Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.11.1.10-13
Omar M. Alsudays, Omar M. Alawad, S. Elkholy
Finding sustainable and economical materials for building construction is a vital topic recently due to the negative effects of some current construction materials on the environment and also its relatively high cost. Local materials can be considered as a suitable alternative for building construction materials to minimize the environmental impacts. For example, rammed earth construction type uses local materials which typically consist of a mixture of gravel, sand, clay, and silt. Cement can be added with low fractions as a stabilizer and to improve the mechanical properties of rammed earth, such as compressive strength. This study focuses on assessing the moisture content effect on the compressive strength of the cement stabilized local rammed earth materials. A number of samples with various moisture content, i.e. 4%, 6%, 10%, and 14% were established and examined using a universal test machine in this study. The moisture content is found to significantly affect the compressive strength of the stabilized rammed earth local materials. Samples with 10% moisture content reached the highest compressive strength (average is 4 MPa) compared with others. Samples with 4% moisture content have the least compressive strength, i.e. average is 1.97 MPa.
{"title":"Effect of Moisture Content on the Compressive strength of a Local Rammed Earth Construction Material","authors":"Omar M. Alsudays, Omar M. Alawad, S. Elkholy","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.11.1.10-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.11.1.10-13","url":null,"abstract":"Finding sustainable and economical materials for building construction is a vital topic recently due to the negative effects of some current construction materials on the environment and also its relatively high cost. Local materials can be considered as a suitable alternative for building construction materials to minimize the environmental impacts. For example, rammed earth construction type uses local materials which typically consist of a mixture of gravel, sand, clay, and silt. Cement can be added with low fractions as a stabilizer and to improve the mechanical properties of rammed earth, such as compressive strength. This study focuses on assessing the moisture content effect on the compressive strength of the cement stabilized local rammed earth materials. A number of samples with various moisture content, i.e. 4%, 6%, 10%, and 14% were established and examined using a universal test machine in this study. The moisture content is found to significantly affect the compressive strength of the stabilized rammed earth local materials. Samples with 10% moisture content reached the highest compressive strength (average is 4 MPa) compared with others. Samples with 4% moisture content have the least compressive strength, i.e. average is 1.97 MPa. ","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133738334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.8.3.196-203
A. Almerich-Chulia, J. Moreno-Puchalt, A. Alonso-Durá, Veronica Llopis-Pulido
In recent years, the importance of structural interventions in architectural heritage for repairing and strengthening has increased considerably. During the 20th century, there has been a tendency to replace traditional materials with the most widespread “new” materials used: steel and reinforced concrete. However, in many cases, the durability of the interventions has not been as expected. An extensive damage to the ancient masonry due to incompatibility of reinforced concrete with the old materials has been clearly established, leading to a rapid deterioration. International centers, such as ICOMOS, have recommended the use of materials similar in composition and properties to the original ones for the restoration works. An adequate choice of mortars is critical to the success of a restoration process. Compatibility between the new mortar and the original components is very desirable. So that, the renascence of lime based mortars technology for the restoration of historic structures has been observed. Besides that, steel presents several practical difficulties in protecting against corrosion and environmental effects, and sometimes in their handling at the construction site. As an alternative, steel can be replaced with advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials, commonly called composites, which offer excellent physical and mechanical properties and are lightweight and insensitive to corrosion. The present analysis shows the use of lime-based concrete, with pozzolanic loads, internally reinforced by GFRP bars. Lime concrete manages to consolidate the existing historical building, providing safety to masonry structure and solving their structural problems. In addition, GFRP bars exhibit a high tensile strength required. The performance of this combination is investigated by numerical simulation using the FEM method. The response is simulated firstly with current materials (as reference) and finally with the proposed lime based concrete reinforced with GFRP.
