Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.306
Talal J. Al khanfous, Nihad Sh. Al-Wally, Sadiq J. Muhsin
The experiment was conducted in clay soil at the Agricultural Research Station affiliated with the College of Agriculture, University of Basra, during the spring of 2021. Research aimed to study the effect of soil amendments on soil physical properties such as (bulk density, total porosity, and electrical conductivity) and some growth and yield of sunflowers such as (plant height and dry weight). The soil amendments used in the experiment were cattle manure and synthetic polymer. The amendments were added to the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 15 cm, using individual and mixed application treatments with six levels of addition (Cont, P4, O4, P3O1, O3P1, and P2O2). The field was divided into plots measuring 2.5 m in length and 1.5 m in width, and then the plots were planted with sunflower seeds. The results showed that all the amendment treatments outperformed the treatment without amendments, improving the soil's physical properties by reducing bulk density, increasing total porosity, and decreasing electrical conductivity. Additionally, the amendment treatments showed improvement in growth and yield characteristics, indicated by increased plant height and dry weight of the plants.
{"title":"The Effect of Adding Soil Amendments on Some Soil Physical Properties and the Growth of Sunflower Crop in Clay Soil","authors":"Talal J. Al khanfous, Nihad Sh. Al-Wally, Sadiq J. Muhsin","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.306","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted in clay soil at the Agricultural Research Station affiliated with the College of Agriculture, University of Basra, during the spring of 2021. Research aimed to study the effect of soil amendments on soil physical properties such as (bulk density, total porosity, and electrical conductivity) and some growth and yield of sunflowers such as (plant height and dry weight). The soil amendments used in the experiment were cattle manure and synthetic polymer. The amendments were added to the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 15 cm, using individual and mixed application treatments with six levels of addition (Cont, P4, O4, P3O1, O3P1, and P2O2). The field was divided into plots measuring 2.5 m in length and 1.5 m in width, and then the plots were planted with sunflower seeds. The results showed that all the amendment treatments outperformed the treatment without amendments, improving the soil's physical properties by reducing bulk density, increasing total porosity, and decreasing electrical conductivity. Additionally, the amendment treatments showed improvement in growth and yield characteristics, indicated by increased plant height and dry weight of the plants.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the detection efficiency of early pregnancy by Ultrasonography (ULR), and also to estimate embryo/fetal age, embryo/fetal count and viability in Iraqi Shami Does. Thirty-five mature does were synchronized using progesterone intra-vaginal sponges for 12 days+ equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG) (500 IU) after sponge removal. Estrus was detected after two days in only 28 does, therefore, seven does were excluded. All does (n=28) were mated by four breeding bucks. Pregnancy monitoring, embryo/fetus number and developmental stages during the does gestation was carried out with B-mode Transrectal ultrasonography (TRU) (Transrectal probe) on days 17-29 Post mating (PM) using a frequency 6.5-7.5 MHz, and Transabdominal Ultrasonography (TAU) with in days 36-90 PM with frequency 3.5-4.5 MHz. The results revealed that the conception rate was 85.71% (24/28) and the Predicted +value (PV+), Predicted –value (PV-), Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp) and Accuracy (Acc) were low on days 17-20 PM, which recorded 50%, 4%, 12%, 25% and 14% respectively. All detection values between 96-100% in the period 36-50 PM, and 100% in day 60 onwards. The efficiency in predicting embryo/fetal number was 77% and 75% for estimating twin (Se) and singleton (Sp) pregnancies in days 23-29 PM, and the detection parameters reached 100% by day 60, then declined after that. The embryo/fetal viability was 60% in the early gestational period and reached 96% between days 36–50 PM, and 100% after that. The correlation coefficient between embryo/fetal age and Embryonic Vesicle Diameter (EVD), Crown Rump Length (CRL) and Trunk Diameter (TD) was recorded as very high in different gestational ages; R² = 0.99 (23-42 days), R² = 0.97 (23-60 days) and R² = 0.98 (42-90 days). It was concluded that ULR (by using both TRU and TAU) was reliable, very efficient and safe to predict pregnancy, embryo/fetal count, viability and age between days 23-35 and 35-90 PM, respectively.
