Kuang-Chih Hsiao, A. Ponsonby, S. Ashley, C. Lee, L. Jindal, M. Tang
Probiotic and Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (PPOIT) is effective at inducing sustained unresponsiveness (SU) at end‐of‐treatment and this effect persists up to 4 years post‐treatment, referred to as persistent SU. We sought to evaluate (i) how PPOIT altered peanut‐specific humoral immune indices, and (ii) how such longitudinal indices relate to persistent SU.
{"title":"Longitudinal antibody responses to peanut following probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy in children with peanut allergy","authors":"Kuang-Chih Hsiao, A. Ponsonby, S. Ashley, C. Lee, L. Jindal, M. Tang","doi":"10.1111/cea.14146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14146","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotic and Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (PPOIT) is effective at inducing sustained unresponsiveness (SU) at end‐of‐treatment and this effect persists up to 4 years post‐treatment, referred to as persistent SU. We sought to evaluate (i) how PPOIT altered peanut‐specific humoral immune indices, and (ii) how such longitudinal indices relate to persistent SU.","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"1 1","pages":"735 - 746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83595473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asthma is one of the most common chronic noncommunicable diseases and is characterized by respiratory symptoms and variable airflow limitation.1 It is usually associated with airway inflammation and with the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment is inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).1 Dysfunctional breathing patterns are common in people with asthma, and breathing exercises are a nonpharmacological treatment used to supplement pharmacotherapy.2,3 However, the clinical effectiveness of breathing exercises for managing asthma is unclear.4 Other related treatments such as yoga have shown moderatequality evidence for small improvements in quality of life and symptoms in asthmatics.5 This Cochrane review is an update of the previous 2013 review evaluating the evidence for the efficacy of breathing exercises in the management of people with asthma. It includes nine new studies totalling 1910 new participants.6 This is an abstract of a Cochrane review published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 3. (see www. cochr aneli brary.com for information). Cochrane reviews are regularly updated as new evidence emerges and in response to feedback, and the Cochrane Library should be consulted for the most recent version of the review.
{"title":"Breathing exercises for adults with asthma","authors":"V. Harper, J. Trayer","doi":"10.1111/cea.14141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14141","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is one of the most common chronic noncommunicable diseases and is characterized by respiratory symptoms and variable airflow limitation.1 It is usually associated with airway inflammation and with the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment is inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).1 Dysfunctional breathing patterns are common in people with asthma, and breathing exercises are a nonpharmacological treatment used to supplement pharmacotherapy.2,3 However, the clinical effectiveness of breathing exercises for managing asthma is unclear.4 Other related treatments such as yoga have shown moderatequality evidence for small improvements in quality of life and symptoms in asthmatics.5 This Cochrane review is an update of the previous 2013 review evaluating the evidence for the efficacy of breathing exercises in the management of people with asthma. It includes nine new studies totalling 1910 new participants.6 This is an abstract of a Cochrane review published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 3. (see www. cochr aneli brary.com for information). Cochrane reviews are regularly updated as new evidence emerges and in response to feedback, and the Cochrane Library should be consulted for the most recent version of the review.","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"109 1","pages":"732 - 734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79213527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. D. De Luca, G. Mackay, J. Chatelier, S. Chan, Stephanie Zhang, J. Godsell, Kymble Spriggs, C. Slade, J. Douglass
Clinical presentation Anaphylaxis with throat tightness, dyspnoea, widespread rash and presyncope within 10 min of ingestion with resolution of symptoms after IM adrenaline Initial episode of throat tightness, with two subsequent episodes causing widespread urticaria with dyspnoea and wheeze requiring IM adrenaline Recurrent episodes of urticaria and angioedema associated with goat's milk cheese ingestion Anaphylaxis with dyspnoea/ wheeze, throat tightness and urticaria within minutes of ingestion, responsive to IM adrenaline Anaphylaxis with flushing, dyspnoea and collapse requiring IM adrenaline Prior to this event has had multiple mild reactions to goat's milk containing food products with throat itch for years Four episodes of acute urticaria and angioedema with dyspnoea and wheeze treated with oral antihistamines and corticosteroids. Recurrent anaphylaxis with cutaneous (urticaria and angioedema) and respiratory features (wheeze and dyspnoea) following the ingesting of goat's milk cheese, responsive to adrenaline
