Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry最新文献

Background: Successful endodontic therapy in primary teeth relies on effective microbial control. Although conventional irrigants are effective, they pose risks such as cytotoxicity, unpleasant taste, and tissue irritation. Herbal alternatives offer a safer, biocompatible option, especially suitable for children.

Aims: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of a sequential herbal irrigation protocol with a conventional irrigation protocol in the endodontic treatment of primary teeth.

Materials and methods: It is a split-mouth, double-blind, and randomized controlled trial that included 15 pediatric patients aged 4-8 years with bilateral primary molars indicated for pulpectomy. Group I received conventional irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 2% chlorhexidine. Group II underwent sequential herbal irrigation using ethanolic extracts of 12.5% Salvadora persica (Miswak), 20% Azadirachta indica (Neem), 2% tea tree oil, and 10% phytic acid. Pre and postirrigation microbial samples were collected and cultured to quantify Enterococcus faecalis and Prevotella intermedia. Statistical analysis used paired t-tests for intragroup comparisons and one-way analysis of variance for intergroup differences, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: Both groups showed significant microbial reduction (P < 0.0001). Group I had 90.54% and 87.6% reductions in E. faecalis and P. intermedia, respectively, while Group II achieved 92.2% and 90.54%. Herbal irrigation showed significantly greater E. faecalis reduction (P = 0.025), but P. intermedia reduction was not significant (P = 0.384).

Conclusions: The sequential herbal irrigation protocol showed comparable antimicrobial efficacy to conventional agents, with added benefits of safety, biocompatibility, and reduced cytotoxicity, making it a promising natural alternative in pediatric endodontics.

Introduction: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of enamel of systemic origin that leads to the formation of weak enamel prone to decay and enamel breakdown. This condition is associated with functional, esthetic, and psychological problems for children affecting their oral health-related quality of life.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MIH among 8-10-year-old children in Ludhiana city.

Materials and methods: A total of 1834 children aged 8-10 years were randomly selected from the government and private schools across the city. A single trained and calibrated examiner conducted oral examination in school using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria to record the characteristics of MIH in children.

Results: The pooled prevalence rate of MIH was 7.2% in Ludhiana city. The most prevalent clinical manifestation of MIH was yellow-brown demarcated opacities, followed by white-creamy opacities, posteruptive enamel breakdown, and atypical caries. Anterior teeth mostly showed mild defects affecting esthetics, while posterior teeth exhibited severe forms affecting function. Severity increased with the extent of surface involvement.

Conclusion: Given the relatively high prevalence of MIH and its impact on oral health, including increased caries susceptibility, challenging management, and a diminished quality of life, this study recommends that clinicians be vigilant in the early identification and management of MIH.

Background: In today's era of social media, several YouTube videos are available on the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in children. However, the content needs to be evaluated critically so that parents/caregivers and general dentists know the accurate and reliable information about this caries preventive agent.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and content of YouTube videos about the use of SDF for parents/caregivers and general dentists.

Methods: A systematic YouTube™ search was conducted using the keywords "SDF, pediatric dentists, children, dental caries" with the filter set to "sort by relevance." The selected videos were evaluated in terms of content and quality using a customized five-point scale and Modified Global Quality Score. The accuracy and reliability of the videos were assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria. Metrics recorded included number of views, duration, days since upload, comments, likes, dislikes, interaction index, and viewing rate. Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, and correlation coefficient were employed for the analysis of the quantitative variables.

Results: Out of 200 videos initially retrieved, 66 videos were selected for final analysis. Most of the videos (53, 83.3%) were uploaded by pediatric dentists/dentists. The median total content score was 3 (interquartile range = 3) with 23 (35%) scored as high and 43 (65%) as low-content score. Overall, only 13 (20%) videos were completely reliable as per the JAMA criteria and 14 (21.2%) videos were graded as the high-quality videos.

Conclusions: The analysis revealed a lack of high-quality, reliable information on SDF for educating the parents and caregivers. Improved content quality is needed to inform parents/caregivers and general dentists about SDF's benefits and limitations.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the extent of tooth structure preservation, efficacy of canal orifice identification, and procedural time during access cavity preparation in primary molars indicated for pulpectomy using three different visualization techniques: the naked eye, surgical loupes, and the dental operating microscope (DOM).

Methods: Forty-five children aged 5-8 years who required pulpectomy and met the inclusion criteria (CTRI/2023/05/067642) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15 each) based on the visualization modality employed. Standardized access cavity preparations were performed under different magnifications. Postoperative images of the access cavities were obtained using a DOM and analyzed using ImageJ® software to quantify the conservation of the tooth structure. The number of canal orifices identified and the total treatment time were documented for each case. Statistical analyses were conducted using one way analysis of variance, Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference, and Chi square tests.