{"title":"New and Old Materials in the Architectural Heritage. Case Study: Behaviour of Glass Fiber Reinforced Lime Based Concrete","authors":"A. Almerich-Chulia, J. Moreno-Puchalt, A. Alonso-Durá, Veronica Llopis-Pulido","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.8.3.196-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.8.3.196-203","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the importance of structural interventions in architectural heritage for repairing and strengthening has increased considerably. During the 20th century, there has been a tendency to replace traditional materials with the most widespread “new” materials used: steel and reinforced concrete. However, in many cases, the durability of the interventions has not been as expected. An extensive damage to the ancient masonry due to incompatibility of reinforced concrete with the old materials has been clearly established, leading to a rapid deterioration. International centers, such as ICOMOS, have recommended the use of materials similar in composition and properties to the original ones for the restoration works. An adequate choice of mortars is critical to the success of a restoration process. Compatibility between the new mortar and the original components is very desirable. So that, the renascence of lime based mortars technology for the restoration of historic structures has been observed. Besides that, steel presents several practical difficulties in protecting against corrosion and environmental effects, and sometimes in their handling at the construction site. As an alternative, steel can be replaced with advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials, commonly called composites, which offer excellent physical and mechanical properties and are lightweight and insensitive to corrosion. The present analysis shows the use of lime-based concrete, with pozzolanic loads, internally reinforced by GFRP bars. Lime concrete manages to consolidate the existing historical building, providing safety to masonry structure and solving their structural problems. In addition, GFRP bars exhibit a high tensile strength required. The performance of this combination is investigated by numerical simulation using the FEM method. The response is simulated firstly with current materials (as reference) and finally with the proposed lime based concrete reinforced with GFRP. ","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134511983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.10.4.150-156
Rodrigo Loaiza Velarde, A. Pérez, Mitchel J. Jara Garcia
Debris flow is common in season of significant rainfalls, an area with this recurrent problem is Huaycoloro river basin in Lurigancho district, Lima-Perú, this paper objective is modeling Huaycoloro river basin debris flow impact analysis of the structures in these natural disasters with FLO-2D software. Methodology to analyze it began with geomorphology and topography input data. Model was calibrated according to data flood signs of last debris flows events in study area. Using FLO-2D, this is modeled for 500 years return period and according to results optimal location of structures were analyzed at different location scenarios. Pre-dimensioning of structures was done in base of impact force produced by flow for aforementioned return period with aim of location them at specific points where depth developed by flow is important, and this way, incorporate structures to digital elevation model and as results allowed us to reduce 1.4 meters depth and 0.7 m/s of velocity in all system compared to initial scenario without structures. In conclusion structures allows us to improve disaster mitigation conditions caused by debris flows.
{"title":"Debris Flow Modelling Incorporating Structural Mitigation Measures with FLO-2D","authors":"Rodrigo Loaiza Velarde, A. Pérez, Mitchel J. Jara Garcia","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.10.4.150-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.10.4.150-156","url":null,"abstract":"Debris flow is common in season of significant rainfalls, an area with this recurrent problem is Huaycoloro river basin in Lurigancho district, Lima-Perú, this paper objective is modeling Huaycoloro river basin debris flow impact analysis of the structures in these natural disasters with FLO-2D software. Methodology to analyze it began with geomorphology and topography input data. Model was calibrated according to data flood signs of last debris flows events in study area. Using FLO-2D, this is modeled for 500 years return period and according to results optimal location of structures were analyzed at different location scenarios. Pre-dimensioning of structures was done in base of impact force produced by flow for aforementioned return period with aim of location them at specific points where depth developed by flow is important, and this way, incorporate structures to digital elevation model and as results allowed us to reduce 1.4 meters depth and 0.7 m/s of velocity in all system compared to initial scenario without structures. In conclusion structures allows us to improve disaster mitigation conditions caused by debris flows.","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132302262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.8.2.183-187
Jingwen Zhang
Big data, Internet of Things, and Embedded Technology are gradually become more and more perfect and mature, thus, based on the above, smart home will welcome a brilliant prospect in the near future. Smart home area is like a delicious cake for lots of countries across the world. China possesses some unique predominance. On one hand, socially, China hold a vast consumer market, especially the population of Chinese young people, which are born with passion for fashion and high-tech things, they are the main potential consumers. In addition, many of them concentrated in first-tier cities, that is to say, they are the main force of renting apartments. On the other hand, politically, Chinese government has issued a series of politics about smart home, encouraging the innovative development strategy, and has put the “smart home” into China’s “13th Five-year Plan”, pushing the development and application of smart home becoming more quickly and healthily. At the meantime, Chinese government has been enlarging rental housing market positively, and has passed some concessional policies. This article begins with the concept of smart home, and their relative technologies. Then, analyzes the feasibility and potential advantages of Chinese smart home industries that applied to rental house areas. In the end, study the problems might occur in the future and propose some feasible solutions.
