limited validation under real wastewater conditions. These findings demonstrate adsorption as a cost-effective and scalable method for EBT removal. Future research should focus on the development of low-cost sustainable materials, improving regeneration efficiency, pilot- and industrial-scale applications, comprehensive life cycle and techno-economic analyses, treatment of real wastewater beyond laboratory-prepared solutions, and the integration of regulatory and policy frameworks to enable practical and sustainable implementation.

本文综述了以吸附法为基础的染料脱除技术的研究进展。目的是巩固最近在吸附等温线、动力学、机制、热力学和再生方面的发现，以评估各种吸附剂的效率和可持续性。这项审查的动机是，EBT的持久性和毒性威胁到水生生态系统和人类健康，因此清除EBT对环境保护至关重要。对50多项研究的系统分析表明，EBT的吸收主要由Langmuir等温线和伪二阶动力学描述，其机制涉及静电吸引、氢键和π -π相互作用。热力学数据一般表明自发和放热吸附，而一些吸附剂在五次再生循环后保持超过80 %的容量。然而，挑战仍然存在，包括高级吸附剂的高生产成本，重复再生后的效率降低，以及在实际废水条件下的验证有限。这些研究结果表明，吸附是一种经济有效且可扩展的去除EBT的方法。未来的研究应侧重于低成本可持续材料的开发，提高再生效率，中试和工业规模的应用，全面的生命周期和技术经济分析，实验室制备的解决方案之外的实际废水处理，以及监管和政策框架的整合，以实现实际和可持续的实施。

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引用次数: 0

Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and banana peel: Optimization of bio-oil production and characterization 微波辅助下污泥和香蕉皮共热解：生物油生产的优化和表征

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100296

K. Chithra , N. Balasubramanian , D. Dharani Dharan

Harnessing energy from biomass has led to an integrated approach toward enhancing resource efficiency while simultaneously reducing environmental burden. The present work focuses on microwave (MW) assisted co-pyrolysis of SS with banana peel (BP) for bio-oil production. The process parameters, MW power, residence time (T), sewage sludge (SS), and catalyst dosage were optimized in this work using response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum bio-oil yield of 41.1 ± 0.34 % (w/w) was obtained at an optimum power of 590 W, time of 6.4 min, SS of 60 % (w/w), and catalyst dosage of 37.4 % (w/w). An increase in the yield of bio-oil was observed upon adding activated carbon as a catalyst, and the bio-oil obtained was characterized using GC-MS to identify the volatile compounds in it. The GC-MS chromatogram of the bio-oil obtained at optimal pyrolysis conditions revealed that approximately 42.57 % of the components were C₆-C₁₄ hydrocarbons, representing the gasoline fraction, while the remaining C₁₆-C₁₉ hydrocarbons corresponded to the diesel range. These fractions of the bio-oil resemble conventional fuel oil in terms of the carbon chain. The elemental composition of bio-oil showed the presence of 77.434 % carbon, 11.204 % hydrogen, 3.775 % nitrogen, and 7.587 % oxygen in the bio-oil. Hence upgradation of bio-oil may replace the conventional fuel. The bio-oil’s HHV of 40.82 MJ/kg, determined through elemental analysis, makes it a viable candidate for upgrading and blending with diesel as a fuel alternative.

利用生物质能源导致了一种提高资源效率同时减少环境负担的综合办法。研究了微波辅助下SS与香蕉皮共热解制备生物油的工艺。采用响应面法（RSM）对工艺参数、MW功率、停留时间(T)、污泥量（SS）和催化剂用量进行了优化。在最佳功率为590 w、时间为6.4 min、SS为60 % （w/w）、催化剂用量为37.4 % （w/w）的条件下，生物油得率为41.1 ± 0.34 % （w/w）。添加活性炭作为催化剂后，生物油的收率有所提高，并利用GC-MS对所得生物油进行了表征，对所得生物油的挥发性成分进行了鉴定。在最佳热解条件下获得的生物油的GC-MS色谱图显示，大约42.57 %的组分是C6-C14烃，代表汽油馏分，而剩余的C16-C19烃对应于柴油馏分。这些生物油的馏分在碳链方面类似于传统燃料油。生物油元素组成表明，生物油中碳含量为77.434 %，氢含量为11.204 %，氮含量为3.775 %，氧含量为7.587 %。因此，生物油的升级换代有可能取代传统燃料。通过元素分析确定，生物油的HHV为40.82 MJ/kg，使其成为升级和与柴油混合作为替代燃料的可行候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Reduction of carcinogenic chromium by green synthesized nickel nanoparticles: A sustainable approach for environmental remediation 绿色合成纳米镍减少致癌铬：一种可持续的环境修复方法