{"title":"Goat milk skin products may cause the development of goat milk allergy","authors":"J. D. De Luca, G. Mackay, J. Chatelier, S. Chan, Stephanie Zhang, J. Godsell, Kymble Spriggs, C. Slade, J. Douglass","doi":"10.1111/cea.14133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14133","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical presentation Anaphylaxis with throat tightness, dyspnoea, widespread rash and presyncope within 10 min of ingestion with resolution of symptoms after IM adrenaline Initial episode of throat tightness, with two subsequent episodes causing widespread urticaria with dyspnoea and wheeze requiring IM adrenaline Recurrent episodes of urticaria and angioedema associated with goat's milk cheese ingestion Anaphylaxis with dyspnoea/ wheeze, throat tightness and urticaria within minutes of ingestion, responsive to IM adrenaline Anaphylaxis with flushing, dyspnoea and collapse requiring IM adrenaline Prior to this event has had multiple mild reactions to goat's milk containing food products with throat itch for years Four episodes of acute urticaria and angioedema with dyspnoea and wheeze treated with oral antihistamines and corticosteroids. Recurrent anaphylaxis with cutaneous (urticaria and angioedema) and respiratory features (wheeze and dyspnoea) following the ingesting of goat's milk cheese, responsive to adrenaline","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"1 1","pages":"706 - 710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79858957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Marques-Mejias, Helen Fisher, G. Lack, G. du Toit
with formula, HCPs should discuss the low certainty possible risks of in creased milk allergy through temporary supplementation with CMF during the first week of life. When discussing FA prevention strategies , HCPs should not recommend using hydrolysed or amino acid formulas over breastfeeding. Breastfeeding should always be pro moted for its many other benefits.
{"title":"Translating research into practice: What’s new in the 2021 EAACI food allergy prevention guidelines?","authors":"M. Marques-Mejias, Helen Fisher, G. Lack, G. du Toit","doi":"10.1111/cea.14078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14078","url":null,"abstract":"with formula, HCPs should discuss the low certainty possible risks of in creased milk allergy through temporary supplementation with CMF during the first week of life. When discussing FA prevention strategies , HCPs should not recommend using hydrolysed or amino acid formulas over breastfeeding. Breastfeeding should always be pro moted for its many other benefits.","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"451 1","pages":"476 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77137833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peanut allergy is the most common foodrelated source of an anaphylactic reaction.1 Prevalence of peanut allergy varies considerably by region, but in some highincome countries an estimated 0.2%– 2.5% of children are affected.2 Many studies are exploring potential peanutspecific immunotherapy approaches and one oral immunotherapy treatment has been FDA approved for treatment. To address the need for more effective peanut allergy treatments, Angelina et al.3 investigated the immunomodulation properties of the nonspecific, synthetic cannabinoid molecule, WIN552122, on peanutstimulated dendritic cells (DCs). Human monocytederived dendritic cells (hmoDCs) from healthy donors were stimulated with crude peanut extract (CPE) alone or WIN552122. CPEstimulated hmoDCs activated T cells that produce significantly higher levels of IL5 compared to unstimulated hmoDCs, with no significant changes in IFNγ and IL10. Interestingly, in the presence of WIN552122, T cells secreted significantly lower levels of IFNγ and IL5 and considerably higher levels of IL10 (Figure 1). Additionally, a preclinical model of peanutallergic sensitization was used to assess the ability of WIN552122 to impair peanutinduced DC migration from skin to lymph nodes. BALB/c mice were subjected to CPE sensitization for 3 days with the presence or absence of WIN552122, followed by characterizing the frequency and activation status of DCs in draining lymph nodes. The presence of WIN552122 along CPE sensitization showed a reduction in the migration of DCs to the lymph node and significantly lower numbers of mature DCs. The study findings confirm that WIN552122 shifts the peanutstimulated human DCs from proallergic to tolerogenic responses. It also showed that it is achieved by polarizing TH2 response while increasing IL10 producing CD4+ T cells and