{"title":"An Analysis on the Application and Popularization of Smart Home in Chinese First-Tier Cities’ Rental Apartment Area","authors":"Jingwen Zhang","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.8.2.183-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.8.2.183-187","url":null,"abstract":"Big data, Internet of Things, and Embedded Technology are gradually become more and more perfect and mature, thus, based on the above, smart home will welcome a brilliant prospect in the near future. Smart home area is like a delicious cake for lots of countries across the world. China possesses some unique predominance. On one hand, socially, China hold a vast consumer market, especially the population of Chinese young people, which are born with passion for fashion and high-tech things, they are the main potential consumers. In addition, many of them concentrated in first-tier cities, that is to say, they are the main force of renting apartments. On the other hand, politically, Chinese government has issued a series of politics about smart home, encouraging the innovative development strategy, and has put the “smart home” into China’s “13th Five-year Plan”, pushing the development and application of smart home becoming more quickly and healthily. At the meantime, Chinese government has been enlarging rental housing market positively, and has passed some concessional policies. This article begins with the concept of smart home, and their relative technologies. Then, analyzes the feasibility and potential advantages of Chinese smart home industries that applied to rental house areas. In the end, study the problems might occur in the future and propose some feasible solutions.","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115958783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.8.3.259-264
Omar Bourass, Imane El Kettani, A. Ettahir, Kamal Kettani
—In our time, controlling energy consumption is a very important issue for the preservation of terrestrial natural resources. To face these dangers, the states are committed to reduce their consumption by encouraging, in particular, the renewal of their housing stock. Morocco is highly dependent on imported energy. Over 91% of energy supplied comes from abroad [1]. However, renewable energy in this country may represent significant deposits as an Alternative energy. the introducing new methods of and Efforts are therefore focused on developing an energy efficiency policy for better use of energy in all areas of activity, in the in order to streamline and improve energy to the growing energy In our thesis project, we propose a procedure for the diagnosis of energy performance in the building in Morocco, to be integrated into the building permit circuit. We will define the new actors to involve in this procedure and their roles, as well as the utility of energy labels for the building. The final objective of this proposed procedure is to reduce the primary energy consumption of buildings and gradually introduce energy efficiency techniques for a rational use of energy in Morocco.
