Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry最新文献

Objectives: Comparative evaluation of indirect pulp therapy (IPT) with silver diamine fluoride (SDF), Type VII glass ionomer cement (GIC), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in young permanent molars.

Materials and methods: This was randomized controlled trial, in which 45 children with 60 young permanent first molars were allocated as; Group A: IPT with SDF, Group B: Type VII GIC, and Group C: Ca(OH)2. Clinical and radiographic evaluation and comparison was done at baseline, 3, 6, 12 months. Data analysis was done using Chi-square test, one way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc analysis test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results: On statistical analysis IPT with SDF showed 88.2%, Type VII GIC showed 94.1% and Ca(OH) 2 showed 88.2% success at 12 months' follow-up. However, intergroup comparison showed no statistical significant difference. The mean dentin bridge formation in SDF was 0.5467 ± 0.08338 mm, Type VII GIC (0.4813 ± 0.06551 mm) and Ca(OH)2 group (0.5 ± 0.07559 mm), which was statistically significant with a P = 0.049.

Conclusions: On comparative evaluation, clinical and radiographic success for IPT with SDF, Type VII GIC and Ca (OH) 2 were comparable. This study also concluded SDF and Type VII GIC can be used as IPT agents in permanent teeth. Dentin bridge formation was more in SDF followed by Ca(OH)2 and Type VII GIC, respectively.

Context: Human milk provides nutrients for newborns, while breastfeeding is preferred, formula feeding can also provide necessary nutrition and after weaning, individuals of all ages frequently drink bovine milk. Bovine and human milk contain lactose as a carbohydrate source, and infant milk formulas are also designed the same. However, lactose is fermentable by Streptococcus mutans, much like sucrose but to a lower extent.

Aim: This study aims to compare the S. mutans biofilm formation, acidogenicity and buffering capacity among human milk, plain packaged bovine milk (PBM), sweetened PBM, and infant formula (IF).

Settings and design: Microbiological assays, experiments on biofilm formation, acidogenicity and buffering capacity were conducted six times.

Subjects and methods: Ten distinct solutions were used: Plain PBM, sweetened bovine milk (SBM), IF, human breast milk (HBM), brain-heart infusion (BHI) with added 10% sucrose (BHI), and five duplicate solutions containing S. mutans culture. Biofilm formation - Biofilm development was evaluated on 96-polystyrene flat bottom plates. Biofilm acidogenicity - pH of the biofilms was determined by dipping in pH meter. Buffering capacity -0.01 M hydrochloric acid was added to every sample until pH reduction of two units was achieved.

Statistical analysis used: One-way ANOVA test, Tukey's post hoc test, independent Student's t-test were performed. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results: SBM had highest optical density (OD) value and HBM least. PBM had the highest pH and SBM least. PBM had highest B value (Buffering) and HBM least.

Conclusion: Cariogenicity of both HBM and PBM were shown to be just marginal although differing from sucrose.

Background: School-based dental screening and referral mechanism is a potential intervention that impacts utilization of dental services.

Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of school dental screening programme with referral to specific dental hospital on caries experience among 6-11-year-old children.

Settings and design: A cluster randomized control trial was conducted with 694 children assigned to test group (n = 351) and control group (n = 343).

Materials and methods: Children in test group were referred to specific dental hospital, while those of control group to nonspecific dental hospital for treatments.

Statistical analysis used: Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparison of decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, extraction needed, filled teeth scores.

Results: A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in decayed (dt + DT) and filled (ft + FT) teeth scores was observed on intergroup comparison at 12 months. There was a significant increase in filled teeth (FT) scores in children of both the groups. However, the decayed teeth (dt + DT) scores were significantly decreased in children of test group (P < 0.001), while increased in control group (P = 0.004).

Conclusion: School dental screening programs with referral to specific dental hospital had a highly significant impact in reducing decayed teeth and increasing the number of FT 27 in children.

