The Saudi Journal for Dental Research最新文献

Class II malocclusions are one of the most common problems in orthodontic treatment. There are a variety of effective and simple treatments to correct them, such as headgear and functional appliances. Functional appliances are commonly used for the treatment of class II malocclusions with mandibular deficiency. The success of treatment with a functional appliance relies on the patient’s cooperation and favourable mandibular growth. Treatment with a functional appliance usually lasts for 9–12 months and requires a proper retention time to ensure complete musculoskeletal adaptation.

A second stage of treatment with a full-fixed appliance is often required to achieve proper alignment and good interdigitation of the dentition. In the present case, a prepubertal twelve year female with a class II malocclusion and retrusive mandible was treated first with an activator for 17 months. The activator successfully resolved the problem of the retrusive mandible with favourable mandibular growth. This was followed by 10 months of fixed orthodontic treatment to finalize the occlusion without extractions. This two phase treatment yielded a pleasing profile and good occlusion in this patient.

This report describes a case of a 49 year old male patient presenting with lingual mucosa ulceration with cortical bone necrosis, above mylohyoid ridge in the right side of mandible. The patient had extraction a few days before development of the ulcer. The patient’s medical history was clear and not on any drugs. Clinically, he presented with moderate pain and discomfort. Intraoral examination revealed a discrete ulcer of about 1 cm in diameter and exposure of the underlying bone, which was necrotic. Extra-oral examination showed no abnormalities. Radiographs revealed no pathology, apart from extraction socket. The case was treated in two phases; initial control of acute signs and symptoms by antibiotic cover and analgesic for 5 days, and smoothening of the exposed bone. This was followed by surgical removal of the necrotic bone and dressing of the vital bone with iodoform gauze. The lesion healed completely in 3 weeks.

Although the cause of this lesion is not clear, minor trauma from suture may be initiated the process. These ulcers are basically uncommon; however, general dental practitioners are invited to understand the potential systemic and local etiological factors and the management to avoid any unwanted complications.

Cleft lip and palate is a congenital anomaly. Its management requires a long term commitment, multidisciplinary and structured treatment. Treatment is initiated at infancy and continues till adolescence. Bone grafting is performed in order to provide bony stabilization for cleft maxillary alveolar arch and room for subsequent canine tooth eruption. The aim of this review was to discuss the success of various bone graft materials in managing unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients. For this purpose, a detailed literature search was performed using available electronic databases for peer reviewed papers published in English language. The review is based on published papers reporting the use of various bone graft materials for managing cleft lip and palate patients. The success of bone grafts was studied using the grading scales measuring the bone height at the grafted sites. Various types of bone graft materials including autogenous and allogenic were reviewed. Implant placement in cleft lip and palate patients required bone grafting after orthodontic expansion because of deficient bone in the anterior maxillary region. The grafted bone consequently provides stability and support to the maxillary alveolar arch. Success of bone graft as well as dental implants is multifactorial and therefore depends upon the type of bone graft, bone quality at cleft site and severity of cleft lip and palate.

Introduction: Several studies have documented a high prevalence of dental problems among Saudi youth. In order to plan successful public health awareness campaigns it is essential to evaluate three domains related to oral health at the population level, namely knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Objective: To assess the level and aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to oral health among school students who attended a major festival in the City of Riyadh. Methods: This survey followed a cross sectional study design. Study subjects were recruited randomly among Saudi nationals attending the Jenadriyah festival in Riyadh City in the year 2013. Results: The study population was composed of 287 participants of age 10–18 years. Around 67% students reported brushing their teeth daily. We found significant difference in brushing habit between genders (P = 0.001) with girls showing a better dental practice. Compared to boys, girls were more aware about bleeding gums (P value ⩽ 0.001), oral health effects general health (P value = 0.004) and importance of dental check-up (P value ⩽ 0.001). Compared to boys’ girls were significantly more conscious about tooth color (P value = 0.05). Other attitudes toward dental health were not significantly different in-between genders. Conclusion: This population-based study among 15–18-year old students found that around two third of Saudi youth brush their teeth proportion which is similar to that reported among similar age groups 10 years ago. Through this study we recommended that evidenced-based effective dental awareness programs are needed in order to improve dental-related practice among that age group. Evaluations of ongoing campaigns in schools are needed to better understand factors that can facilitate translating improved knowledge and attitudes into changing practice.

Periodontal diseases with their poly microbial etiology, are a major cause of tooth mortality in the adult population. Current treatment modalities have resulted only in arresting the disease progression but have not cured the disease completely, nor do they prevent the recurrence. Hence there is a need for more sophisticated therapeutic modalities which may include vaccines targeting putative periodontal pathogens. No periodontal vaccine trials have been successful in satisfying all requirements of an ideal periodontal vaccine. Periodontal vaccines could emerge as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in future.

Objective

To evaluate bone regeneration in a heterogenous, deproteinized bone mineral (DBM) when used as an onlay graft.