Results: Access cavity preparations performed under DOM demonstrated significantly greater conservation of tooth structure (P = 0.002) and the highest canal orifice detection rate. However, procedures performed under surgical loupes required the least amount of time (mean: 352.7 seconds). Conventional visualization is associated with more substantial structural loss and lower diagnostic precision.

Conclusion: Magnification-assisted endodontics significantly improves the precision of access cavity preparation. While the DOM offers optimal dentin conservation and enhanced canal orifice detection, surgical loupes strike a balance between improved visualization and procedural efficiency. The integration of magnification tools in pediatric endodontics will surely enhance clinical outcomes, although practical considerations such as cost, training, and operator adaptability must be acknowledged.

Background: Human growth is influenced by hormones, genes, and environment. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can disrupt normal growth in children due to chronic hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of metabolic on insulin-dependent T1DM using general growth parameters and dental maturation in prepubertal age group of T1DM children.

Materials and methods: T1DM children aged 7-14 years (total 30 patients) were divided into controlled and uncontrolled T1DM groups based on their glycosylated hemoglobin values. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and dental age (using Nolla's method from orthopantomogram) were recorded. Independent and paired t-tests, along with Pearson's correlation, were used (significance set at P ≤ 0.05).

Results: Regardless of metabolic control, T1DM children showed less values in all growth parameters. Mean height difference of 8.58 ± 6.58 in the uncontrolled group was found statistically significant (P < 0.001). Mean weight difference of 4.68 ± 3.28 and mean BMI difference of 0.94 ± 1.56 showed a statistically significant value (P < 0.001 for weight and 0.035 for BMI) in the controlled group. Dental maturation mean difference of 0.43 ± 0.6 in the controlled group and 0.47 ± 0.7 in the uncontrolled group with statistical significance in both the groups. Both the groups showed a statistically significant value, (P = 0.014) in.

Conclusion: Long-standing T1DM can delay height, weight, BMI, and dental maturation, regardless of metabolic control. Although prepubertal delays may normalize by puberty, this study found greater growth impairment in uncontrolled cases, with dental maturation delayed in both the groups.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess Mothers' demographic factors, sense of coherence (SOC), and social support (SS) as predictors of child's oral health behavior and dental caries.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 186 children aged 1-5 years and their mothers. Mother's SOC and SS were assessed using SOC scale and the multidimensional perceived scale of SS, respectively. The outcome variables, such as child oral health behavior and child dentition status, were assessed.

Results: Mothers' education status (r = -0.204, P = 0.005) and the comprehensibility domain (r = -0.169, P = 0.021) of SOC were significantly negatively correlated with child's dental caries status. The child's dental caries prevalence among this sample was 32.2% (n = 60) with a mean score of 0.8 ± 1.4 and has majorly contributed to the total dmft score (35.5%, n = 66). The total mean dmft score was 0.8 ± 1.5. On the other hand, mothers' demographic variables, SS, and all the domains of SOC were significantly correlated with child's oral health behavior (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: A significant correlation was found between mothers' education, occupation, SS, SOC, and child oral health behavior. However, mothers' education and comprehensibility domain of the SOC scale showed an inverse correlation with the dental caries status of the child.

Context: The primary teeth's unique histological properties and interactions with the oral cavity pose a challenge in treatment, unlike the permanent teeth. A repaired natural tooth maintains space better than an artificial one. These factors lead to a greater emphasis on saving the tooth by pulpectomy involving effective chemical cleaning and disinfection of canals than on meticulous mechanical canal shaping. As chemically available irrigants show cytotoxic effects, hence herbal-based irrigants are being considered viable options.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to compare and assess the antimicrobial effect of 2.4% Curcuma longa extract, 25% aqueous propolis, and 2% chlorhexidine in deciduous teeth.

Materials and methods: Forty eight subjects in age range of 4-7 years were allocated equally into four groups - Group I: saline (Negative control), Group II: 2% chlorhexidine (Positive control), Group III: 2.4% Curcuma longa, and Group IV: 25% aqueous propolis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Isolation was achieved using a rubber dam. Pre and postirrigation samples were collected using sterile absorbent paper points and transferred to a test tube containing brain heart infusion. The pre and postirrigation samples were sent for microbial assay. Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated using standard microbiological methods, and serial dilution method was done to determine the pre and post irrigation colony counts. The plates were duplicated and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The preirrigation and post irrigation colony count samples with different irrigants were counted and compared.

