Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry最新文献

Background: Visually impaired children face unique challenges in maintaining oral hygiene, leading to higher risks of gingivitis. Chlorhexidine (CHX), photobiomodulation (PBM), and nanocurcumin offer potential adjunctive therapies, but their comparative efficacy in this population remains unexplored. Hence, the aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of CHX gel, PBM therapy, and oral nanocurcumin in managing gingivitis in visually impaired children.

Methodology: This double-blinded randomized controlled trial included 60 visually impaired children aged 8-14 years with mild to moderate gingivitis. Participants were allocated into three groups (n = 20 each): Group A consisted of CHX gel (0.2%) applied twice daily, Group B with PBM using 980 nm diode laser on days 0 and 7, and Group C by oral nanocurcumin capsules (30 mg daily for 7 days). Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed at baseline, Days 7, 14, and 21. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests.

Results: All groups experienced significant reductions in PI and GI (P < 0.001). Nanocurcumin showed the greatest decreases (PI: 52.5%; GI: 68.6%), followed by PBM (PI: 37.5%; GI: 54.5%) and CHX (PI: 22.7%; GI: 30.9%).

Conclusion: Oral nanocurcumin demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing gingivitis among visually impaired children, offering a promising noninvasive alternative to traditional chemical and mechanical approaches.

The scientific performance and global visibility of the Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry (JISPPD) were evaluated using SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) metrics from 2016 to 2024. The analysis highlights trends in SJR scores, citation counts, self-citation practices, cites per document, authorship gender distribution, and the journal's h-index. JISPPD attained a Q2 status, reflecting improved prestige and influence within pediatric dentistry. The results highlight JISPPD's enduring academic credibility and increasing international impact, driven by responsible citation patterns and a commitment to inclusive authorship.

Background: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) were the first dental restorative materials known for their bioactivity. To enhance their therapeutic potential, antibiotics can be incorporated. L-arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, is recognized for its role as a prebiotic biofilm modifier.

Setting and design: This was an in vitro, laboratory-based experimental study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ion release on the surface morphology of high-viscosity GIC (HVGIC) modified with L-arginine and an antibiotic component.

Materials and methods: Sixty samples were divided into three groups (n = 20): Group 1: HVGIC (control), Group 2: HVGIC + 1.5% w/w (metronidazole + ciprofloxacin), and Group 3: HVGIC + 4% w/w L-arginine. Samples were immersed in artificial saliva. Ion release was measured at 24 h, 7 days, and 21 days using fluoride- and calcium-selective electrodes connected to an ion analyzer. Surface morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) at baseline (day 1) and on day 21.

Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Significant differences in ion release were observed within 24 h, 7 days, and 21 days. A positive correlation was noted between ion release and surface morphology changes across all groups.

Conclusion: The addition of antibiotics and L-arginine to HVGIC altered ion release and surface morphology. This suggests a correlation between ion release and microstructural changes in the material.

Background: Vital pulp therapy is crucial for preserving primary teeth vitality in deep carious lesions. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and biodentine are emerging materials with promising biological and therapeutic outcomes.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical, radiographic, and histological outcomes of SDF and biodentine for indirect pulp therapy in primary molars.

Settings and design: This two-phase study included in vivo clinical and radiographic evaluation (Phase 1) and an ex vivo histological assessment (Phase 2). A split-mouth randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 68 children (4-7 years) with deep carious lesions approaching the pulp in primary molars. A total of 136 teeth were included, forming 68 matched pairs.

Materials and methods: Phase 1: Participants were randomly assigned to Group 1 (SDF - Test, n = 68) and Group 2 (Biodentine - Control, n = 68). Following caries excavation, 38% SDF or biodentine was applied. All treated teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement and evaluated clinically and radiographically at 3, 6, and 9 months. Phase 2: Teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were histologically examined for dentin bridge formation, pulpal inflammation, and tissue integrity.

Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS v23.0. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were applied. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: At 9 months, Group 2 showed higher clinical success (85.3%) than Group 1 (77.9%) (P = 0.035). Radiographic success was greater in Group 2 (83.8%) compared to Group 1 (70.6%) (P = 0.01). Histological findings favored biodentine.

Conclusion: Both materials were effective, but biodentine demonstrated superior clinical and biological outcomes.

Fluoride exposure through drinking water is a public health concern due to its potential neurotoxic effects, particularly in children. Evidence from Indian populations remains fragmented and inconclusive. This study systematically reviewed and synthesized evidence on the association between fluoride exposure and cognitive development in Indian children. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was conducted up to July 2025. Observational studies from India evaluating the relationship between fluoride exposure through drinking water and cognitive outcomes in children aged 0-18 years were included. Eleven studies with over 6000 participants were analyzed. Children exposed to fluoride concentrations greater than 2.0 ppm showed significantly lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, with a pooled effect size of -6.5 IQ points (95% confidence interval: -7.3 to -5.7). Subgroup analyses indicated greater susceptibility in children aged 6-10 years. The evidence revealed substantial heterogeneity and some publication bias. Limitations included the predominance of cross-sectional study designs and variability in exposure measurement and cognitive assessments. Elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced cognitive performance in Indian children. Regional defluoridation strategies and further longitudinal research are urgently warranted. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42023454735.