FOXP3+ Treg cells. These novel findings may facilitate the development of future novel therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for peanut allergy. Viral respiratory infections, particularly rhinoviruses, are the most prominent trigger of asthma exacerbations.4 Rhinoviruses were shown to induce airway inflammation and worsen clinical symptoms, with increased exacerbation risk for viral infection concurring with allergen exposure for asthmatic patients.5 Although the role of DCs is well established in both viral infections and allergens,6 little is known about their role in viral asthma exacerbations. Cameron et al.7 address this issue by characterizing DC populations in lower airways in moderately severe asthmatic patients in healthy controls. The asthmatic subjects and healthy controls were infected with the rhinovirus (RVA16), with both groups underwent bronchoscopies and bronchoalveolar lavage at baseline (day14), day 3 and day 8 postinfection. The main observation was that at the lower airways,
{"title":"Immune modulation and the role of innate immune cells in allergy and asthma","authors":"M. Shamji, R. Boyle","doi":"10.1111/cea.14132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14132","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut allergy is the most common foodrelated source of an anaphylactic reaction.1 Prevalence of peanut allergy varies considerably by region, but in some highincome countries an estimated 0.2%– 2.5% of children are affected.2 Many studies are exploring potential peanutspecific immunotherapy approaches and one oral immunotherapy treatment has been FDA approved for treatment. To address the need for more effective peanut allergy treatments, Angelina et al.3 investigated the immunomodulation properties of the nonspecific, synthetic cannabinoid molecule, WIN552122, on peanutstimulated dendritic cells (DCs). Human monocytederived dendritic cells (hmoDCs) from healthy donors were stimulated with crude peanut extract (CPE) alone or WIN552122. CPEstimulated hmoDCs activated T cells that produce significantly higher levels of IL5 compared to unstimulated hmoDCs, with no significant changes in IFNγ and IL10. Interestingly, in the presence of WIN552122, T cells secreted significantly lower levels of IFNγ and IL5 and considerably higher levels of IL10 (Figure 1). Additionally, a preclinical model of peanutallergic sensitization was used to assess the ability of WIN552122 to impair peanutinduced DC migration from skin to lymph nodes. BALB/c mice were subjected to CPE sensitization for 3 days with the presence or absence of WIN552122, followed by characterizing the frequency and activation status of DCs in draining lymph nodes. The presence of WIN552122 along CPE sensitization showed a reduction in the migration of DCs to the lymph node and significantly lower numbers of mature DCs. The study findings confirm that WIN552122 shifts the peanutstimulated human DCs from proallergic to tolerogenic responses. It also showed that it is achieved by polarizing TH2 response while increasing IL10 producing CD4+ T cells and FOXP3+ Treg cells. These novel findings may facilitate the development of future novel therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for peanut allergy. Viral respiratory infections, particularly rhinoviruses, are the most prominent trigger of asthma exacerbations.4 Rhinoviruses were shown to induce airway inflammation and worsen clinical symptoms, with increased exacerbation risk for viral infection concurring with allergen exposure for asthmatic patients.5 Although the role of DCs is well established in both viral infections and allergens,6 little is known about their role in viral asthma exacerbations. Cameron et al.7 address this issue by characterizing DC populations in lower airways in moderately severe asthmatic patients in healthy controls. The asthmatic subjects and healthy controls were infected with the rhinovirus (RVA16), with both groups underwent bronchoscopies and bronchoalveolar lavage at baseline (day14), day 3 and day 8 postinfection. The main observation was that at the lower airways,","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72585899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Holloway, G. Vance, E. Angier, S. Ludman, A. Fox
vision and join our community of practice. As a member of our BAEN group, as an allergy education champion or as an interested HCP, support our radical reform of what and how education is delivered so that gaps in practice, at last, are filled. This first BSACI allergy education strategy unashamedly focuses on HCP. In the future, our longer- term goal will look towards a sec -ond, wider national strategy that is multi- agency, goes beyond HCP and potentially addresses the allergy education needs of the food, hospitality and travel industries to name a few. Ultimately, we need to have high- quality, appropriate allergy education available to all those who need it so that gaps in knowledge can be filled, and pa tients with allergy can be safe, supported and cared for wherever they may be.
