Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry最新文献

Context: The quality of care revolves around patient satisfaction, which is of paramount importance in remote resource-limited areas like Andaman and Nicobar Islands, especially when tertiary level of dental services is being catered by only one medical college.

Aims: This study aimed to determine patient satisfaction and quality of dental care at a tertiary care government hospital in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and to identify factors influencing patient satisfaction with end objective to propose recommendations.

Settings and design: This study was conducted in Dental Outpatient Department (OPD) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences.

Subjects and methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study in which 100 patients attending the Dental OPD, volunteered to participate in the study and completed a pretested pre-validated self-administered questionnaire.

Statistical analysis used: Data were analyzed using Jamovi. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the level of satisfaction and quality of care and spearmen rho to assess correlation.

Results: Overall, the patients are satisfied with the dental care services provided in the hospital. Highest satisfaction (98%) was noted with the clinic cleanliness, ventilation, and maintenance (98%), followed by dentists' performance and availability of dental materials and instruments (97%). Patients were least satisfied with the waiting time.

Conclusions: Most of the patients were satisfied with dental care services in the tertiary care hospital. Additional improvements regarding the waiting time and physical appearance of the dental centers are needed. In addition, interventions regarding accessibility, particularly when booking an appointment, are required.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a specially designed dentistry modelling story on dental anxiety and managing behavior among children of industrial workers.

Materials and methods: Two hundred and ten children of age 6-8 years, at their first dental visit, were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: Intervention group - Group A (n = 105) who received a specially designed dentistry modeling story followed by Tell, Show, Do (TSD) technique of behavior guidance; and control group - Group B (n = 105) who received a folk story, not related to dentistry and TSD. Situational anxiety for the children was assessed using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale-face version (MCDAS-f) before and after storytelling. Single session of identical dental treatment was provided to the two groups, which included dental and radiographic examination followed by restorative treatment in any one tooth. Child's behavior during the dental procedure was assessed using Frankl Behavior Rating Scale. After completion of treatment, parents were asked for their preference of the behavior management method used.

Results: Children in both the groups showed a significant reduction in anxiety after storytelling (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the anxiety and behavior of the children between the two groups (P > 0.05). Dentistry modeling story received significantly higher preference as compared to folk story by the parents (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Both dentistry modeling story and folk story can be effective, inexpensive methods, to reduce short-term dental anxiety.

Background: A study was conducted to analyze the stress distribution of masticatory forces on Zirconia (Kids e), Bioflx (Kids e), and experimental Graphene crowns in primary mandibular molars using finite element analysis (FEA). The research aimed to assess the comparative performance of these materials to better understand their suitability for dental applications.

Settings and design: This was an in vitro study conducted using FEA models developed from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of primary mandibular second molars. The study compared stress distribution on three crown materials: Zirconia, Bioflx, and experimental Graphene.

Methodology: Virtual geometry models (VGMs) of primary second molars, each restored with a Bioflx crown, Graphene crown, and Zirconia crown, were created using CBCT images. The images were processed using specialized software to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of the dentoalveolar structures. These VGMs were then used to perform FEA to evaluate stress distribution under simulated masticatory forces. The crown materials were compared for stress levels.

Results: Zirconia crowns exhibited the lowest stress values (368.3 MPa), followed by Bioflx crowns (520.92 MPa) and Graphene crowns (555.69 MPa) showing the highest stress levels. The study also found that glass ionomer cement (GIC) type I posed a higher risk of fracture in Graphene crowns, with a stress value of 130.83 MPa.

Conclusions: Zirconia crowns demonstrated superior stress resistance under masticatory forces compared to Bioflx and Graphene crowns in primary mandibular second molars. However, the use of GIC type I with Graphene crowns may increase the risk of fracture, suggesting that material selection and luting agents need careful consideration in clinical practice.

Background: The best treatment for an avulsed tooth is immediate replantation. If this is not possible, an efficient storage medium is required for the maintenance of the viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Various synthetic and natural solutions are used as storage media for avulsed teeth. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of St. Thomas cardioplegia solution, Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), and normal saline in maintaining the periodontal cell viability of avulsed teeth.

