The Saudi Journal for Dental Research最新文献

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to radiographically evaluate the pattern of third molar impaction in a sample of Libyan patients, in terms of age, gender, angulation of impaction, level of eruption and available retromolar space using panoramic radiographs. Furthermore, cross tabulation between patterns of impaction and gender⧹arch were evaluated for any significant difference.

Study design: This retrospective study comprised 300 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of patients attending a private dental clinic in Benghazi between 2008 and 2013. Radiographic assessment was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of impaction, angular position of impaction, level of eruption and available retromolar space. Results were analysed using Pearson’s coefficient test and Student’s t-test

Results: Among 1200 third molars reviewed, 843 (70%) were classified as impacted, of which 371 (44%) were in the maxilla and 472 (56%) were in the mandible. The most prevalent angular position was mesioangular (34.6%) followed by vertical (31.3%) and distoangular (27.7%). A significant association existed between angular position and arch (P < 0.001).

Class IIA was the most common Pell and Gregory classification (38.6%). Significant association was found between the level of eruption and arch (P < 0.001). Bilateral impaction was more common than unilateral impaction in both arches.

Conclusion: Our study highlights mesioangular impaction as the most frequently encountered angular position. The most common level of eruption was Level B; and the majority of impacted third molars (72.7%) had less than adequate space for eruption.

Aim

To explore dental students’ ability to examine dental caries after the introduction of a new dental caries detection and assessment tool. In addition, improvement in dental students’ knowledge and cognitive skills in cariology was assessed.

Subjects and methods

The study involved seventy-nine participants, who are at different levels in the dental academic program. The students’ knowledge on cariology was assessed before and after the introduction of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS).

The assessment involved the examination of extracted teeth (n = 22) and a perception on the overall knowledge gain using a questionnaire. The study consisted of a pre- and post-survey on cariology knowledge. A follow-up examination of the teeth was performed after introducing the participants to the ICDAS.

Results

There were a total of seventy-nine participants (n = 79) in this study. The pre-survey demonstrated that dental interns and senior students had better knowledge of cariology and were more confident detecting dental caries compared with junior students. The mean ICDAS coding agreement (between groups) in 11 (50%) of the extracted teeth were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition, there were differences within groups’ knowledge on cariology in the pre- and post survey (p < 0.05). The majority of the subjects (n = 77, 98%) recommended the use of ICDAS as a teaching aid in the department of cariology.

Conclusion

The introduction of ICADS during teaching caries detection was perceived by dental students as an effective method. The ICDAS should be introduced and taught at a pre-clinic level to dental students in Saudi Arabian dental schools.

Objective: To assess and compare the level of knowledge and attitude toward basic life support among bachelor of dental surgery clinical students (third-, fourth-, and fifth-year dental students), dental interns, postgraduate students and faculty in the Dental College at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Material and methods: A previously validated self-select questionnaire was randomly distributed to the participants. The structured questionnaires consist of demographic data, knowledge and attitude of the participants related to basic life support. Results: 454 participants completed the surveys with response rate of 77.85%. The mean knowledge score for the participants was 5.99 with a median score of six. A highly statistically significant difference was detected among the different academic groups (analysis of variance ANOVA; F = 9.756, P < 0.001). The mean scores of the third-year students were significantly the highest, while fifth-year students showed the lowest knowledge score. The majority of the participants (93.6%) thought that dentists and dental students should know about basic life support and that it should be included in the undergraduate dental curriculum. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that dental students and staff had inadequate basic life support knowledge. However, they had positive attitudes toward it.

The article describes a case of aplastic anemia in a 44-year-old male patient which presented as spontaneous bleeding of gums. Though bleeding of gums is a very common complaint encountered in a dental clinic, bleeding of gums due to systemic causes is an infrequent finding. Patient from blood dyscrasias may present in a dental office with bleeding of gums as sole or the first complaint. The acknowledgment of the patients underlying condition is the responsibility of the dentist for pertinent referral and further management.

Purpose

To gravimetrically analyze the tooth reduction associated with different commonly used preparation designs in relation to coronal and radical parts of the tooth.

Materials and methods

Eighty extracted permanent human teeth (four different morphologies) were divided into eight groups according to tooth type and preparation design. Each specimen underwent a pre- and post-preparation gravimetric analysis. The mass of the tooth that was removed was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the reduction in tooth mass by weight percent. Student’s t-test was used to compare the mean percentages of tooth reduction with a significance level of P < .05.

Results

Significant differences in tooth reduction were noted between different types of crown coverage preparations. Complete-coverage (all-ceramic crown) preparations for mandibular first premolars required the greatest tooth reduction (40.01%). The least tooth reduction was associated with maxillary central incisors undergoing a ceramic veneer preparation (20.19%).

Conclusion

Tooth preparations for all-ceramic crowns require greater tooth reduction relative to ceramic veneers and onlays.

Aims

This study was conducted to determine the learning styles of dental students at King Saud University.

Methods and material

The Arabic version of the VARK questionnaire was administered to undergraduate dental male students in first, second, third, fourth and fifth years to determine their learning style preferences. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the learning styles of students.