Background and aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different endodontic irrigants employed in the lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) technique.

Methods: Forty children aged 4-8 years having at least one primary molar with irreversible pulpitis/pulpal necrosis indicated for pulpectomy were included. Participants were randomly divided into three test groups (Group A, B, and C) and one control group (Group D). After caries excavation using a spoon excavator, superficial pulp was removed under topical anesthesia in all groups. Following this, pulpal floor was irrigated using different endodontic irrigants in each group: Group A - 20% propolis, Group B - 2% sodium hypochlorite, Group C - 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and Group D (control) - saline. Alternate 3-Mix (triple antibiotic paste containing metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin) was then placed over the pulpal floor and the teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement followed by stainless steel crown. Patients were recalled at follow-up periods up to 18 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Repeated-measures ANOVA test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Clinical success was achieved in all treated teeth, with the results showing statistical significance (P < 0.05). In addition, Group C showed best clinical results. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were obtained in reduction in size of furcation radiolucency, with Group B showing the best results compared to other groups. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were obtained in terms of rate of root resorption in all teeth, with Group C showing least resorption compared to other groups.

Conclusions: The use of endodontic irrigant before the placement of alternate 3-Mix is an effective step for the improved success of LSTR technique in primary teeth, with chlorhexidine showing the best success rate.

Context: The oral health-related early childhood quality of life (OH-ECQoL) tool, designed to evaluate how dental issues affect preschoolers' and their family's quality of life (QoL), has been translated and validated in many languages. However, it has not yet been adapted into the Konkani language.

Aim: Cross-cultural adaptation of OH-ECQoL tool for use in the Konkani-speaking population in the state of Goa among primary caregivers of children aged 24-71 months.

Settings and design: This cross-sectional was conducted at Goa Dental College and Hospital.

Subjects and methods: The study was divided into a forward-backward translation phase and a psychometric-testing phase of the Konkani version of OH-ECQoL (K-OH-ECQoL) scale. Two hundred and forty children aged 24-71 months were recruited and clinically examined for dental caries and their caregivers completed the K-OH-ECQoL questionnaire. Reliability was assessed in a subsample of 24 participants after a 2-week interval.

Statistical analysis used: Construct, discriminant, and criterion validity were evaluated. Reliability and internal consistency were measured using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and cross-cultural validity were evaluated.

Results: Concurrent validity showed a strong significant correlation between the global rating of oral health and total K-OH-ECQoL score. Convergent validity demonstrated a moderate positive significant correlation between the items. K-OH-ECQoL scores were significantly associated with the caries severity, indicating a good discriminant validity. Test-retest reliability was 0.86 and internal consistency was 0.873. CFA indicated an acceptable fit. Cross-cultural validity showed very good item discrimination. A moderate correlation was found between CAMBRA-123 scores and overall K-OH-ECQoL score and between CAMBRA-123 scores and child impact section.

Conclusions: The study confirmed that the K-OH-ECQoL is a valid and reliable tool with good psychometric properties for evaluating the impact of early childhood caries on the QoL of preschool children aged 24-71 months and their families.

Purpose: The sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) is a well-regarded tool for assessing pediatric sleep disorders, covering areas such as sleep initiation, breathing issues, and arousal disorders. The SDSC, known for its reliability and validity, has been adapted for various age groups and languages and aligns with the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers classification system. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the SDSC into Malayalam language for use in Kerala, conducting a test with parents from the Trivandrum district.

Materials and methods: The SDSC was translated from English to Malayalam language through a systematic process involving bilingual experts, synthesis, back-translation, and expert review. Cognitive interviews refined the translation, which was then tested for reliability with 103 parents. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, while test-retest reliability was evaluated with Cohen's kappa, utilizing the SPSS version 20 for data analysis.

Results: The translated SDSC showed strong internal consistency, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.827 and domain-specific values between 0.7 and 0.8. Test-retest reliability was high, with correctness above 90% for all items and a Kappa statistics ranging from 0.66 to 0.88.