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100293

Aiman Shaikh, Viquar Shaikh, Yusufi Mujahid, Khursheed Ahmed, Kailas Doke

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) contamination in water sources poses severe environmental and health risks due to its carcinogenic nature. Recent advances in nanotechnology have reported promising solutions for remediating Cr (VI)-contaminated environments. Compared to bulk zero-valent iron, nano-nickel exhibits superior electrical conductivity and facilitates faster electron transfer during redox reactions, thereby enhancing Cr (VI) reduction efficiency. Unlike zero-valent iron, which oxidizes readily, nano-nickel is more resistant to corrosion, offering greater stability in aqueous environments and extending its functional lifespan. This study investigates the efficacy of green-synthesized nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) for reducing Cr (VI) to the less toxic trivalent chromium (Cr (III)). Ni NPs were synthesized using an eco-friendly approach with Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) seed extracts serving as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized Ni NPs were characterized using FE-SEM, TEM, EDS with elemental mapping, XRD, XPS, and FTIR techniques. Batch experiments were conducted to assess Cr (VI) reduction under varying conditions, including Ni NP dosage, initial Cr (VI) concentration, pH, and contact time. Results showed efficient Cr (VI) reduction, with a significant decrease in Cr (VI) concentration within 20 min. The effect of pH was also studied, revealing an optimal reduction at pH 2. Kinetic analyses further elucidated the reduction mechanism, showing that the reaction follows first-order kinetics with a high linear regression coefficient (R² = 0.9764–0.9923) across tested concentrations. These findings demonstrate that green-synthesized Ni NPs provide an efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective strategy for Cr(VI) remediation, supporting sustainable approaches for environmental protection and public health.

由于六价铬（Cr (VI)）的致癌性，水源中的六价铬污染构成严重的环境和健康风险。纳米技术的最新进展报道了修复Cr （VI）污染环境的有希望的解决方案。与散装零价铁相比，纳米镍表现出优异的导电性，在氧化还原反应中促进更快的电子转移，从而提高了Cr （VI）的还原效率。与容易氧化的零价铁不同，纳米镍更耐腐蚀，在水环境中具有更高的稳定性，并延长了其使用寿命。本研究考察了绿色合成的镍纳米颗粒（Ni NPs）将Cr （VI）还原为毒性较小的三价铬（Cr (III)）的功效。以柞树种子提取物为还原剂和稳定剂，采用生态友好的方法合成了Ni NPs。采用FE-SEM、TEM、EDS、XRD、XPS、FTIR等技术对合成的Ni纳米粒子进行了表征。在不同条件下，包括Ni NP用量、初始Cr （VI）浓度、pH值和接触时间，进行了批量实验来评估Cr （VI）的还原效果。结果表明，Cr （VI）还原效果良好，在20 min内Cr （VI）浓度显著降低。还研究了pH的影响，揭示了pH为2时的最佳还原。动力学分析进一步阐明了还原机理，表明反应符合一级动力学，在不同浓度下均具有较高的线性回归系数（R2 = 0.9764-0.9923）。这些发现表明，绿色合成的Ni NPs为Cr（VI）修复提供了一种高效、环保、经济的策略，为环境保护和公众健康提供了可持续的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Recent perspectives of microplastic analysis from sampling to characterization 从取样到表征的微塑性分析的最新观点

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100290

Foysal Mahmud , Hridoy Roy , Mustafa Md Wasif , Abir Mahmud , Md. Nymuzzaman Saikat , Addrita Haque , Eduardo Alberto Lopez-Maldonado , Abul Basar Baki , Md. Shahinoor Islam

Microplastic (MP) pollution has been an emerging global concern due to its persistent nature and the requirement for sophisticated detection techniques. However, MP research has always been complexified due to the unavailability of structured methodology and the ambiguity of process selection. This review has critically analyzed different aspects of MP abundance in water, sediments, biota and wastewater and MP analyzing techniques. MP analysis results are solely dependent on its processing stages, such as oven drying and sieving, chemical digestion, and alkaline treatment, which are the crucial parts of MP sample preparation and processing. To identify the specified polymer in MP samples, analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra (RS), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyr GC-MS) are widely used. Among the applied techniques, FTIR is the cheapest, whereas µ-RS is the most accurate. MP matrix specifications and concentrations vary for water, sediments, biota, and wastewater sources. The highest concentration of 152,688 ± 92,384 particles/m³ MP was observed for the Sea Surface Microlayer of 1000 µm. The MPs concentration in river water reached 718 ± 244 MPs/m³. River sediments of developing countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia and Taiwan have very high concentrations of MPs, which is a great concern for river biota. Various types of plastics, including PP, PE, PE-PP, PE-PDM, PET, nylon, T-elastomer, CP, wool, and cotton, were identified in reported studies. The study discloses recent perspectives on MP research and appropriate sampling and analysis techniques are crucial for reporting MPs in environmental samples.