{"title":"Proposition of a Procedure of Diagnosis of Energy Performance in Morocco","authors":"Omar Bourass, Imane El Kettani, A. Ettahir, Kamal Kettani","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.8.3.259-264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.8.3.259-264","url":null,"abstract":"—In our time, controlling energy consumption is a very important issue for the preservation of terrestrial natural resources. To face these dangers, the states are committed to reduce their consumption by encouraging, in particular, the renewal of their housing stock. Morocco is highly dependent on imported energy. Over 91% of energy supplied comes from abroad [1]. However, renewable energy in this country may represent significant deposits as an Alternative energy. the introducing new methods of and Efforts are therefore focused on developing an energy efficiency policy for better use of energy in all areas of activity, in the in order to streamline and improve energy to the growing energy In our thesis project, we propose a procedure for the diagnosis of energy performance in the building in Morocco, to be integrated into the building permit circuit. We will define the new actors to involve in this procedure and their roles, as well as the utility of energy labels for the building. The final objective of this proposed procedure is to reduce the primary energy consumption of buildings and gradually introduce energy efficiency techniques for a rational use of energy in Morocco.","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"47 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126051845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.11.3.65-68
Jeniffer Torres-Almirón, Danny Tupayachy-Quispe, Belinda Chavez, Jonathan Almirón, Yosheff Ortiz-Valdivia
—The objective of this research work is to reinforced concrete beams with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) and subject them to a flexural test. For this purpose, two concrete mix designs of 210 and 280Kgf/cm2 were made and CFRP was applied to them. A total of 12 specimens were made for each mix design and reinforced with 1/4", 3/8" and 8mm steels. It was concluded that the addition of CFRP as well as the stressing of different steel diameters improved the reinforced concrete beams in terms of flexural strength, cracking pattern, stiffness and ductility of all beams, compared to the beams without CFRP and steel reinforcement.
{"title":"Analysis of the Flexural Strength in Different Reinforced Concrete Beams with the Addition of Carbon Fiber","authors":"Jeniffer Torres-Almirón, Danny Tupayachy-Quispe, Belinda Chavez, Jonathan Almirón, Yosheff Ortiz-Valdivia","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.11.3.65-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.11.3.65-68","url":null,"abstract":"—The objective of this research work is to reinforced concrete beams with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) and subject them to a flexural test. For this purpose, two concrete mix designs of 210 and 280Kgf/cm2 were made and CFRP was applied to them. A total of 12 specimens were made for each mix design and reinforced with 1/4\", 3/8\" and 8mm steels. It was concluded that the addition of CFRP as well as the stressing of different steel diameters improved the reinforced concrete beams in terms of flexural strength, cracking pattern, stiffness and ductility of all beams, compared to the beams without CFRP and steel reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124728559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.12.3.63-67
T. Spiegelhalter
—AI-ML-assisted Generative Design (GD) using Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) techniques and Topology Optimization (TO) has undergone massive growth over the past few years. As a result, AI and GD have essential applications in many fields, such as Industrial & Product Design, Medicine, Synthetic Biology, Infrastructure, Architecture, Engineering & Construction (AEC). This research paper discusses the performance-based workflows for AI-ML assisted, cloud computation and EA-driven Generative Design with topological optimisation to reduce weight and cost. The discussed research is a lightweight real-world hybrid, awarded 50 m robot 3d-printed bluemint®steel bridge design and off-the-shelf steel tube prefabrication in Germany, completed in June 2023. [3] The generative bridge design with finite element structural analysis (FEA) and cloud-driven deep neural network (GNN) scenarios will demonstrate the largest 3d-printed Wire-and-arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) pedestrian/bicycle bridge inspired by biology worldwide.