Conclusion: The SDSC was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Malayalam language, demonstrating strong internal consistency and high test-retest reliability. This indicates that the Malayalam language version of the SDSC is a reliable tool for assessing pediatric sleep disorders among children in Kerala, making it applicable for use in this specific cultural context.

Background: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disability that diminishes social interactions and communication. Maintaining good oral hygiene in them is a significant task.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a toothbrushing visual pedagogy (TBVP) in improving brushing skills, oral hygiene, and gingival status among children with autism.

Materials and methods: This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 200 children with autism, aged 6-17 years. TBVP and conventional oral hygiene instructions were administered as an intervention in the test group (TBVP). The control group (oral health education [OHE]) received conventional oral hygiene instructions. Assessment of toothbrushing skills, plaque, and gingival status were carried out at baseline, 30-, 60-, and 90-days. The data were analyzed using t-tests in SPSS version 26 software at P < 0.05.

Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups in toothbrushing skills, plaque, and gingival scores. Postintervention, there was a significant improvement in the TBVP group compared to the OHE group. At 90 days, the mean toothbrushing scores of TBVP group were significantly higher (22.49 ± 6.70) than the OHE group (18.35 ± 6.82). Plaque scores were significantly lower (1.31 ± 0.48) in the TBVP group than the OHE group (1.47 ± 0.50). Gingival scores were significantly lower (1.38 ± 0.48) in the TBVP group than the OHE group (1.56 ± 0.51) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The TBVP was effective in improving the toothbrushing skills, oral hygiene, and gingival health of the children with autism. Hence, it can be used for behavioural guidance in toothbrushing for these children to maintain their oral hygiene.

Background: Audio-analgesia is one of the unexplored aspects of behavior management in pediatric dentistry, and recently, there have been many new inclusions in shades of noise that were previously just limited to white noise, like brown noise and pink noise.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of white noise, brown noise, and pink noise on dental anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing primary tooth extraction.

Study settings and design: Multiarm, triple-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial.

Materials and method: Forty children belonging to the age group of 8-12 years having their first dental visit with primary teeth indicated for extraction were included in our study. We evenly divided the 40 children into four groups: Group A (white noise), Group B (pink noise), Group C (brown noise), and Group D (cartoon music), which served as the control. We assessed the patient's anxiety using Venham's Picture Test and a pulse oximeter, as well as their pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) both preoperatively and postoperatively. We also noted changes in the patient's pulse after administering local anesthesia.

Results: All groups have shown significant differences in dental anxiety and pain, preoperatively and postoperatively, but pink noise was found to be effective even in maintaining pulse rate intraoperatively.

Conclusion: In pediatric dentistry, audio distraction is an innovative, noninvasive, and effective behavior management technique that can effectively manage dental anxiety in children.

Registration: The Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) has prospectively registered the study under the CTRI number CTRI/2024/01/061679.

Background: Literature on the effectiveness of theory-based oral health education on the oral hygiene status of hearing-impaired children is limited.

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of a school oral health education intervention on oral hygiene status and oral health-related knowledge among 5-18-year-old children in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and methods: A cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted among all institutionalized hearing-impaired children and young adults residing in various special care schools in Nellore district. Plaque Control record, gingival index (GI), and Decayed Missed Filled Teeth/ decayed extracted filled teeth and Decayed Missed Filled surfaces/ decayed extracted filled surfaces (DMFT/deft, and DMFS/defs) index were recorded; participants were selected and were randomly allocated to two groups using lottery method with 50 subjects in each group, Group I: sign language and Group II: video skit.

Results: In all the age groups, preintervention DMFT and postintervention GI, DMFT, and DMFS were statistically significant in the sign language group and in the video skit group. Postintervention DMFS shows a significant difference.

Conclusion: When compared with video instruction skit, sign language shows significant improvement in the oral hygiene status of CHI.