{"title":"The effectiveness of Ultrasonography in predicting Pregnancy, litter size, viability and embryo/fetal age during first three months post-breeding in Iraqi Shami does","authors":"Aboud, Qusay, SettingsYounis, Laith, SettingsAmeen, Hayman","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.286","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the detection efficiency of early pregnancy by Ultrasonography (ULR), and also to estimate embryo/fetal age, embryo/fetal count and viability in Iraqi Shami Does. Thirty-five mature does were synchronized using progesterone intra-vaginal sponges for 12 days+ equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG) (500 IU) after sponge removal. Estrus was detected after two days in only 28 does, therefore, seven does were excluded. All does (n=28) were mated by four breeding bucks. Pregnancy monitoring, embryo/fetus number and developmental stages during the does gestation was carried out with B-mode Transrectal ultrasonography (TRU) (Transrectal probe) on days 17-29 Post mating (PM) using a frequency 6.5-7.5 MHz, and Transabdominal Ultrasonography (TAU) with in days 36-90 PM with frequency 3.5-4.5 MHz. The results revealed that the conception rate was 85.71% (24/28) and the Predicted +value (PV+), Predicted –value (PV-), Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp) and Accuracy (Acc) were low on days 17-20 PM, which recorded 50%, 4%, 12%, 25% and 14% respectively. All detection values between 96-100% in the period 36-50 PM, and 100% in day 60 onwards. The efficiency in predicting embryo/fetal number was 77% and 75% for estimating twin (Se) and singleton (Sp) pregnancies in days 23-29 PM, and the detection parameters reached 100% by day 60, then declined after that. The embryo/fetal viability was 60% in the early gestational period and reached 96% between days 36–50 PM, and 100% after that. The correlation coefficient between embryo/fetal age and Embryonic Vesicle Diameter (EVD), Crown Rump Length (CRL) and Trunk Diameter (TD) was recorded as very high in different gestational ages; R² = 0.99 (23-42 days), R² = 0.97 (23-60 days) and R² = 0.98 (42-90 days). It was concluded that ULR (by using both TRU and TAU) was reliable, very efficient and safe to predict pregnancy, embryo/fetal count, viability and age between days 23-35 and 35-90 PM, respectively.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.292
Alaa O. Manea, Anna D.khamas, Mohammed A.Fayyadh, Hajra Azeem
The chard plant is an important vegetable crop, thus this study aimed to isolate and identify Alternaria tenuissima and efficiency evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus suppression against A. tenuissima. T. harzianum demonstrated its ability to inhibit the A.tenuissima by 63.8%. Also, it reduced the leaf spot number to 0.39 cm/leaf compared to the control that scored 2.19 cm/leaf. The T. harzianum increased the leaves and root weight, followed by P fluorescens treatment. This is considered the first recorded in Basra, Iraq.
{"title":"Record of Alternaria tenuissima as a causal pathogen of Leaf Spots in Chard Plant in Basrah, Iraq, and It’s In vitro Management","authors":"Alaa O. Manea, Anna D.khamas, Mohammed A.Fayyadh, Hajra Azeem","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.292","url":null,"abstract":"The chard plant is an important vegetable crop, thus this study aimed to isolate and identify Alternaria tenuissima and efficiency evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus suppression against A. tenuissima. T. harzianum demonstrated its ability to inhibit the A.tenuissima by 63.8%. Also, it reduced the leaf spot number to 0.39 cm/leaf compared to the control that scored 2.19 cm/leaf. The T. harzianum increased the leaves and root weight, followed by P fluorescens treatment. This is considered the first recorded in Basra, Iraq.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.293
Mohmmed Swadi, Zagher Al
Field experiment conducted at summer in two season 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 on clay sandy soil in Al-Diwanyia. The experiment was design as Complete randomized block designing with three replications arranged for split-pilot design, and Lest Significant Deference's( LSD) 0.05 the main treatment contend two groups seeds rate 25 and 50 Kg ha-1 within there four levels of Nano Ca( 0 , 30 , 60 , 90) PPM I took sample of soil before planting to analysis it and to learn physical and chemical properties table 1. Cowpea( Vigna unguiculata L.) were sowing at two rates 25 and 50kg.ha-1(3 cm depth) at 1/4 , after 7 months I took a samples to measure . The results showed all factors and interactions were significant effect and increased all growth traits (plant height, number of leaves per plant and stem diameter , plant content of protein , carbohydrate total Chlorophyll and fats and active substances ,) lead to increased grain yield max values (2.72 Ton.ha-1) at interaction of 25 seeds rate and 90 ppm Ca Nanoparticles level, while min value(1.9 Ton.ha-1) at interaction 50 seed rate and 0 ppm Ca Nanoparticles level.
