The Saudi Journal for Dental Research最新文献

Aim

Salivary Candida carriage patterns seem to significantly vary by geographical location. The aim of this study was to assess carriage of Candida species in saliva of primary school children in a Saudi population, and correlate it to their dental caries activity.

Materials and methods

A total of 270 children of both genders were recruited from six primary schools. Oral hygiene and dental caries were assessed using the simplified oral hygiene and dft/DMFT indices, respectively. Chromagar Candida medium was used to identify and quantify Candida species in unstimulated saliva samples.

Results

Seven percent of the subjects were caries free while 74% had high caries activity. Candida was detected in 63.3% of the children with a mean count of 1076 ± 1888 CFU/ml. Significantly higher carriage was observed in males (70% vs. 56%; P = 0.02). Candida albicans accounted for 69% of the isolates, while Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and unidentified species represented 11.8%, 5.5%, 2.3% and 11.4%, respectively. Twenty-five percent of the carriers harbored 2 or more species. Four carrier clusters were identified as described previously. Carriage status showed the strongest association with both d and D scores (P < 0.01), caries status (OR = 5.9; P = 0.003) and caries extent (OR = 5.5; P = 0.001). Carriage at >1000 CFU was only seen in caries active subjects.

Conclusions

Asymptomatic oral carriage of Candida at high counts seems to be common among children from Arabia. Further evidence is provided here for the potential use of Candida counts for prediction of caries risk.

Adequate knowledge about the morphology of root canal system is elementary for successful endodontic treatment. Maxillary second molars usually present with clinical morphology of two buccal and one palatal root. Occurrence of an extra palatal root is a rare scenario and least documented. The following case report describes successful non-surgical management of maxillary second molar with an unusual morphology of two independent palatal roots. The access cavity design was modified as dictated by the internal anatomy of the tooth and the chemo-mechanical preparation of root canals was done using rotary NiTi files and obturated using resin sealer.

Aims

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of orthodontic miniscrew placement angle and structure in terms of length and diameter on stress distribution at the bone miniscrew interface.

Methods

10 FE models were created representing miniscrews inserted in the buccal alveolar bone between the maxillary first molar and second premolar to simulate varying angulations of miniscrew placement (90°, 60°, 45°, 30°) to the long axis of the maxillary first molar, varying length (6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm) and varying diameter (1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm). In order to simulate retraction forces an identical force of 200 g was applied perpendicular to the long axis of the miniscrew in all the models. Finite Element Modeling Analysis was used to analyze the stress distribution at the bone miniscrew interface.

Results

Minimum and maximum stress in the miniscrew was generated at placement angles of 30° and 90° respectively. In the bone minimum and maximum stress was found at placement angles of 90° and 30° respectively. On increasing the miniscrew diameter stress in both the miniscrew and the bone decreased. There was no difference found in the stress distribution patterns with varying miniscrew length.

Conclusion

Based on stress patterns, biomechanical stability of the miniscrew is enhanced by a placement angle of 90° to the long axis of the first maxillary molar and a diameter of 1.5 mm for the site selected in this study while miniscrew length has no implication on its stability.

Aim

This in vitro study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pre- and post-simulated bleaching procedures with 10% carbamide peroxide on the shear bond strengths of different adhesives to enamel and to determine the failure modes of tested specimens.

Materials and methods

The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30) according to the sequence of bleaching and bonding procedures (control non-bleach, pre- and post-bleach groups). Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the three types of adhesives: OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr) and Single Bond Universal (3M-ESPE) used as etch-and-rinse and self-etch techniques. Resin composite cylinders were then placed with Filtek Z 250 (3M ESPE). The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 hours prior to being thermocycled for 1000 cycles (at 5 and 55 °C). The samples in the pre- and post-bleach groups were also immersed daily in artificial saliva at 37 °C, and for two weeks after completion of the bleaching process. Shear bond strengths were measured with a cross-head speeds of 0.5 mm/min. Failure modes of debonded specimens were determined by stereomicroscopy (30×). The interface margins of resin composite to the different enamel conditions were observed by scanning electron microscopy (1000×) before shear bond strength testing.

Results

There were no significant effects of different enamel conditions (control non-bleach, pre-bleach and post-bleach) on the shear bond strengths of OptiBond Solo Plus Adhesive Agent or etch-and-rinse Single Bond Universal Adhesive Agent. Pre- and post-simulated home bleaching of enamel with 10% carbamide peroxide had an adverse effect on the shear bond strengths of self-etch Single Bond Universal Adhesive Agent.

Conclusion

In enamel, an etch-and-rinse approach with phosphoric acid remains the procedure of choice, since it guarantees the most durable bond to enamel. Therefore, selective phosphoric-acid-etching of enamel is highly recommended, followed by self-etching.

Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) is a rare, slowly progressive tumor of the extragnathic craniofacial bones, with a tendency towards locally aggressive behavior and recurrence. The pathognomonic histopathologic feature is the presence of spherical ossicles, which are similar to psammoma bodies. Very few cases in association with the secondary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) formation have been reported in the literature. Treatment consists of complete surgical removal; the incomplete excision has been associated with a high local recurrence rate. The prognosis is good because malignant change and metastasis have not been reported. We report a case of JPOF of the mandible with secondary ABC in an 18-year-old male patient.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of microstomia patients presents difficulties at all stages as the maximal oral opening is smaller than the size of a complete denture. Such a condition may often result from the surgical treatment of orofacial cancer, cleft lip, trauma, burns, Plummer–Vinson syndrome or scleroderma. Microstomia frequently leads to several incapacitating sequelae such as the inability to masticate, speech problems, impaired delivery of oral hygiene or dental care, and psychological problems secondary to facial disfigurement. This article focuses on fabrication of sectional trays and sectional dentures that could enable easier and competent in a patient with limited oral opening.

