Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry最新文献

Context: Oral health is shaped by a combination of genetic, dietary, and behavioral factors, with bitterness sensitivity being one genetic trait that may influence oral health behaviors.

Aims: This study aims to explore the link between maternal taste perception and dental caries in both mothers and their preschool-aged children.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 172 mother-child pairs, including children aged 2-3 years. The study employed a convenience sampling method, selecting participants from those visiting the pediatric dentistry outpatient department. Data collected included demographics, caries experience (DMFT/dmft indices), and taste preferences. Maternal bitterness sensitivity was assessed using a 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) test and categorized using the Green Labeled Magnitude Scale into supertasters, medium tasters, and nontasters.

Statistical analysis: A comparative analysis between groups (supertasters, medium tasters, and nontasters) was conducted using analysis of variance. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between the caries experience of mothers and their children. A significance level of P < 0.05 was used for all statistical tests.

Results: Nontaster mothers had significantly higher caries experience than supertasters and medium tasters, and their children similarly showed higher caries rates (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between maternal and child caries experience, while a negative correlation was found with PROP scores. Maternal taste perception was also associated with children's sweet preferences.

Conclusion: Maternal bitterness sensitivity is associated with poorer oral health in both mothers and children, influencing caries experience and sweet preferences.

Abstract: Does the use of mouthguards (MGs) effectively prevent dentofacial injuries in athletes? Research Protocol: An umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses was conducted. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews guidelines, and the AMSTAR 2 tool was used for methodological quality assessment. A comprehensive search was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and gray literature sources. Hand searches of references from key journals and SRs were also performed. Studies focusing on nonorofacial trauma, protective equipment other than MGs, and non-English publications were excluded. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study demographics, participant characteristics, intervention details, and reported outcomes. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion. The Corrected Covered Area Index was used to assess the overlap among SRs. The AMSTAR 2 tool was applied to evaluate the methodological quality of the included reviews, focusing on factors such as risk of bias, data synthesis methods, and transparency of reporting. Out of 466 records, nine SRs met the inclusion criteria. MGs significantly reduced dentofacial injuries, particularly avulsions and fractures, with custom-made MGs offering superior protection and comfort. The impact of MGs on athletic performance showed mixed results, with some evidence suggesting improved occlusion and neuromuscular alignment. However, methodological variability and low-quality evidence in several reviews limited the strength of these findings. MGs, especially custom-made designs, are effective in orofacial injury prevention and may have potential performance benefits. The study recommends mandatory MG use policies and athlete education to enhance compliance and safety. Further high-quality research is needed to optimize MG design and address existing evidence gaps.

Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP), affecting 1 in 700-1000 live births, cause feeding difficulties in neonates due to oronasal communication, requiring feeding plates. Traditional impression methods risk material aspiration and distortion.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the efficacy of digital impressions for recording CLP anatomical details in neonates.

Setting and design: Conducted as a single-center, open, parallel-arm, single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial over 18 months, the study involved healthy, nonsyndromic neonates aged 1-15 days with Veau's class III CLP.

Materials and methods: A total of 32 neonates were randomly allocated to either the tray impression group or the DIT group. The accuracy of the impression and adaptation of the feeding plate is evaluated.

Statistical analysis: The independent t-test was used to compare the accuracy of anatomical details recorded by digital and tray impression techniques in CLP neonates. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons of sulcus, ridge, and palate deviation on the right and left sides were analyzed using an independent t-test based on software superimposition of the feeding plate and maxillary cleft arch.

Results: The anteroposterior length of the cleft and sulcus depth middle region of CLP exhibited significant differences (P = 0.001 and P = 0.032, respectively) between the groups. Furthermore, Group 1 displayed notably higher values in the sulcus, ridge, and palate point deviation measurements during software superimposition.

Conclusion: Surface detailing, impression accuracy, and feeding plate adaption were all shown to be outstanding with DIT, in addition to its benefits as the safest and simplest impression technique.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is episodes of recurrent, sleep-related partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway, which is accompanied by a decrease in oxygen saturation. The prevalence of sleep apnea is high, and significant adverse effects are associated with this. Hence, the current study assessed the prevalence of sleep apnea in Rajanagaram Mandal.

Methodology: A sample of 1289 children aged 6-12 years was selected from the primary schools of Rajanagaram Mandal. Validated screening questionnaires, including the FAIREST and BEARS tools, were used to assess the presence and severity of OSA. BEARS questionnaire contained five preformed questions, and the FAIREST questionnaire had six red flags that were evaluated. The cases were classified as mild, moderate, and severe. Using the Chi-square test, inferential statistics were obtained.

Results: A prevalence of about 5.7% was observed among the 1289 children. Among those who were diagnosed with sleep apnea, 46 members had mild, 23 members had moderate, and four members had severe OSA.

Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep apnea in the Rajanagaram Mandal is 5.7%, which highlights the need for increased awareness and intervention for this condition. Further research is needed to explore the underlying factors and correlations in greater depth to improve the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea.

Background: Dental anxiety is one of the most common problems associated with children, as observed in the dental office. Dental treatments for children are focused on patient comfort and anxiety reduction in clinical settings employing behavior guidance strategies.

Aim: To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of three different behavioral modification techniques (video modeling, mobile apps, and animated videos) in alleviating dental anxiety in children.

Methodology: A total of 90 children aged 5-10 years were randomly divided into three groups, Group 1: Video modeling, Group 2: Animated videos (Roogies), and Group 3: Smartphone dental app (Little Lovely Dentist). Later, all children underwent noninvasive dental procedures, including oral prophylaxis, restorations, and sealant application. Children's anxiety was assessed objectively through pulse rates and subjectively using an RMS pictorial scale at three intervals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, with P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.