Results

There were more students who preferred a multimodal learning style (58.4%) than those who preferred a unimodal learning style (41.6%). The quadmodal learning style was the preferred style among multimodal learners in total sample and in each year separately. Of the unimodal learners, 35.1%, 35.1%, 18.1%, and 11.7% of the students were Kinesthetic (K), Aural (A), Visual (V), and Reading/Writing (R) learners, respectively.

Conclusions

58.4% and 41.6% of the students were found to have multimodal learning preferences and unimodal learning styles, respectively. The distribution of students’ learning styles reflects strong kinesthetic and aural preferences. The learning preference does not differ between undergraduate male students from first to final years at College of Dentistry, King Saud University.

Objective

This study was intended to determine the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies (DDA) among adults attending the outpatient dental clinics of college of dentistry, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data obtained are expected to increase the understanding of their etiology and also aid for better management and prevention.

Materials and methods

The materials were retrieved from the files of patients reporting to the dental clinics of college of dentistry, Jazan University over a period of four months from December 2013 to March 2014. Panoramic radiographs of 1000 patients (500 males and 500 females) with an age range of 18–40 years were examined for anomalies in teeth number, shape, size and position. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS 20 and the value of significance obtained using Chi square and Fisher exact test. The level of significance was set at 95% confidence level.

Results

The prevalence of DDA was 37.8% and distributed equally in both the sexes. The most common anomaly was rotation (20.2%) followed by ectopic eruption (7.6%). Microdontia (0.9%), supernumerary roots (0.7%), macrodontia (0.6%) and transposition (0.3%) were less common. The prevalence of rotation is statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Discussion and conclusion

A significant number of patients had DDA. The prevalence of rotation was high and associated with other common dental diseases. Comparison of our data with other studies showed variation in their prevalence suggesting the influence of genetic and environmental factors. The high prevalence of DDA suggests the need for proper diagnosis, intervention and treatment. Further research into etiological factors for dental anomaly presentation in adults in Saudi Arabia could create awareness and guide preventive strategies to assist in minimizing the associated dental problems.

Hemangioma was previously defined as the variety of developmental vascular anomalies. However, in recent times, they are considered to be benign tumors of infancy characterized by a rapid growth phase with endothelial cell proliferation, followed by gradual involution. Hemangioma is mainly located in the soft tissues. Intraosseous hemangioma constitutes less than 1% of the reported cases of hemangiomas. They mainly occur in the second decade of life especially in women. The most common location is the vertebral column and skull, while the maxilla or mandible is a quite rare location. The origin of central hemangioma is debatable. Here we have presented a case of hemangioma occurring in a female patient in the maxillary canine-premolar region with detailed emphasis on the clinical, radiological and histopathological features.

Objective

Khat is a plant of the Celastraceae family that is chewed for several hours/day in Yemen and most of the East African countries. Cathinone and cathine are the main Khat components and are structurally and functionally related to amphetamine. The present study has been designed to assess levels of antioxidants in the saliva of Khat chewers.

Methods

Saliva samples of 50 volunteers were collected from Khat-chewers and non Khat-chewers, 25 samples each. Saliva samples were collected and used for measurments of salivary antioxidant system including; catalase, total and protein thiols, glutathione and uric acid (UA). Moreover, activity of α-amylase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and levels of total protein, glucose, and cholesterol were also measured.

Results

The activities and levels of antioxidants were significantly decreased in Khat-chewing group as compared to controls (p < 0.001), except the level of UA which was significantly increased. Khat has also been found to have a lowering effect on the activity of salivary amylase and glucose level (p < 0.001). However, the levels of salivary LDH, total protein, and cholesterol were significantly increased in the saliva of Khat chewers (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Present data suggest that Khat chewing generates free radicals and reactive oxygen species to a level that antioxidants cannot cope with, thus overwhelming the antioxidant system capacity.

Among the most important principles of tooth preparation are adequate tooth reduction and appropriate occlusal clearance for prosthetic restorations. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to know the opinion of Intern Dentists of King Khalid University, College of Dentistry regarding the difficulties of preparing teeth for ceramo-metal crowns (CMC). The study also included the audit of dental casts of prepared teeth for CMC by the same Intern Dentists. The die and antimere teeth were evaluated for buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) dimensions using a digital caliper. The presence of planar occlusal reduction, rounded angles and functional cusp bevel was also recorded. The average BL and MD reductions of the prepared teeth were 2.05 mm (±0.84) and 2.33 mm (±0.79) respectively. Comparison of BL reduction and MD reduction with hypothetically calculated ideal reduction between premolars and molars revealed a statistically insignificant difference (p > 0.05, unpaired t-test). However, statistical comparison of BL reduction between maxillary and mandibular dies revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05, unpaired t-test). Only one third of the dies had adequate planar occlusal reduction, 60.71% dies showed proper functional cusp bevel and 64% of the dies had rounded cusp angles. In the response to the questionnaire, facial and lingual reductions were considered easy by the respondents, while occlusal surface reduction and maxillary teeth preparation were considered difficult. The amount of tooth reduction performed by the Intern dentists for ceramo-metal crowns was within normal range. Teaching strategies regarding maxillary teeth reduction and planar occlusal reduction may require reconsideration.