Transport Economics and Management最新文献

This study investigates the main factors influencing carbon emissions from Four Wheel Passenger Vehicles (FWPVs) in Sri Lanka, an emerging economy where the transport sector contributes 12 % of total emissions. Pioneering a new methodology, we integrate System Dynamics (SD) modeling and decomposition analysis to comprehensively map the factors affecting fuel efficiency for the first time in Sri Lanka. Employing the additive Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI I), we analyze a comprehensive time series dataset covering all petrol, diesel, and electric-powered FWPVs registered between 2015 and 2019. Our study delves into significant drivers of CO2 emissions, including population dynamics, vehicle ownership trends, annual travel distances, fuel types, engine capacities, and technological advancements. Additionally, we quantify the impact of fiscal policies on FWPV emissions, revealing a surge in emissions in 2018 and 2019 driven by consumer preferences for high-capacity vehicles. Our findings offer critical insights for crafting effective policies to promote energy-efficient vehicles and mitigate carbon emissions in the transport sector, emphasizing the importance of targeted fiscal measures. By imposing taxes on high-capacity vehicles and incentivizing the adoption of low-emission options through tax variations and renewable energy incentives, policymakers can influence consumer behavior and drive significant emission reductions. Our study underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of fiscal policies to refine existing measures and accelerate the transition towards a sustainable, low-carbon transportation sector in Sri Lanka.

This study explores the relationship among carriers’ behavior, the increase of operational cost under the Net Zero policy, and the workability of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. We adopted the bi-level network optimization model with a modification on the passenger utility function to reflect the effect of carbon dioxide reduction preference. We considered a four-node network in which high-speed Rail is available for short-haul transport and aviation is used for long-haul transport. The results suggest that when the fuel price increases owing to the usage of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and environment-friendly aircraft, airlines lose their profits and the passenger flow decreases. However, when passengers become more sensitive to the environmental load of travel, airlines are incentivized to use SAF and environment-friendly aircraft to gain more passengers, provided fuel costs do not rise sharply. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of GHG reduction largely depends on the cost increase and therefore, when imposing more stringent regulations on all airlines, new problems may arise from the decline in international communication.

Two commonly used methods for pricing managed lanes (MLs) are adjusting tolls based on the time of day or dynamically changing them in response to real-time traffic congestion. It is unclear which of these tolling options is more effective in controlling the usage of MLs. This study employed nine different performance measures with the goal to evaluate the toll's capacity to manage traffic on six MLs across the United States, including if dynamic tolling or variable tolling is better at managing ML traffic. Among the MLs examined, two were priced variably (SR-91 and I-25), while four were priced dynamically (I-35W, I-394, I-35E, and MoPac). Overall, both pricing approaches were found to effectively maintain traffic flow on MLs, with neither method demonstrating clear superiority. However, dynamic pricing did exhibit a slight advantage over variable pricing in most performance measures. Our results imply that both pricing mechanisms are similarly effective in ensuring the smooth operation of MLs and are therefore viable options for ML operators.

This study argues that port decarbonisation is not only a technological challenge, but also an implementation issue. Hence, other determinants of implementation should be considered. Yet, the existing scant literature has never addressed this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to provide insights about determinants of port decarbonisation implementation. The implementation theory (ImpThry) lens and port decarbonisation literature were reviewed and then both bodies of literature were cross analysed to demonstrate the applicability of ImpThry to port decarbonisation and identify determinants of successful implementation. Results have presented six constructs, i.e., implementation schemes, level of governance, interorganisational relationships, disposition and commitment of managers, capacities and economic conditions, and engagement with target groups, as determinants of port decarbonisations. Additionally, measurement items were identified, and several hypotheses were proposed. While the results presented a new conceptualisation based on ImpThry and paved the way of empirical investigation in future research, it also has managerial implications. The various demonstrated determinants inspire and direct the attention of port business managers and decision-makers to implementation pathways to achieve the decarbonation goal. Also, determinants draw attention to why port decarbonisation implementation succeeds or fails. While this is the first study that addresses this topic, it is considered as an extended application of the ImpThry in port decarbonisation. Nonetheless, the findings from this research make a desirable contribution to smooth port decarbonisation implementation.

In the domain of transport logistics, digitalization technologies are recognized as a high priority, demanded by stakeholders such as legislators, customers, and partners. Concurrently, the industry contends with escalating challenges, including persistent cost pressures and emergent crises such as pandemics and geographical conflicts. To address these multifaceted challenges, the transport logistics sector seeks solutions through the adoption of digitalization technologies. Nevertheless, the widespread implementation of these technologies, often associated with substantial investment costs, necessitates clear evidence of transparent economic benefits and potential remedies for current crises. In order to enhance the understanding of the economic impact of digitalization technologies in transport logistics, this paper presents a state-of-the-art systematic literature review (SLR). The review encompasses 64 papers from leading journals, providing an insightful overview of the field's thematic diversity and developmental trajectory. Employing content analysis, the study reveals emerging themes. Key findings indicate that the research field is still in its early stages but is experiencing discernible growth, with a significant focus on emerging technologies. Finally, several promising future research areas and possible research questions are identified based on these findings.

Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs; commonly known as drones) have been gaining interest as a potential transport mode for logistics (i.e., payload delivery), bringing suggested benefits such as reduced transit times and improved access in hard-to-reach locations. However, drones have yet to become widely established in routine logistics systems, with a postulated reason being that the higher costs associated with operating drones relative to traditional surface transport modes (e.g., vans, bicycle couriers) present a barrier to uptake. Based on case studies of two real-world logistics networks transporting patient pathology samples in a healthcare setting in the United Kingdom, this study investigated the effects of the relative costs of drones on mode choice in integrated, multi-modal logistics systems. Results suggested that drones could be a financially viable option if their costs reduced below ∼19% of current values, although such a reduction may not be feasible, even in a future involving increased drone automation. Drones reduced sample transit times by up to ∼70% compared to vans but benefits to the wider healthcare system were negligible because level of service requirements for transit times could be achieved by all modes.

In this paper, we examine the effects of logistic infrastructures as determinants of foreign investment in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2008 to 2021. We analyze the data using panel data and a feasible generalized least squares model. Our findings indicate that FDI tends to flow to countries with adequate transport and telecommunications infrastructure, although the availability of an electricity grid suitable for the needs of investors is the most significant factor in Latin America. We also determined that there is a limit beyond which investment in transportation infrastructure does not contribute to attracting foreign investment. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the region attracts FDI due to new market opportunities and lower production costs. We also find that the economic opening in Latin America discourages investment by neighboring investors, highlighting the importance of policies that balance foreign capital attraction with respect to international agreements with neighboring countries.

Inland waterway transport (IWT) is recognized by its social, environmental, and economic advantages if compared with other transportation means. Nevertheless, several barriers have been identified which require the implementation of solutions that lead to the sustainable development of IWT. After reviewing the literature, this paper presents a framework of barriers and solutions for the sustainable development of IWT. The data were classified within the main elements of the IWT system: ports, fleet, and waterway, and subsequently grouped into one of the five proposed factors (governance and policies, management, operational, infrastructure and technology, and human resources). The basis for the enhancement of IWT is the attitude and change of mindset of governments towards IWT development. From there, several solutions can be implemented, such as policies that stimulate IWT growth aligned with the environmental requirements of each basin and encourage the private sector to take part in the search for alternatives in Favor of IWT development as a reliable, sustainable, and economically viable means of transport.

Transportation plays a central role in modern society, influencing both economic prosperity and quality of life. However, it also poses challenges, such as road safety, that require innovative solutions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acceptance of mobile emergency notification applications as a road safety measure on Greek and European highways. Using a quantitative approach, an online questionnaire was distributed to 1002 Greek and foreign highway users. The study focused on identifying key factors influencing the effectiveness of these applications, with particular emphasis on users' willingness to pay for ad-free notifications. Results show that the most influential factors include the type of messages sent, willingness to pay for ad-free services, and preferred methods and frequency of receiving emergency notifications. These findings have implications for the design and implementation of more effective mobile alert systems for road safety.

Urban transportation is a major challenge in many cities worldwide and railway systems are often considered as an alternative to solve mobility and air pollution problems. However, such systems are capital-intensive, and their implementation often extends over several years, particularly in developing countries. This paper proposes a methodological approach to assess the impact of long-term urban railway network expansion on pollutant emissions applied to the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) in Brazil. The proposed approach consists of seven steps: define the trips of interest in a database derived from an OD survey; estimate the trip matrix in a baseline scenario and a future scenario considering the expansion of the rail network; determine the trip attributes in both scenarios; calculate the modal choice based on a Logit model; determine the number of trips per mode; estimate vehicle emissions using the bottom-up methodology; and compare the emissions between scenarios. The results of the proposed railway network would lead to a substantial increase in railway ridership between the base scenario of 2017 and the future scenario of 2030, reducing the choices for automobiles by 41%. Nonetheless, the decrease in vehicular emissions would be modest, primarily attributed to reductions in short-distance trips, resulting in estimated reductions of 0.25% for PM, 1.17% for NO_x, and 3.93% for CO emissions. These findings underscore the importance of assessing the potential benefits of railway expansion with tools that consider multiple data sources and models, and the need for integrated policies to achieve sustainable urban transportation systems.