Objectives: Tooth avulsion is the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket and is a severe traumatic dental injury. Stabilization using splints is essential for healing. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal splint type or duration. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different splinting methods and durations on the outcomes of replanted avulsed permanent teeth in pediatric patients, with the goal of informing evidence-based clinical practice.

Materials and methods: The review protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023414888). A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted. Eligible studies were selected based on the predefined criteria, and data extraction was carried out using a pretested form. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan (Version 5.4) where appropriate, and the GRADE approach was applied to assess the quality of evidence.

Results: From 734 identified records, 7 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 4 in the meta-analysis, encompassing 708 participants and 975 avulsed teeth. Replanted teeth were stabilized with various splint types and durations. While trends supported the use of flexible splints and shorter durations for better periodontal and pulp outcomes, most findings lacked statistical significance. GRADE analysis rated the overall evidence as very low.

Conclusion: Current evidence tentatively supports the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines favoring flexible, short-term splinting, but high-quality research is needed to establish definitive protocols.

Context: Effective local anesthesia is essential in pediatric dentistry, especially during procedures like pulpectomy. While lignocaine with adrenaline is widely used, mepivacaine without a vasoconstrictor offers potential benefits in pediatric patients.

Aims: This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic responses and pain perception associated with 3% mepivacaine (plain) versus 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline in children undergoing pulpectomy.

Settings and design: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry of Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India.

Materials and methods: Fifty children aged 6-13 years with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were randomly assigned to receive either mepivacaine or lignocaine through buccal infiltration. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and intraoperative pain (Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale) were recorded at four time points (preoperatively, 5-, 15-, and 30-min postadministration).

Statistical analysis used: Comparisons within the group over different time points were performed using Friedman's test, while intergroup comparisons at each time point were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. All analyses were conducted with the significance level set at 5%.

Results: The mepivacaine group showed significantly lower HR at T1 (P < 0.0001) and reduced postoperative pain scores (P = 0.0046). SBP and DBP changes were less pronounced compared to lignocaine, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions: Mepivacaine without vasoconstrictor provided effective anesthesia with better hemodynamic stability and pain control, supporting its use as a safe alternative in pediatric endodontics, especially where epinephrine use is undesirable.

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a tool for assessing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) for children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) using a mixed methods approach. Settings and Design: This tool development was done among 304 parents of 6-12-year-old children with NDDs attending the Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Methods: The tool development protocol in the initial stage includes a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. Initial item generation was done using an extensive literature search and qualitative methods, such as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The development process followed the steps as enunciated by Streiner and Norman and also the COSMIN criteria. Statistical Analysis: Reliability statistics, such as test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability, were assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Content, construct, and convergent validity were tested with content validity ratio, exploratory factor analysis, and Spearman correlation coefficient, respectively. Results: An 18-item final tool was developed with 5 factors (OHRQL-NDD tool). The test-retest reliability of the instrument with ICC was 0.922. Internal consistency reliability assessed using Cronbach's alpha measurement was 0.737. The five factors together explained a total variance of 58.20%. Convergent validity by Spearman correlation with another tool measuring similar construct was found to be 0.606. Conclusions: The proposed tool was deemed feasible for assessing the OHRQoL in children with NDDs. The final item pool had adequate test-retest reliability, face validity, content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency reliability.

Background: Dental caries is a global public health concern, with interproximal caries presenting a particular challenge due to their limited accessibility. Fluoride has long been employed in the prevention and management of early-stage carious lesions.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and 5% sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) in arresting interproximal caries in primary molars.

Settings and design: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted following the CONSORT guidelines.

Methods: Children aged 5-9 years with at least two noncavitated interproximal carious lesions (ICCMS stages RA1-RB4) were included. Teeth were randomly assigned to receive either 38% SDF (Group 1) or 5% NaF varnish (Group 2), applied biannually. Caries arrest was assessed radiographically as primary outcome at 6, 9, and 12 months.

Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics summarized the data. Normality was confirmed through the Shapiro-Wilk test, permitting parametric analysis. Paired and unpaired t-tests assessed intra- and inter-group differences, respectively, and Chi-square tests analyzed the categorical variables. A two-tailed α =0.05 and power of 80% were applied.

Results: At the 12-month follow-up, the caries arrest rate was 76.31% in Group 1 and 47.3% in Group 2, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The arrest rates for 38% SDF at RA1, RA2, RA3, and RB4 were 90.9%, 88%, 80%, and 37.5%, respectively, compared to 80%, 60%, 22.2%, and 0% for 5% NaF varnish.

Conclusion: SDF demonstrated greater effectiveness than NaF varnish in arresting interproximal caries in primary molars, particularly in lesions involving dentin.