Materials and methods

In this study, eight rabbits received two titanium bone graft holders (TBGHs), one on the left and one on the right lateral surface of the mandible. Each TBGH possessed two cylindrical chambers, which were perforated with numerous sub-millimeter pores. On the experimental side of the jaw, the chambers were filled with DBM particles (Bio-Oss®, Geistlich Pharmaceutical AG, Walhusen, Switzerland). Chambers on the opposite (control) side of the jaw were empty (no DBM). Following TBGH placement both the control and experimental TBGHs were covered with a barrier layer of collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®, Geistlich Pharmaceutical AG, Walhusen, Switzerland). After twelve weeks, sections of the mandible were harvested for radiographic and histomorphometric evaluation.

Results

New bone formation was seen in both test and control chambers. However, the newly generated bone was greater in the experimental (DBM) group (18.41%) than in the control group (5.31%). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Upon quantification of the radio-dense area from the radiographs, there was significantly more bone and/or graft in the experimental group (12.96 mm² ± 1.48) than the control group (8.59 mm² ± 3.54) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the DBM chambers were filled to a significantly greater height (2.73 mm ± 0.24) than the control chambers (1.83 mm ± 0.72) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

DBM can enhance greater new bone formation when used as an onlay graft, underneath a rigid barrier.

Aim: To determine the microbial quality of water from DUWLs and also to determine the efficacy of flushing on reducing its microbial count in Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College, Shimla.

Method: Samples were collected from all the dental chairs in the department of public health dentistry. Ten millilitres of water was collected in a sterile container from air water syringe in the mid afternoon, once before flushing and once after flushing for two minutes. One control sample was also taken from tap in the department. The samples were then sent to department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla where they were investigated for gram positive and gram negative cocci; gram positive and gram negative bacilli.

Results: No organism was detected in the control sample from tap water. The only organism that was detected was staphylococcus coagulase negative. The mean of staphylococci coagulase negative colony forming units in pre flushing sample was 1460.89 and in post flushing sample was 1380. The difference between pre flushing and post flushing sample was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Though the organism present in water was only staphylococci coagulase negative, the level was higher than as recommended by CDC, so appropriate disinfection methods should be used, and the source of staphylococci coagulase negative should be investigated. The flushing did not show any significant difference before and after flushing in the present study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of medical and dental practitioners towards the dental management of patients who are on anti-coagulant and/or anti platelet agents. Methods: This study was conducted in different hospitals/health centers of Riyadh and AlKharj cities, Saudi Arabia. Participants included practitioners working in government and private medical centers/hospitals. A self-administered questionnaire including details about the practitioners’ level of education and work experience was used. Participants were asked questions regarding dental management of patients on anticoagulant therapy and/or antiplatelet therapy. Result: A total of 650 self-administered questionnaires were distributed among dental and medical practitioners, of which, 543 were returned complete. Most of the participants were general (graduate) medical and dental practitioners (59.3%). 15.4% practitioners were in favor of continuing the antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication without alteration while 6.6% were unsure about stopping or continuing the medication. A less than half (35.3%) of the practitioners were using current guidelines for managing such patients. Dentist (58.6%) and medical practitioners (64.7%) felt that evidence based guidelines would be helpful in dental management of patients on antithrombotic therapy. Conclusion: Dentists and medical practitioners showed a wide range of approach in terms of knowledge related to management of patient taking anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet medication prior to dental treatment. There is a need to educate both medical and dental practitioners to use evidence based guidelines for management of such patients.

Cephalometric is a tool routinely used in orthodontics to reflect upon the result of a finished case. At times, impressive clinical result might not corroborate into ideal cephalometric goals. This case report illustrates such a case where the facial changes produced were marked, however, to call this case a success or failure, can become a bone of contention among orthodontists, when reflected upon in light of the cephalometric goals.

Introduction/objective: Jaw Wiring (JW) is one of the controversial treatment modalities for obese individuals. It aims at limiting the food intake of the patient resulting in weight loss. The authors conducted a literature review to explore the historical development, effectiveness, indications, advantages and disadvantages of Jaw Wiring (JW) as treatment modality for obese individuals.

Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Google Scholar have been searched for papers that addressed the effectiveness of JW in the treatment of obesity since 1979 till present. No restriction regarding the type of the articles has been considered.

Results: JW as a method of obesity management is a highly controversial issue. Almost all papers are retrospective, uncontrolled trials with a small sample size or anecdotal opinions. However, current data indicate that although JW is efficient in weight loss relatively faster than other treatment modalities, weight regaining is a constant finding in approximately all patients after JW discontinuation. Aspiration of vomit, gingival diseases, teeth decalcification and temporomandibular disorders are potential side effects. Such extreme treatment method should be approached carefully in a properly selected category of obese patients.

Conclusion: JW is an efficient way in terms of weight control in properly selected obese patients and usually no serious complications could be encountered through the treatment course.