{"title":"BSACI national allergy education strategy for healthcare professionals","authors":"J. Holloway, G. Vance, E. Angier, S. Ludman, A. Fox","doi":"10.1111/cea.14114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14114","url":null,"abstract":"vision and join our community of practice. As a member of our BAEN group, as an allergy education champion or as an interested HCP, support our radical reform of what and how education is delivered so that gaps in practice, at last, are filled. This first BSACI allergy education strategy unashamedly focuses on HCP. In the future, our longer- term goal will look towards a sec -ond, wider national strategy that is multi- agency, goes beyond HCP and potentially addresses the allergy education needs of the food, hospitality and travel industries to name a few. Ultimately, we need to have high- quality, appropriate allergy education available to all those who need it so that gaps in knowledge can be filled, and pa tients with allergy can be safe, supported and cared for wherever they may be.","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"334 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76379798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Zissler, Aljoscha Thron, J. Eckrich, S. Bakhtiar, R. Schubert, S. Zielen
The progression of chronic destructive lung disease in patients with humoral immunodeficiency (ID) and concomitant development of bronchiectasis is difficult to prevent. Lung function tests in these patients typically show bronchial obstruction of the small airways in combination with increased air trapping in the distal airways, which is consistent with small airway dysfunction.
{"title":"Bronchial inflammation biomarker patterns link humoral immunodeficiency with bronchiectasis‐related small airway dysfunction","authors":"U. Zissler, Aljoscha Thron, J. Eckrich, S. Bakhtiar, R. Schubert, S. Zielen","doi":"10.1111/cea.14140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14140","url":null,"abstract":"The progression of chronic destructive lung disease in patients with humoral immunodeficiency (ID) and concomitant development of bronchiectasis is difficult to prevent. Lung function tests in these patients typically show bronchial obstruction of the small airways in combination with increased air trapping in the distal airways, which is consistent with small airway dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"84 1","pages":"760 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73406791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allergic reactions to betalactam antibiotics, specifically aminopenicillin, are the most common cause of adverse drug reactions reported in children and adults.1 A substantial number of children treated with betalactams (BLs) develop delayed maculopapular exanthema or urticaria, and the most frequent aetiology for these symptoms is either infectious or unknown. Ruling out drug allergy is always advisable as these mild clinical presentations have proven to be poor predictors of true allergy.2 Although these conditions are among the most frequent causes of allergy referral, their management is still controversial.