{"title":"Performance-based, AI-ML-assisted Generative EA Design with Bio-inspired Topological Optimisations of a 50m, 3D-printed Steel Bridge","authors":"T. Spiegelhalter","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.12.3.63-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.12.3.63-67","url":null,"abstract":"—AI-ML-assisted Generative Design (GD) using Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) techniques and Topology Optimization (TO) has undergone massive growth over the past few years. As a result, AI and GD have essential applications in many fields, such as Industrial & Product Design, Medicine, Synthetic Biology, Infrastructure, Architecture, Engineering & Construction (AEC). This research paper discusses the performance-based workflows for AI-ML assisted, cloud computation and EA-driven Generative Design with topological optimisation to reduce weight and cost. The discussed research is a lightweight real-world hybrid, awarded 50 m robot 3d-printed bluemint®steel bridge design and off-the-shelf steel tube prefabrication in Germany, completed in June 2023. [3] The generative bridge design with finite element structural analysis (FEA) and cloud-driven deep neural network (GNN) scenarios will demonstrate the largest 3d-printed Wire-and-arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) pedestrian/bicycle bridge inspired by biology worldwide.","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127568357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.8.3.227-233
Rosalie Rivera, H. G. Ledesma
The purpose of this research is the enhancement of thermal comfort in social housing in four different climates zones in Mexico: VeracruzHot semi-humid, MonclovaExtremely Hot dry, San Luis Potosidry and; Mexico D.FTemperate semi-humid. Thermal comfort levels from base case analysis showed poor building performance. Moreover, thermal variations among climate zones were evident; thus, overheating was the main concern for warm semi-humid and extremely hot dry climate; and, overcooling for temperate climates. The analysis on improvement of thermal comfort was done by dynamic simulation based on five parameters: building fabric, shading, ventilation, infiltration and height. Several strategies were tested for each parameter and simulated individually for each climate zone. The results then were compared to the base case as to determine the best strategies according to the climate zone. Three built-on strategies were made by grouping the most effective strategies of the previous five parameters: 1) insulating the building, 2) incrementing ventilation and shading, and 3) using passive cooling and heating by solar chimneys. Thus, the integrated strategies begun with the simplest improvements and built on themselves to more complex constructions capable of maintaining thermal comfort all year round with the use of active heating or cooling.
本研究的目的是提高墨西哥四个不同气候区的社会住房的热舒适性:韦拉克鲁斯半湿润气候区、monclova极干热气候区、San Luis Potosidry和;墨西哥d.温带半湿润。从基本案例分析得出的热舒适水平显示了较差的建筑性能。此外，各气候带间的热变化明显;因此，过热是暖半湿和极热干燥气候的主要问题;而且，对于温带气候来说，温度过低。采用基于建筑材质、遮阳、通风、入渗、高度5个参数的动态仿真方法，分析了建筑热舒适性的改善效果。针对每个参数测试了几种策略，并针对每个气候带分别进行了模拟。然后将结果与基本情况进行比较，以根据气候带确定最佳策略。通过组合前五个参数中最有效的策略，我们制定了三种建筑策略:1)隔热建筑，2)增加通风和遮阳，3)利用太阳能烟囱进行被动冷却和加热。因此，综合策略从最简单的改进开始，并在其基础上建立更复杂的建筑，能够通过使用主动加热或冷却全年保持热舒适。
{"title":"Improvement of Thermal Comfort by Passive Strategies. Case Study: Social Housing in Mexico","authors":"Rosalie Rivera, H. G. Ledesma","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.8.3.227-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.8.3.227-233","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is the enhancement of thermal comfort in social housing in four different climates zones in Mexico: VeracruzHot semi-humid, MonclovaExtremely Hot dry, San Luis Potosidry and; Mexico D.FTemperate semi-humid. Thermal comfort levels from base case analysis showed poor building performance. Moreover, thermal variations among climate zones were evident; thus, overheating was the main concern for warm semi-humid and extremely hot dry climate; and, overcooling for temperate climates. The analysis on improvement of thermal comfort was done by dynamic simulation based on five parameters: building fabric, shading, ventilation, infiltration and height. Several strategies were tested for each parameter and simulated individually for each climate zone. The results then were compared to the base case as to determine the best strategies according to the climate zone. Three built-on strategies were made by grouping the most effective strategies of the previous five parameters: 1) insulating the building, 2) incrementing ventilation and shading, and 3) using passive cooling and heating by solar chimneys. Thus, the integrated strategies begun with the simplest improvements and built on themselves to more complex constructions capable of maintaining thermal comfort all year round with the use of active heating or cooling.","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126467729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.8.1.10-15
R. Kogbara, S. Iyengar, E. Masad, Syeda Rahman, Z. Grasley, D. Zollinger
The pore structure, which controls the main properties of concrete, evolves due to phase changes in the pore network during cryogenic freezing of concrete. This study investigates the influence of such pore structure evolution on the thermal conductivity of different concrete mixtures. Such information would be useful in the design of low thermally conductive concrete for use in liquefied natural gas (LNG) containment structures. Five concrete mixtures including hardened cement paste were prepared using different aggregates and admixtures. The mixtures incorporated river sand as fine aggregate, and traprock and limestone as coarse aggregates. Mixtures without aggregates incorporated different amounts of blast furnace slag (BFS) and granulated polyurethane foam (PUF) and sawdust. The porosity and pore size distribution of concrete specimens were monitored at ambient and freezing temperatures using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thermocouples inserted into concrete specimens at different radial locations monitored the temperature history during cryogenic freezing and thawing. A new inverse analysis technique that simultaneously fits the temperature profile at two different locations during thawing of frozen specimens was used for thermal conductivity determination. The results indicate that among the different mixtures, the total porosity shows a stronger correlation (R = 0.88) with thermal conductivity than the mean pore size (R = 0.52) at freezing temperatures. The total porosity (R = 0.75) was also more influential at ambient temperature. The thermal conductivity results so far suggest the possibility of designing a low thermally conductive concrete by improving on concrete mixture designs incorporating some of the aforementioned admixtures.