Statistical analysis: For the saline paired t-test was used to compare the pre- and postirrigation values, and for 2% chlorhexidine, 2.4% curcuma longa, and 25% aqueous extract of propolis groups. The Wilcoxon matched signed rank test was used to compare pre- and post-irrigation bacterial counts. To compare the mean change in bacterial colony counts ANOVA test was done.

Results: S. mutans and E. faecalis were the most commonly isolated microorganisms. There was no statistical significant difference between saline, 2% chlorhexidine, 2.4% curcuma longa, and 25% aqueous extract of propolis.

Conclusion: The micro-organisms prevalent in primary teeth with necrosis included S. mutans and E. faecalis. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing done with the serial dilution method showed that herbal irrigants such as 2.4% Curcuma longa extract and propolis were equally effective as 2% chlorhexidine.

Background: Humans think and act naturally. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots such as ChatGPT are improving health information and service usability. Dental professionals and patients use chatbots regularly. Dental patients and staff can use chatbots for queries and difficulties. This study examined the clarity, comprehensiveness, correctness, and memory of maternally posed questions about primary tooth eruption.

Aim: This study evaluates ChatGPT's ability to help parents with primary tooth eruption questions.

Materials and methodology: The study was a survey with 17 questions and ChatGPT was questioned as an imaginary mother. ChatGPT answers were copied and a Google survey form was created. The Likert scale was used to collect responses from 20 pediatric dentists once the survey form was validated. Statistics were used to analyze the responses.

Results: Likert scale responses were categorized as "adequate and acceptable" with values ≥4 and "inadequate" with scores ≤3. Responses were overwhelmingly positive, with 75% rating 4 or 5 stars.

Conclusion: ChatGPT accurately provided information on teething symptoms, first dental appointment, gum cleaning, and eruption order.

Context: Research on the frequency and contributing factors of enamel developmental abnormalities in children in Kerala is scarce. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enamel defects among 12-15-year-old children in outpatients visiting Government Dental College, Kozhikode, and to correlate their association with prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors.

Settings and design: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey among 1110 children aged 12-15 years by a single examiner. Subjects and Methods: Enamel defects and dental caries were recorded using the Modified developmental defects of enamel (DDE) Index and Decayed, Missed, and Filled teeth Index, respectively. The parents of the children were interviewed with a validated structured questionnaire.

Statistical analysis used: The data analysis was performed using SPSS software 25.0, which included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and unpaired t-test.

Results: The overall prevalence of DDE was found to be 20.7%, with a significantly higher frequency among male and urban participants. The types of defects were demarcated opacity (9.9%), hypoplastic (4.8%), diffuse (3.1%), demarcated and diffuse (1.4%), demarcated and hypoplastic type (0.8%), diffuse and hypoplastic (0.5%), and the combination of all (0.3%). The association between DDE and the maternal age, low birth weight, premature birth, childhood illness, systemic infection, and traumatic infection to a predecessor was significant.

Conclusions: There are observable developmental enamel defects in Kerala's Kozhikode region. Several factors were revealed to be strongly linked with those anomalies.

Background: Children's sleep disturbances are not well understood, especially in the community settings where access to specialized care is limited. Although thorough, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) might be too difficult for frontline healthcare providers to administer. The purpose of this study was to develop LEKSHIA-SDSC, a streamlined and culturally appropriate 10-item version of the SDSC, available in both English and Malayalam, and specifically designed for use by Indian community health workers.

Methodology: A two-phase modification process was carried out building on the SDSC's previously established factorial structure, interrater reliability, and content validity. Expert-guided item reduction, literacy-focused rewording, and behavioral observability-based resequencing (from sleep onset to daytime symptoms) were all carried out in Phase I. In Phase II, the previously created Malayalam version of the SDSC was adapted for the shortened tool. As the original translation had undergone forward-backward translation, expert review, and cognitive debriefing, only minimal rewording of two items was required based on fresh caregiver feedback to improve clarity and contextual fit.

Results: The final LEKSHIA-SDSC tool has 10 streamlined items with a 4-point Likert scale (0-3), resulting in a score range of 0-30. The definitions of risk thresholds were changed to 0-8 (low risk), 9-15 (mild risk), and ≥ 16 (high risk). Strong prior content validity (item-level content validity index ≥0.78) and high inter-rater agreement (Kappa > 0.85) were demonstrated by the items that were kept. Caregivers' comments affirmed the tool's usability and suitability for low-literacy environments.

Conclusion: LEKSHIA-SDSC is a simple and culturally appropriate pediatric sleep screening instrument that can be incorporated into regular community health screening initiatives.