Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry最新文献

Context: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) emphasizes not only prolonging life but also enhancing health and quality. Children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) encounter numerous barriers to dental care, necessitating tailored healthcare strategies. Adaptation of conventional protocols is essential, and focus group discussions (FGDs) have shown potential as an effective approach.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the OHRQoL of CSHCNs and assess the role of FGDs in improving their oral health.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 6-14-year-old SHCNs children. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed parental consent was secured. Fifty participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Data collection included: (1) qualitative assessment using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire and (2) quantitative assessment using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) in three phases: baseline recording, regular FGDs with mobile networking, and motivational strategy and education were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25; a paired t-test was applied for OHI-S score comparison (P < 0.005).

Results: The mean participant age was 10.14 ± 2.08 years (62% of males and 38% of females). OHIP-14 domain mean scores were functional limitation -4.42 ± 1.37, functional disorder -4.30 ± 1.24, psychological disorder -4.26 ± 1.17, functional disability -4.96 ± 1.69, psychological disability -4.66 ± 1.49, and social disability -5.24 ± 1.93. The OHI-S mean scores improved significantly from 2.71 ± 0.69 to 1.90 ± 0.71 (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: CSHCNs exhibited compromised OHRQoL. FGDs significantly improved oral hygiene, demonstrating potential for preventive oral health programs.

Background: Pit and fissure sealants are a preventive strategy against occlusal caries in children. Resin-based sealants (RSs) are considered the gold standard because of their superior retention, while glass ionomer sealants (GIS) offer fluoride release and moisture tolerance. However, their comparative long-term performance remains unclear.

Objective: To systematically compare retention rates, caries-preventive efficacy, and clinical performance of resin-based and GISs in children's permanent molars.

Materials and methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from database inception through September 30, 2025, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing resin based and GISs in permanent molars. The search strategy combined Medical Subject Heading and free-text terms related to sealants, permanent teeth, and pediatric populations. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 (RoB-2) tool. Certainty of evidence was not graded using GRADE.

Results: A total of 13 RCTs were included. RSs showed consistently higher retention rates than GISs, while caries-preventive efficacy was generally comparable. Considerable heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 86.6%) due to differences in populations, sealant materials, and follow-up durations. RoB was assessed using the RoB-2 tool, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test, which did not indicate small-study effects.

Conclusion: RS outperforms GIS in retention, but both materials show comparable caries-preventive efficacy. GIS remains a viable alternative where isolation is difficult. Long-term RCTs with standardized outcome reporting are needed.

Context: The sense of coherence (SOC) is a pivotal element within the salutogenic framework of health, which endeavors to elucidate the determinants that facilitate health promotion.

Aims: This study examined the relationship between maternal and adolescent SOC and its impact on adolescents' oral health behaviors, explicitly brushing frequency, sugar consumption, and dental visits.

Settings and design: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted within the department, encompassing 723 mother-adolescent dyads selected from urban and semi-urban educational institutions.

Subjects and methods: Both cohorts completed the SOC-13 scale, and data about demographic variables and oral health behaviors were systematically gathered.

Statistical analysis used: Logistic regression and mediation analyses examined the relationships between maternal and adolescent SOC and oral health practices.

Results: The investigation revealed that elevated maternal SOC was significantly correlated with enhanced oral health behaviors among adolescents. A 10-point increase in maternal SOC was associated with a 104% increase in dental visits and a 90% increase in the frequency of brushing in adolescents. Similarly, a 10-point increase in adolescent SOC led to a 52% enhancement in daily tooth brushing and a 10% decrease in sugar intake. Maternal educational attainment and socioeconomic status were the critical determinants of oral health practices. Mediation analysis demonstrated maternal SOC partially mediated the association between adolescent SOC and oral health behaviors.

Conclusions: Elevated SOC scores in both mothers and adolescents were associated with enhanced oral health practices among adolescents, including consistent tooth brushing and decreased intake of sugary foods. Programs that foster familial interactions that elevate maternal SOC and educational attainment may serve as effective mechanisms for encouraging healthier behavioral patterns in adolescents.

Context: Preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) increase the risk of systemic and oral health issues, including early childhood caries (ECC) and developmental defects of enamel (DDE).

Aim: To compare the prevalence of ECC and DDE among preterm LBW (PTLBW), full term LBW (FTLBW), and Full term Normal Birth Weight (FTNBW) children aged 3-6 years.

Settings and design: Cross-sectional study among 100 children attending a tertiary dental care center.

Methods: Children were grouped as PTLBW and FTLBW (n = 50) and FTNBW (n = 50). ECC was assessed using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) and International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and DDE using the modified DDE index. Data on birth history, feeding practices, and Vitamin D supplementation were collected.

Results: PTLBW children had the highest mean dmft score (8.24 ± 5.53), followed by FTLBW (5.72 ± 4.27) and FTNBW (5.32 ± 4.14). PTLBW males showed significantly higher caries prevalence than FTNBW males (P < 0.05). Although enamel hypoplasia was more frequent in PTLBW children, the association between DDE and birth weight was not statistically significant. Feeding practices, Vitamin D deficiency, and sticky food intake were significantly associated with ECC.

Conclusion: PTLBW children are at greater risk for ECC. Early identification and preventive strategies for high-risk groups are essential to reduce the complications.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in children that can impair their ability to maintain oral hygiene. It is broadly classified into inattentive and hyperactive types, associated with distinct oral health challenges.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a foam toothbrush on the oral hygiene status of children with ADHD.