{"title":"De‐labelling of beta‐lactam allergy in children","authors":"Marta Bernaola, P. Rodríguez Del Río","doi":"10.1111/cea.14125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14125","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic reactions to betalactam antibiotics, specifically aminopenicillin, are the most common cause of adverse drug reactions reported in children and adults.1 A substantial number of children treated with betalactams (BLs) develop delayed maculopapular exanthema or urticaria, and the most frequent aetiology for these symptoms is either infectious or unknown. Ruling out drug allergy is always advisable as these mild clinical presentations have proven to be poor predictors of true allergy.2 Although these conditions are among the most frequent causes of allergy referral, their management is still controversial.","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"60 1","pages":"485 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82325893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amarbir S. Gill, J. Alt, A. Pulsipher, Kristine A. Smith, Nithya Subrahmanyam, Jorgen S. Sumsion, Joseph Jacob, B. Milash, R. Orlandi
promotes inflammation in a positive-feedback manner to further enhance the production of other type 1 inflammation- associated cytokines in CRS. 5 Increasing evidence suggests site- specific gene expression patterns within the sinonasal cavity. Platt et al. examined the ex pression level of five genes previously shown to be differentially expressed in nasal polyps in five regional mucosal subsites within the sinonasal cavity, including the lateral nasal wall, middle turbi -nate, inferior turbinate, septum and ethmoids; the authors found gene expression patterns of those analysed to differ significantly. 6 Interestingly, regional expression differences may also associate with disease burden and outcomes. Weibman et al. demonstrated that eosinophil regional expression differences measured between the uncinate process and nasal polyp tissue had utility in predicting both disease burden and outcome of treatment in patients with CRS with nasal polyps. 7 Our data suggest that large locoregional gene expression differences exist between the anterior ethmoid sinuses and the nasal floor. Future investigations should seek to compare gene expression and tissue biomarkers across all subsites within the nose and include a non- CRS control cohort in order to understand the true contribution of CRS to the gene expression differences ob -served. Although we ensured that all patients enrolled had been off oral steroids for 2 weeks, it is possible that their inflammatory profile had not returned to baseline by the end of this timeframe. Finally, comorbidities such as asthma and allergy, including allergic rhinitis, could confound the markers that we have identified locally in the sinuses. Future studies should include prospective biopsy collec tion and gene profiling with increased sample sizes of patients with CRSsNP with and without comorbid asthma and/or allergy, whereby the potential contribution of systemic inflammation can be properly assessed.
{"title":"Topographic distribution of gene expression and sinonasal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis","authors":"Amarbir S. Gill, J. Alt, A. Pulsipher, Kristine A. Smith, Nithya Subrahmanyam, Jorgen S. Sumsion, Joseph Jacob, B. Milash, R. Orlandi","doi":"10.1111/cea.14119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14119","url":null,"abstract":"promotes inflammation in a positive-feedback manner to further enhance the production of other type 1 inflammation- associated cytokines in CRS. 5 Increasing evidence suggests site- specific gene expression patterns within the sinonasal cavity. Platt et al. examined the ex pression level of five genes previously shown to be differentially expressed in nasal polyps in five regional mucosal subsites within the sinonasal cavity, including the lateral nasal wall, middle turbi -nate, inferior turbinate, septum and ethmoids; the authors found gene expression patterns of those analysed to differ significantly. 6 Interestingly, regional expression differences may also associate with disease burden and outcomes. Weibman et al. demonstrated that eosinophil regional expression differences measured between the uncinate process and nasal polyp tissue had utility in predicting both disease burden and outcome of treatment in patients with CRS with nasal polyps. 7 Our data suggest that large locoregional gene expression differences exist between the anterior ethmoid sinuses and the nasal floor. Future investigations should seek to compare gene expression and tissue biomarkers across all subsites within the nose and include a non- CRS control cohort in order to understand the true contribution of CRS to the gene expression differences ob -served. Although we ensured that all patients enrolled had been off oral steroids for 2 weeks, it is possible that their inflammatory profile had not returned to baseline by the end of this timeframe. Finally, comorbidities such as asthma and allergy, including allergic rhinitis, could confound the markers that we have identified locally in the sinuses. Future studies should include prospective biopsy collec tion and gene profiling with increased sample sizes of patients with CRSsNP with and without comorbid asthma and/or allergy, whereby the potential contribution of systemic inflammation can be properly assessed.","PeriodicalId":10148,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","volume":"189 1","pages":"719 - 722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74179331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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