Results: There was a significant reduction in anxiety scores among all children. In the intergroup comparison, there was a statistically significant differences in pulse rates and RMS scores between the three groups before, during, and after dental treatment (P < 0.05). Intragroup comparisons showed significant differences in pulse rates and anxiety scores in groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05), while RMS scores showed significant differences in all groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Children with dental anxiety can benefit from behavior guidance techniques such as video modeling, Roogies, and the Little Lovely Dentist app. The Little Lovely Dentist app was found to be an effective method for alleviating dental anxiety during noninvasive dental procedures.

Context: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) to permanent teeth are a significant public health concern due to their high prevalence and detrimental impact on a child's overall development. In addition to physical distress, TDI can cause social and emotional disturbances leading to long-term challenges. Hence, TDI impact cannot be underestimated.

Aims: The aim is to measure the impact of TDI on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) using the Adolescent Oro-Dental Trauma Impact Index (AODTII) among 8-12 year-old school children of Goa.

Settings and design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 8-12 year-old school children of Goa.

Materials and methods: Multistage cluster sampling was carried out in 8-12 year-old school children of Goa. Random selection of one school per Taluka (12 Talukas) was done. A convenience sample of 202 children with a history of TDI from these selected schools was drawn and oral examination was carried out. The validated AODTI Index questionnaire was used to measure self-reported OHRQoL.

Statistical analysis: Descriptive data were depicted as frequencies and percentages. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to obtain the impact significance of treated versus the nontreated TDIs and Independent sample t-test was used to compare the composite scores among treated and nontreated groups.

Results: Among 202 sample children with TDI, 15.8% (32 children) had a significant impact on OHRQoL.

Conclusions: The study highlights the profound and multifaceted impact of TDI on young children, consequently influencing their overall development. AODTII Index serves as a simple, reliable, and feasible instrument for evaluating TDI impact on OHRQoL.

Background: Communication is fundamental in pediatric dentistry, particularly when treating children with special healthcare needs such as hearing impairments. Sign language can serve as a vital tool for effective communication, yet its awareness and use among pediatric dental professionals remain unclear.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of sign language among pediatric dental postgraduates and practicing pedodontists, including academicians.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 250 pediatric dental professionals, of which 206 responded. A structured and pretested questionnaire comprising 17 multiple-choice questions was distributed through Google Forms. It assessed demographic details, prior exposure to hearing-impaired patients, knowledge and familiarity with sign language and dental-specific signs, and participants' perspectives on integrating sign language into dental practice. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.

Results: While 95.6% of respondents acknowledged the importance of communication in dental care, only 11.7% reported familiarity with sign language. Recognition of key hand signs such as "pain" and "rinse/suction my mouth" was notably low, with 73.8% and 66% nonrecognition rates, respectively. Most participants (69.3%) rated their ability to manage hearing-impaired children as poor to fair. Notably, 88.8% expressed a willingness to learn sign language, and a majority recommended its inclusion in dental curricula.

Conclusion: There exists a significant gap in the awareness and use of sign language in pediatric dentistry. Incorporating sign language training into dental education and continuing professional development may enhance communication, promote inclusivity, and improve treatment outcomes for hearing-impaired children.

Aim: The aim of the systematic review was to evaluate the percentage prevalence of accessory canals in furcation area of primary molar teeth.

Methodology: Data search was conducted by two independent investigators on online databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Semantic Scholar, and then data extraction was done as table under the specific headings. Out of 11 identified studies, 5 were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. MedCalc tool was used for meta-analysis of the data. Forest plots were made for meta-analysis and I2 statistics were used for measuring heterogeneity. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUIN Tool.

Results: Of the six studies included, 285 teeth were analyzed for the prevalence of accessory canals. Using random effects model (REM) analysis, the estimated pooled prevalence was 68% (95% confidence interval [CI] 56.57-78.60) with heterogeneity of 76%. Two subgroup meta-analyses was carried out. Using fixed effects model (FEM) analysis, the method for evaluating prevalence according to scanning electron microscopy was 59.4% (95% CI 51.96-66.60) with heterogeneity of 47%; using fixed effect model (REM) analysis, the method for evaluating prevalence according to light microscopy was 71.07% (95% CI 59.19-81.16) with heterogeneity of 39%. There was moderate risk of bias across studies.

Conclusion: Prevalence percentage of accessory canals in furcation area was 68% when measured at external furcation area. Evidence was of low quality with high heterogeneity. This suggests the possible contribution of furcation area and its treatment in endodontic treatment of primary molars.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a simplified version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) by evaluating expert consensus on content validity and factorial alignment. The primary goal was to retain essential items while ensuring practicality for clinical and research use in pediatric populations, especially in dentistry.

Methodology: A panel of experts assessed 26 SDSC items using various psychometric measures, including Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Factorial Validity Index (FVI), Inter-rater Agreement (IRA), and Fleiss' Kappa. Items were evaluated for relevance, clarity, and alignment with theoretical domains. The items that demonstrated strong validity, expert agreement, and alignment were retained, while those with lower scores or cross-domain overlaps were considered for exclusion.

Results: The analysis revealed high content validity, with most items achieving CVR and I-CVI values above the acceptable thresholds. The FVI indicated strong factorial validity across all domains, with no major discrepancies in domain assignments. IRA and Fleiss' Kappa further confirmed the consistency of expert ratings. A simplified version of the SDSC was developed, retaining core items addressing sleep latency, night awakenings, breathing disturbances, and daytime somnolence.

Conclusion: This study provides a refined version of the SDSC with improved psychometric properties, suitable for pediatric dentistry applications. The simplified tool ensures that relevant sleep disturbances are effectively captured, offering a practical screening tool for clinicians in both pediatric and dental settings. The findings underline the importance of expert consensus in developing valid and reliable tools for the assessment of pediatric sleep disorders.