Materials and methods: A total of 68 children aged 6-12 years, diagnosed with either the inattentive or hyperactive type of ADHD, were randomly assigned to use either a regular or a foam toothbrush. Oral health status was assessed using visual plaque scores and gingival bleeding scores at baseline, 15 days, 1 month, and 3 months.

Results: In children with the hyperactive type of ADHD, the foam toothbrush resulted in a significantly greater reduction in plaque scores compared to the regular toothbrush. In addition, at the 3-month follow-up, children with both inattentive and hyperactive ADHD types using the foam toothbrush exhibited a significant decrease in gingival scores.

Conclusion: The foam toothbrush demonstrated superior efficacy in improving oral hygiene, particularly in children with the hyperactive type of ADHD.

Abstract: In children with untimely loss or extraction of primary teeth, space maintainers (SMs) are the dental appliances which help in preventing the unwanted migration of nearby teeth in dental arch, and thus, avoid the potential need for complex and lengthy orthodontic procedures. Several drawbacks of traditional SMs and their traditional fabrication modalities are well evident from the relevant literature. In the current modern era, digital technological innovations and advancements are progressively evolving and revolutionizing the clinical pediatric dentistry. Digital technologies including intra-oral sensors for acquiring oral tissue impression and three-dimensional (3D)-printers for fabricating SM appliances have been a boon and evolving swiftly, and its various positive aspects have been reported by the studies. However, till now, there is no published scoping review pertinent to the clinical performance of 3D-printed space maintainers (3DP-SMs) in growing children. Therefore, this present scoping review was planned and executed with the aim to appraise the existing published literature regarding 3DP-SMs appliances by extensively exploring published studies/articles from various databases ("PubMed," "Scopus," "Cochrane," "Web of science," "Lilacs," "ScienceDirect," and "Scielo") and also from the manual searching methods by following the "PRISMA - ScR checklist/guidelines" and the best research practices. Nine (n = 9) studies were finally included for review and critical appraisal. Majority of studies including clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and case-reports reported favorable clinical outcomes (higher survival/retention of 3DP-SMs, higher preference and acceptance (patient friendly) among children/parents, faster and easier fabrication method, higher accuracy in size, shape, better adaptability, etc. Nevertheless, some limitations have been reported. Furthermore, a scarcity of robust evidence pertaining to 3DP-SMs was observed in the current literature.

Background: A major factor influencing the outcome of primary molar pulpotomy is the pulp-dressing material used. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary molar pulpotomies using hyaluronic acid (HA) gel and mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as pulpotomy medicaments at 6 and 12 months follow-up.

Materials and methods: A total of 28 children aged 4-8 years were included. Thirty-two primary molar teeth with deep carious lesions, with no history of spontaneous pain or signs of irreversible pulpitis, were treated by pulpotomy by a single operator using either HA or MTA as the pulp-dressing material. All teeth were restored using glass-ionomer cement, followed by a stainless steel crown. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed at the 3, 6, and 12 months by two independent evaluators. Statistical comparative analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, and Kaplan-Meier plots were synthesized. Statistical significance was determined when P < 0.05 was obtained.

Results: In each group, 15 teeth were analyzed after 12 months. The clinical success rates were 93% and 100%, while the radiographic success rates were 80% and 60% for the MTA and HA groups, respectively. Most radiographic failures in the HA group were seen at the 6th-month follow-up.

Conclusion: HA was comparable to MTA as a pulp-dressing material when evaluated clinically and radiographically at the 3, 6, and 12 months' follow-up.

Background: Salivary carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-containing enzyme that helps to regulate the salivary pH via bicarbonate production.

Aim: The present study aims to determine CA VI concentration and activity in preschool children with white spot lesions (WSLs) and its associated Streptococcus mutans.

Design: The study was performed in forty children aged 3-6 years who were examined using Nyvad's criteria and allocated into two groups: With and without active WSLs. Stimulated saliva samples were collected. The determination of CA VI concentration and activity was performed using an enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay kit, and S. mutans culturing and identification were performed in a microbiology laboratory using the plate counting method. Data were analyzed using Student t-test and simple linear regression.

Results: The results of the study showed that the mean CA VI activity was higher (2.19 ± 0.27 units/nm) and concentration was lower (440.30 ± 64.99 pg/ml) in preschool children with active WSLs. Furthermore, the mean colony-forming units of S. mutans were significantly higher (108.89 ± 8.23) in the WSL group. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Conclusion: Salivary CA VI is a potential biomarker for caries susceptibility in preschool children. They can be used as a caries risk indicator to predict the likelihood of developing new lesions.

Background: Toothbrushing in children depends on factors such as toothbrushing duration, frequency, technique, manual dexterity, and cognitive skills. Higher level of cognitive functions, known as executive functions, is required for effective toothbrushing. These include sustained attention and working memory. Poor oral hygiene and higher prevalence of dental caries are seen in children with neurodevelopmental disorders due to impairment of cognitive skills.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the impact of sustained attention and working memory on toothbrushing efficacy in 9-12-year-old typically developing children.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study included 120 typically developing children aged 9-12 years. Oral health status was recorded using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth index. The sustained attention and working memory were evaluated using d2 test and Corsi block tapping test, respectively. Toothbrushing efficacy was determined by using Turesky modification of Quigley-Hein Plaque Index - difference in mean scores from before and after toothbrushing. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: The sustained attention, working memory, and toothbrushing efficacy increased significantly with age, and an association of sustained attention and working memory was seen with toothbrushing efficacy, irrespective of the child's age, which was reported using Spearman's coefficient (P = 0.000).

Conclusion: Both sustained attention and working memory significantly increased with age, and were significantly associated with higher toothbrushing efficacy in typically developing children.