The Saudi Journal for Dental Research最新文献

Objective

To determine and compare different levels of awareness and attitude toward Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) among dental and medical practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was completed by 300 practitioners (150 dentists and 150 medical practitioners) working at different academic, governmental, and private sectors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire assessed practitioner’s attitude toward EBP in terms of application and usage; awareness and usage of bibliographic database; history of training in EBP; perception of their understanding of technical terms used in scientific research and opinion with respect to barriers for the use of EBP and Evidence-Based Dentistry in Saudi Arabia.

Results

Of those who were invited to participate, 76.7% returned fully completed questionnaires. Physicians and dentists had an overall favorable attitude toward EBP, with 85% showing interest in the current promotion for this process and 97% agreeing that it improves patients’ care. However, 55% believe that it poses extra demands on already overloaded clinicians. No significant differences were found between dentists and physicians with respect to all attitude items. Significantly fewer dentists indicated understanding the terms: number needed to treat (P = 0.001), odds ratio (P = 0.007), meta-analysis (P = 0.02) and confidence intervals (P = 0.04). Less than half of dentists and physicians received formal training in search strategies (43.8%), critical appraisal (34.4%) and other EBP skills (40.6%), while only 38.8% (significantly lower among dentists; P = 0.009) reported using Evidence-Based Practice guidelines. Significantly more physicians reported having accessibility to Medline through their office computer (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

EBP has not been used to its maximum, despite excellent attitude toward its usage among both physicians and dentists. More efforts should be put into strengthening the skills and use of EBP among all medical practitioners, particularly among dentists, working in Saudi Arabia.

This report describes a case of 21-year-old female with severe maxillary protrusion, and class ІІ/1 dental relationship. The treatment plan was extraction of upper first premolars and retraction of the anterior teeth. Mini-implants were used to provide maximum anchorage to maintain the extraction space. To shorten the retraction time selective alveolar corticotomy was combined with orthodontic therapy. The treatment time was reduced without any adverse effects on the periodontium and the vitality of the teeth.

Platelets can play a crucial role in periodontal regeneration as they are reservoirs of growth factors and cytokines which are the key factors for regeneration of the bone and maturation of the soft tissue. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are autologous platelet concentrates prepared from patient’s own blood. Recent researches are being focused on the development of therapeutic alternatives which are easy to prepare, non-toxic or biocompatible to living tissues and economically cheap that might result in the local release of growth factors accelerating hard and soft tissue healing. PRF is a natural fibrin-based biomaterial prepared from an anticoagulant-free blood harvest without any artificial biochemical modification that allows obtaining fibrin membranes enriched with platelets and growth factors. Evidence from the literature suggests the potential role of PRF in periodontal regeneration and tissue engineering. The slow polymerization during centrifugation and fibrin-based structure makes PRF a better healing biomaterial than PRP and other fibrin adhesives. The main aim of this review article is to briefly describe the novel platelet concentrate PRF and its potential role in periodontal regeneration.

Objectives

To determine the access of dental care among a sample of pregnant women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and identify possible barriers for dental care during pregnancy.

Methods

The target population in this cross-sectional study was female patients attending one private and two governmental hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The age range for these patients was limited to child bearing age (18–48 years old). The pregnant women were identified in obstetric and gynecology clinics. The control group of non-pregnant women was identified in dermatology clinics. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess the pattern of dental service utilization and attitude toward dental treatment during pregnancy. Personal information such as age, education, employment and number of live births were also collected.

Results

A total of 959 properly filled questionnaires out of 1176 (71% response rate) were used in the analysis. The mean age of the sampled subjects was 29.6 (±7.0) years. Only 22% of the sampled pregnant women indicated that they visited their dentists during their current pregnancy. Seventy-two percent of the sampled pregnant women indicated that they have experienced at least one dental problem that might need a dental intervention during their current pregnancy. The likelihood of visiting a dentist during pregnancy for pregnant women who visited the dentist before pregnancy was 20.4 times more compared to pregnant women who did not visit the dentist before pregnancy (N = 510, OR = 20.4, 95% CI [11.9, 34.5]). A lack of knowledge of the importance and safety of dental treatment during pregnancy was reported by the majority of sampled women to be significant barriers for dental care during pregnancy.

Conclusions

The majority of the sampled pregnant women did not visit the dentist during pregnancy and had major misconceptions about the need for and/or the safety of dental treatment during pregnancy.

Gingival biotype has a significant impact on the outcome of restorative and regenerative therapy. The disparity in treatment outcome is possibly because of the difference in tissue response to trauma. Hence in clinical practice identification of the periodontal biotype is significant. Gingival thickness can be assessed by various invasive and non invasive methods. Thick and thin tissues often respond differently to inflammation and trauma. Periodontal surgical technique can improve the tissue quality and treatment outcome. This review paper highlights the general aspects of gingival biotype, methods to assess gingival thickness, response to treatment, techniques to improve tissue quality and its clinical significance.