微塑料污染由于其持久性和对复杂检测技术的要求，已成为一个新兴的全球关注的问题。然而，由于缺乏结构化的方法和过程选择的模糊性，MP研究一直是复杂的。本文从水体、沉积物、生物群和废水中MP丰度的不同方面以及MP分析技术进行了综述。MP分析结果完全取决于其处理阶段，如烘箱干燥和筛分、化学消解和碱性处理，这些是MP样品制备和处理的关键部分。为了鉴定MP样品中的特定聚合物，傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱（RS）和热解-气相色谱-质谱（Pyr GC-MS）等分析技术被广泛使用。在应用的技术中，FTIR是最便宜的，而µrs是最准确的。MP基质规格和浓度因水、沉积物、生物群和废水来源而异。1000 µm海面微层最高浓度为152,688 ± 92,384粒/m3 MP。河水中MPs浓度达到718 ± 244 MPs/m3。各种类型的塑料，包括PP、PE、PE-PP、PE- pdm、PET、尼龙、t -弹性体、CP、羊毛和棉花，在报告的研究中被确定。该研究揭示了MP研究的最新观点，适当的采样和分析技术对于报告环境样本中的MP至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by sacrificial composite monolith method and enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye 牺牲复合单体法制备ZnO纳米颗粒及增强亚甲基蓝染料的光催化降解

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100295

Rahul Chaudhari , Madhuri Adhale , Abhishek Bhapkar , Mangesh Desai , Shekhar Bhame , Shrikrishna Sartale , Sujata Kasabe , Chetan Bhongale

ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by thermally decomposing composite monolith of Zn and chitosan. XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, and UV-Visible spectroscopy have been used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized material was found to possess the hexagonal wurtzite phase. These ZnO nanoparticles were subjected to photocatalytic investigations through the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation. The influence of various factors, such as initial concentration of dye, catalyst loading, time of contact, and pH on the photodegradation of methylene blue dye were investigated. Photodegradation experiments showed that the highest degradation of about 94.8 % was achieved within 180 min with catalyst loading 0.4 g/L. Photocatalysis experiments follow a pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. The photodegradation mechanism is also discussed in detail.

通过热分解锌和壳聚糖复合单体，成功地合成了氧化锌纳米颗粒。利用XRD， FT-IR, FE-SEM， EDX和uv -可见光谱对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征。合成的材料具有六方纤锌矿相。通过紫外辐射降解亚甲基蓝（MB）染料，对ZnO纳米颗粒进行了光催化研究。考察了染料初始浓度、催化剂负载、接触时间和pH等因素对亚甲基蓝染料光降解的影响。光降解实验表明，当催化剂负载为0.4 g/L时，在180 min内达到最高降解率94.8 %。光催化实验遵循伪一级反应动力学。并对其光降解机理进行了详细讨论。

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles from waste printed circuit boards and its anti-bacterial applications 废弃印刷电路板氧化铜纳米颗粒的合成、表征及其抗菌应用

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100292

Balaji Ravi, J. Karthick, Arun Murugesan

Our ecology is being threatened by electronic garbage. It takes time and effort to handle and recycle electronic trash. Researchers are trying to improve the existing recycling methods for a more effective process which produce fewer by-products. The present study is to develop a simple and practical hydrometallurgical process for producing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) from waste printed circuit board (WPCB). WPCBs are selectively leached using aqueous ammonium salt, ammonia buffer which undergo precipitation at 2 N sodium hydroxide solution at 80 °C for 1 h. The precipitates undergo repeated centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 5 min to remove the impurities. To eliminate residual moisture, they were initially dried in a hot air oven at 100 °C and subsequently calcined in a muffle furnace at 500 °C for 3 h. XRD, HRTEM, FESEM-EDS, and FTIR are used to analyze synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles, which have applications in inhibiting the bacterial growth. The synthesized particles exist as nanospheres with an average diameter of 50 nm and possess a monoclinic crystal structure. The anti-bacterial activities of copper oxide nanoparticles were evaluated by varying their concentrations from 25 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL. The results showed significant inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae with inhibition zone of 25 mm at 100 mg/mL CuO concentration, using the disc diffusion method.

我们的生态正受到电子垃圾的威胁。处理和回收电子垃圾需要时间和精力。研究人员正在努力改进现有的回收方法，使其更有效，产生更少的副产品。本研究旨在开发一种简单实用的湿法冶金工艺，用于从废弃印刷电路板（WPCB）中制备氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NPs）。用水铵盐选择性浸出wpcb，氨缓冲液在2 N氢氧化钠溶液中沉淀，80°C, 1 h。沉淀物在4000 rpm下反复离心5 min以去除杂质。为了消除残留的水分，它们首先在100°C的热风炉中干燥，随后在500°C的马弗炉中煅烧3 h。利用XRD、HRTEM、FESEM-EDS和FTIR对合成的氧化铜纳米颗粒进行了分析，发现其具有抑制细菌生长的作用。合成的颗粒以纳米球的形式存在，平均直径为50 nm，具有单斜晶结构。在25 mg/mL到100 mg/mL的浓度范围内，对氧化铜纳米颗粒的抑菌活性进行了评价。结果表明，在100 mg/mL CuO浓度下，采用圆盘扩散法对肺炎克雷伯菌有明显的抑制作用，抑菌带为25 mm。

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