{"title":"Pore Structure and Thermal Conductivity of Cryogenic Concrete","authors":"R. Kogbara, S. Iyengar, E. Masad, Syeda Rahman, Z. Grasley, D. Zollinger","doi":"10.18178/ijscer.8.1.10-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijscer.8.1.10-15","url":null,"abstract":"The pore structure, which controls the main properties of concrete, evolves due to phase changes in the pore network during cryogenic freezing of concrete. This study investigates the influence of such pore structure evolution on the thermal conductivity of different concrete mixtures. Such information would be useful in the design of low thermally conductive concrete for use in liquefied natural gas (LNG) containment structures. Five concrete mixtures including hardened cement paste were prepared using different aggregates and admixtures. The mixtures incorporated river sand as fine aggregate, and traprock and limestone as coarse aggregates. Mixtures without aggregates incorporated different amounts of blast furnace slag (BFS) and granulated polyurethane foam (PUF) and sawdust. The porosity and pore size distribution of concrete specimens were monitored at ambient and freezing temperatures using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thermocouples inserted into concrete specimens at different radial locations monitored the temperature history during cryogenic freezing and thawing. A new inverse analysis technique that simultaneously fits the temperature profile at two different locations during thawing of frozen specimens was used for thermal conductivity determination. The results indicate that among the different mixtures, the total porosity shows a stronger correlation (R = 0.88) with thermal conductivity than the mean pore size (R = 0.52) at freezing temperatures. The total porosity (R = 0.75) was also more influential at ambient temperature. The thermal conductivity results so far suggest the possibility of designing a low thermally conductive concrete by improving on concrete mixture designs incorporating some of the aforementioned admixtures. ","PeriodicalId":101411,"journal":{"name":"International journal of structural and civil engineering research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117191056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18178/ijscer.10.3.119-122
Mohammed Lamine Moussaoui, M. Chabaat, A. Kibboua
This research consists to determine the security margin reliability with probabilistic analysis using the dynamic computed stresses and the RC reinforced concrete strength of a specific bridge structure. The maximum stresses are obtained from a dynamic finite element damage detection analysis in which each value is computed inside a mesh element under severe loadings [1, 5]. The RC strength stochastic characteristics are calculated from experiments and RC composite materials mixture rules. Reliability of computed stresses from a damage detection analysis [1] became an important structural health monitoring process. The main objective of this research work is the probabilistic analysis of the dynamic operating stresses using their calculated stochastic characteristics. This research work allows quantifying the structural warranty period including unpredictable and stochastic phenomena like natural disasters under severe loadings. An important vital structure with known stochastic characteristics is analyzed by quantifying and increasing its lifetime period. The RC strength stochastic characteristics and structural security margin reliability of a specific designed structure are performed.
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