Objective

To study the prevalence of complete edentulism among rural and urban population of Udaipur district of Rajasthan in relation to age and gender.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among 524 completely edentulous subjects who reported for the first time for a complete denture treatment, to the Department of Prosthodontics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur were selected over a period of 1 year.

Results

The collected data were analyzed statistically using the chi-square test at the significance level of p ⩽ 0.05. Chi square test is used to evaluate the statistical significance of differences in frequencies between subgroups using spss software nu 10. The following results were obtained, according to gender, 323 subjects were male and 201 subjects were female. According to region, out of 323 male subjects, 169 subjects were from rural region and 154 subjects were from urban region. Edentulous males and females were found maximum from rural and urban region, respectively. More male subjects were present in group II (51–70 years) in both rural and urban regions. Female subjects were found maximum in group I (30–50 years) and group II (51–70 years) in rural and urban region, respectively. According to duration of complete edentulousness maximum number of male subjects were found edentulous in category of up to 6 months and 6 months–1 year in rural and urban region, respectively as compared to female subjects which were found edentulous in category of 6 months–1 year and up to 6 months in rural and urban region, respectively. Periodontal disease was the main cause of edentulism both in male and female subjects of rural and urban region.

Conclusions

Periodontal disease can be prevented by stopping the habit of smoking and maintaining proper oral hygiene by giving the instructions of brushing twice daily and visiting to the dentists every 6 months so the prevalence of complete edentulousness may be reduced.

Aim of the study

To assess the educational level and the knowledge of the final year dental students at King Saud University regarding the uses of laser in Dentistry.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University in Riyadh. A questionnaire was designed and answered by 94 final year dental students. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts. First part was about dental laser education and the second one was about the knowledge of dental laser applications. The second part was sub-sectioned to 6 sections. Each section consisted of several items related to the uses of laser in 5 different dental specialties in addition to a section in laser protection. The analysis was performed by scoring 2 for a correct response, 0 for don’t know response and −2 for an incorrect response. Students’ knowledge scores were calculated and transferred to a scale ranged between 2 and −2. Score of ⩾1 was considered as sufficient knowledge, while score of <1 was considered as insufficient knowledge. Descriptive statistics of different items were assessed and analyzed using SPSS program.

Results

Most of the dental student (91.5%) reported that they did not have enough dental laser education. In general, the majority (76%) of dental students had insufficient knowledge regarding the uses of laser in Dentistry. Students’ knowledge of the uses of dental laser in Oral Surgery and Operative Dentistry was better than their knowledge in Periodontic, Pediatric Dentistry/Orthodontic and Endodontic.

Conclusion

Dental students at King Saud University had inadequate laser education and insufficient knowledge regarding the uses of laser in different specialties in Dentistry. More education about dental laser should be added to the curriculum of undergraduate program.

This study was aimed to assess the periodontal status of Saudi adult females who had received regular oral prophylaxis following the insertion of fixed partial dentures. The effects of sub- and supra-gingivally placed crown margins were also assessed. The study sample included 78 females who had fixed partial dentures made by senior students at the College of Dentistry of King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. From each study participant, two paired eligible sites, one for the abutment and one for the matched non-abutment teeth, were selected. The plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility and locations of the crown margins were assessed and recorded by one calibrated examiner. The abutment teeth scored significantly higher plaque and gingival indices and greater probing pocket depth than non-abutment teeth (p-value <0.05). In addition, the abutment teeth scored greatest mean values of the clinical parameters in subjects who were 46 year-old or older and those who had their functioning fixed partial dentures for more than 5 years. The teeth with supra-gingivally placed crown margins had significantly higher mean values of plaque index, gingival index and probing pocket depth than teeth with sub-gingival crown margins (p-value <0.05). The results of this study indicated that in subjects with fixed partial dentures, the abutment teeth are more prone to periodontal inflammation than the non-abutment teeth. Additionally, the individual’s age, duration of insertion of fixed partial dentures and location of the crown margins affect the periodontal health of the abutments.

Salvadora persica L. of the family Salvadoraceae, is an evergreen shrub, with a short trunk 4–6 m tall, smooth green leaves and white bark. Meswak, a chewing stick is prepared from its stings and roots. Its anatomical structure as well as its chemical constituent which had been investigated from time to time in last three decades made this plant a choice as tooth-powder and tooth-cleaner. The acceptance of meswak is broad due to the fact that a part of Islam’s religious practice is the incorporation of dental hygiene and recommends meswak specifically for this purpose. Moreover the traditional use of S. persica as antimicrobial toothbrush stick for oral hygiene and to treat gum inflammation, is a part of Greeko-Arab system of medicine and is a centuries old practice. The available literature mostly stresses upon the higher antibacterial activity against oral bacteria of Meswak although the plant has other medicinal values. So keeping all of its beneficial therapeutic properties in view, this review was focused to highlight the available literature of its role in maintaining the dental hygiene and ultimately the potential and safely use as dental remedy.