Materials and methods: Fifty-nine mature premolars extracted for orthodontic therapeutic purposes were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the storage medium: St. Thomas Cardioplegia Solution, HBSS, saline, positive control, and negative control. After extraction, the teeth were placed in the storage medium for 45 min and then the scrapings of the PDL were collected in falcon tubes containing collagenase enzyme in 2.5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline, incubated for 30 min, and centrifuged for 5 min at 800 rpm. The acquired PDL cells have been stained with 0.4% trypan blue stain and observed under a light microscope.

Results: Results were statistically analyzed using the One-way ANOVA test (P ≤ 0.05) and a pairwise comparison of viable PDL cells was done using the post hoc Tukey test. The maximum number of viable PDL cells were found in HBSS, followed by St. Thomas cardioplegia solution and normal saline.

Conclusion: The St. Thomas cardioplegia solution can be advocated as an alternative storage medium for avulsed teeth based on its efficacy in maintaining viable PDL cells.

Background: Crown dimensions of teeth have been positively correlated with stature and gender. These odontometric values can aid significantly in the forensic identification of individuals in case of mass disasters as teeth are the least affected structures during such calamities. There is a dearth of studies investigating crown dimensions as a tool in forensic identification, especially in the pediatric population.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between stature, gender, and crown dimensions (occlusogingival [OG] height and mesiodistal [MD] width) in a pediatric population and to derive mathematical equations to predict stature and gender using these crown dimensions.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1057 South Indian children in the age group of 3-6 years. Impressions of the maxillary dentition were made, and casts were obtained. A Vernier caliper was used to measure the OG height and MD width of teeth 51, 52, 53, 61, 62, and 63. A measuring tape was used to measure the stature of the children, and the gender was noted. These data were subjected to statistical analysis to obtain the results.

Results: Male children had a significantly higher mean MD width and OG height with respect to teeth 52, 53, and 62. A statistically significant positive correlation was seen in teeth 62 between stature and crown dimensions indicating an increase in stature with an increase in these crown dimensions.

Conclusions: A positive correlation was affirmed between the crown dimensions of teeth 52, 53, and 62, stature and gender of the children. Mathematical equations were also successfully derived using these crown dimensions to predict the stature and gender of children.

Context: There is a decreased quality of oral health among tribal communities as well as a paucity of research in this field. Their poor accessibility to dental resources results in an increased prevalence of dental diseases in them.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among the tribal children in Noolpuzha panchayath of Wayanad district of Kerala state.

Settings and design: This was a cross-sectional survey among 1158 children aged 5-15 years of tribal communities by a single examiner.

Subjects and methods: The oral health status was determined using a modified WHO Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 for children. The caries status was assessed using decayed, missing and filled (dmf) and Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMF) and the gingival condition using the Modified Gingival Index. The subjects were interviewed with a validated WHO Oral Health Questionnaire 2013 for children.

Statistical analysis used: SPSS software 25.0 was employed to analyze the data. The data analysis includes descriptive statistics, Chi-square test for qualitative variables, t-test/analysis of variance test, and post hoc tests for comparing quantitative variables between the subgroups.

Results: The mean DMF Teeth (DMFT) and dmft value was 0.72 ± 1.3 and 1.85 ± 2.7, respectively. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe gingivitis was found to be 54.9%, 23.3%, and 2.8%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of gingivitis of 81%. Among the subjects, 9.6% had enamel hypoplasia, 5.4% had traumatic dental injuries, 5.2% had oral mucosal lesions, and 21.1% had oral habits. The children with tobacco smoking and tobacco chewing habits were 1.5% and 15.7%, respectively. The dental treatment need was 82.8%.

Conclusions: The present study revealed a high treatment need for the tribal community, with a relatively higher prevalence of gingivitis and noticeable number of dental caries, oral lesions, traumatic dental injuries, enamel hypoplasia, sugar consumption, and tobacco smoking/tobacco chewing habits.

Context: Most prevalence studies on molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) have been carried out in European countries. Especially in Gujarat, there is a dearth of studies regarding MIH.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MIH in children aged 7-11 years residing in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.

Settings and design: A cross-sectional survey including 1505 children of age 7-11 year residing in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. Children with all first permanent molars (FPMs) present and with consent were included in the study. Children with missing either molar or incisor and children absent on examination were excluded.

Subjects and methods: A full-mouth oral examination (using regular tap water gargles) including all permanent incisors and all FPMs was done under the natural daylight, and the scores were recorded as per the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria of MIH given by Weerheijm in 2003.

Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (IBM Corp) (v. 21.0). Chi-square test of proportion was performed to assess significant differences. All statistical tests were performed at 95% confidence intervals. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Prevalence of MIH was found 2.45% in Bhavnagar. Females (59.5%) were more affected than males (40.5%). Odds ratio of occurrence of MIH in children of Bhavnagar city among teeth with and without MIH was 27.61%.

Conclusions: The prevalence of MIH in Bhavnagar was 2.45% according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria of MIH by Weerheijm given in 2003.

Context: Growth and development in children are influenced by various factors, including genetic, environmental, and nutritional aspects. Assessing a child's development is critical for pediatric care, particularly in understanding their dental, skeletal, and chronological maturity. While dental age and skeletal maturity are established indicators of growth, the role of body mass index (BMI) in these developmental parameters requires further exploration.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship between BMI, dental age, chronological age, and skeletal maturity in children aged 6-12 years in Pune, India.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 250 panoramic radiographs from 128 boys to 122 girls. Dental age was assessed using the Demirjian method, while skeletal maturity was evaluated using the cervical vertebrae maturity method. BMI was calculated following World Health Organization guidelines for the Asian population. Statistical analyses, including Pearson's correlation and the unpaired t-test, were performed to evaluate associations between the variables.

Results: A significant positive correlation was found between dental age and chronological age (R = 0.897 for girls, R = 0.882 for boys) and dental age and skeletal maturity (R = 0.738 for girls, R = 0.715 for boys). A moderate positive correlation was observed between BMI and dental age (R = 0.613 for girls, R = 0.463 for boys) and chronological age (R = 0.602 for girls, R = 0.456 for boys).

Conclusions: Dental age is a reliable marker for chronological age, and skeletal maturation aligns closely with chronological age. While BMI appears to be weakly correlated with skeletal and dental growth, further research is necessary to fully understand its impact.

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant global health concern, particularly in areas like India with limited dental care. Maternal perinatal practices are crucial for infant oral health and caries prevention. This study assessed infant oral health knowledge among pregnant women in Mangalore, India, exploring the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of 180 pregnant women assessed infant oral health knowledge using a prevalidated questionnaire covering various aspects of infant oral health care. Data were collected by a trained investigator. Descriptive and inferential (t-test, analysis of variance, Tukey's) statistical analysis was done with a 0.05 significance level. Knowledge scores were calculated and categorized as poor, fair, or good.

Results: Majority of the participants were aged 25-30 years (62.8%), from joint families (70.6%) and belonged to the middle class (50%). Parity varied (46.1% primiparous, 37.2% secundigravida, 16.7% multiparous), and most women had undergraduate degrees (63.3%). Overall knowledge was poor (mean score 10.24/36). Parity significantly influenced knowledge regarding infant oral health care (P = 0.049), but family structure, education, and socioeconomic status showed no significant associations.

Conclusion: This study found that parity was a significant predictor of maternal infant oral health knowledge, while socioeconomic status, education, and family structure were not significantly associated with knowledge levels. The low overall knowledge underscores the critical need for targeted interventions to improve maternal understanding of infant oral health and ultimately reduce the burden of ECCs. Further research is needed to explore and analyze the underlying factors contributing to this persistent knowledge deficit.

Context: Dental implants for children are a new treatment modality. Dental implants in children restore function, preserve the alveolar bone, and give excellent esthetics, restoring the child's confidence and social acceptability.

Aim: Knowledge and attitude toward dental implants for children among dental undergraduates, graduates, and postgraduates.

Settings and design: This was a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire study.

Methodology: The Google Form link was circulated among various social media platforms. The responses were obtained through Google Forms. This survey focused on demographic data-, knowledge-, and attitude-based questions.

Statistical analysis: The data obtained was compiled into a Microsoft Excel document and the analysis was done using IBM SPSS for Windows version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). Chi-square test was used to compare the responses based on educational qualification and clinical experience among study participants. Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's post hoc test was used to assess mean knowledge scores across different educational qualification groups. Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison of mean knowledge scores among the categories of clinical experience.

Results: The undergraduates had more knowledge scores compared to graduates and postgraduates. The mean knowledge scores showed a significant difference based on the clinical experience of the study participants. Knowledge score was higher in participants who had clinical experience of <2 years.

Conclusion: Undergraduates and those with less than 2 years of clinical experience were found to have greater knowledge scores regarding the use of dental implants in children.