Objective

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the current concepts, opinions, techniques and materials used on how to restore the endodontically treated teeth (ETT) among dentists in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods

A self administrative questionnaire especially designed for this study was distributed among a conveniently selected sample. A total of 204 questionnaires were completed (Response rate = 30%).

Results

Irrespective of their occupational experience, 62% of the surveyed dentists considered the remaining tooth structure while restoration of ETT while 10% will always place a post in ETT. More than half of the surveyed dentists (52%) believed that a post reinforces ETT either always or sometimes. Majority of the participants agreed that ferrule effect will always (46%) or sometimes (32%) increase the fracture resistance of an ETT. Prefabricated posts were used by 53% and cast posts by 37% of all the participants. The use of parallel sided prefabricated posts, made of metal (29%) or non metal (29%), was the most preferred technique by the surveyed dentists. 60% of the participants agreed that 2/3rd of the canal should be used for the post length. Composite resin (57%) was preferred for core foundation, followed by amalgam (19%) among the participants. Posts are placed primarily with glass ionomer cement (48%), followed by resin cement (22%) and zinc phosphate cement (21%).

Conclusion

The use of the posts was common and the belief that a post reinforces an ETT might explain the reason for its usage by the Saudi dentists. The use of prefabricated post, composite resin as core material and glass ionomer as luting cement is common, while restoring ETT by the Saudi dentists. Endodontic failure was thought to be the most common reason for failure of ETT by the Saudi dentists.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of bleaching agent (10% carbamide peroxide) and antioxidant (10% sodium ascorbate) on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin based composite to enamel. Sixteen extracted human molar teeth were divided into three bleaching groups of 10% carbamide peroxide and an unbleached control group. The specimens in group 1 were bonded immediately after bleaching; group 2 were treated with antioxidant; group 3 were immersed for 3 h in distilled water, whereas the unbleached specimens in group 4 had no treatment (control) before bonding. The enamel was etched using 36% phosphoric acid, and was bonded to light polymerized resin composite. The tooth and resin composite assembly was sectioned to produce specimen of 1.0 mm² cross-section. Specimens were subjected to microtensile testing and fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons test (P = 0.05). The specimen bonded immediately after bleaching revealed significantly lower μTBS (22.33 ± 8.46) compared to those of the control group (30.77 ± 8.01). The bleached specimen treated with antioxidant had μTBS (31.27 ± 6.92) similar to the control group. The majority of failures were at the adhesive interface, however the control group had greater cohesive failures. μTBS reduced significantly when resin based composite was bonded to prebleached enamel with carbamide peroxide (P < 0.001). Furthermore, application of antioxidant to bleached enamel restored the μTBS to levels similar to unbleached enamel (P < 0.001).

Background

The aim of this study was to identify differences in oral cancer incidence among sexes, age groups and oral sites over time in Iraqi population.

Methods

Data was obtained from Iraqi cancer registry, differences and trends were assessed with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test and Regression test, respectively.

Results

In Iraq from 2000 to 2008, there were 1787 new cases of oral cancer registered, 1035 in men and 752 in women. Cancer at all oral sites affected men more than women. The Tongue other (ICD-02) is the most frequent site follow by lip (ICD-00).

Conclusion

The decrease in the percent of oral cancer incidence in Iraq not compatible with the high percent of exposure to the risk factors, Iraqi cancer registry failed in collecting data concerning risk factor and the mortality rate.

Background

A shift in the type and quantity of beverages consumed has been noticed, especially the decrease in the intake of milk and increased consumption of soft drinks. Soft drinks have a pH level of 2 which causes the need to assess its effect on the oral cavity, especially that of dental erosion. The study was done to evaluate if dental erosion was more prevalent in any one particular gender. Also a comparison was done between carbonated and non carbonated type of soft drinks, the various amounts and frequencies of consumption, the favourite brand of soft drink and their consequent dental erosion rates were evaluated.

Materials and methods

A cross sectional descriptive study was done among 400, middle income adults, belonging to the age group of 18–25 years. They were examined between January and March in the year 2012, by a single examiner. A questionnaire was circulated previously in two zones of Chennai, India and the subjects were chosen by lottery method. Clinical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College, India to conduct the dental assessment. The dental erosion rates were estimated using Smith and Knight Index.

Results

Participants who consumed beverages weekly (17.65% males) had less erosion than those who consumed it daily (61.23% males). Higher the quantity of consumption more was the Erosion Index. Higher index values were seen in those who consumed only carbonated soft drinks (35.16 of female) than those who consumed only non-carbonated soft drinks (15.93% of female). On comparison of variables between genders, the p values (0.221 for type of soft drink, 0.826 for quantity of soft drink consumed) obtained were greater than the level of significance (>0.05).

Conclusions

Erosion causes deleterious effects to the dental hard tissues. No sex predilection was seen.