{"title":"Response of Cow pea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to seeds rate and Foliar spray of Ca Nanoparticles","authors":"Mohmmed Swadi, Zagher Al","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.293","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment conducted at summer in two season 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 on clay sandy soil in Al-Diwanyia. The experiment was design as Complete randomized block designing with three replications arranged for split-pilot design, and Lest Significant Deference's( LSD) 0.05 the main treatment contend two groups seeds rate 25 and 50 Kg ha-1 within there four levels of Nano Ca( 0 , 30 , 60 , 90) PPM I took sample of soil before planting to analysis it and to learn physical and chemical properties table 1. Cowpea( Vigna unguiculata L.) were sowing at two rates 25 and 50kg.ha-1(3 cm depth) at 1/4 , after 7 months I took a samples to measure . The results showed all factors and interactions were significant effect and increased all growth traits (plant height, number of leaves per plant and stem diameter , plant content of protein , carbohydrate total Chlorophyll and fats and active substances ,) lead to increased grain yield max values (2.72 Ton.ha-1) at interaction of 25 seeds rate and 90 ppm Ca Nanoparticles level, while min value(1.9 Ton.ha-1) at interaction 50 seed rate and 0 ppm Ca Nanoparticles level.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.287
Ali A. Tala', Y. D. Hamdi
This research set out to examine the epididymis and seminiferous tubules of adult male Rams, use both histological and histomorphometric methods. For this purpose, ten paired of testis of healthy adult local rams were taken from local abattoir in Fallujah. Tissue was removed and cut into tiny pieces from different parts of the testicles before being put in Bouin's solution. The tissue samples were processed by common paraffin technique then stained with routine H & E stain as well as Masson's trichrome stain. According to the results of the present histological analysis, the ram's testis is enclosed by a capsule of thick irregular connective tissue, and its lobules are separated by trabecular and interlobular septa, with seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue making up each lobule. Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells border the seminiferous tubules. Spermatozoa develop from spermatogenic cells. Spermatogonia are the earliest stages of spermatogenic cells; they are tiny, spherical cells with black, spherical nuclei that sit on the basement membrane. Primary spermatocytes, which are bigger cells with often-distinct chromatin, are generated during mitosis in the spermotogonia. Because of their rapid second meiotic division and subsequent formation of haploid spermatids, secondary spermatocytes are seldom seen. Clustered near the seminiferous tubule's lumen, the spermatids are spherical cells with pale nuclei. There are less Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) than spermatogenic cells. The nucleus is oval or triangular in shape and pale in colour, with a large nucleolus. Leydig cells are found in the connective tissue between neighbouring tubules. Epithelium that is pseudostratified lines the epididymis. The stereocilia are long cytoplasmic structures that extend into the lumen. Circular smooth muscle is present in varying amounts, and the epithelium is supported by a connective tissue lamina propria.In conclusion, the current study concluded that the thickness of the epithelium of epididymis was decrease toward the tail while the thickness of the smooth muscle layer was increase toward the tail.
本研究采用组织学和组织形态计量学方法对成年雄性公羊的附睾和曲细精管进行研究。为此，研究人员从费卢杰当地屠宰场采集了十对健康的成年公羊睾丸。从睾丸的不同部位取出组织并切成小块，然后放入布因溶液中。组织样本采用普通石蜡技术处理，然后用常规 H & E 染色法和 Masson 三色染色法染色。根据本次组织学分析的结果，公羊睾丸由厚厚的不规则结缔组织包囊所包围，小叶被小梁和小叶间隔膜分开，曲细精管和间质组织构成了每个小叶。生精细胞和肥大细胞位于曲细精管的边缘。精子由生精细胞发育而成。精原细胞是生精细胞的最早阶段；它们是微小的球形细胞，细胞核呈黑色球形，位于基底膜上。初级精母细胞在精原细胞的有丝分裂过程中产生，它们是较大的细胞，染色质通常比较清晰。由于次级精母细胞能快速进行第二次减数分裂，并随后形成单倍体精子，因此很少能看到次级精母细胞。精母细胞聚集在曲细精管腔附近，呈球形，细胞核颜色较淡。Sertoli细胞（寄生细胞）少于精原细胞。细胞核呈椭圆形或三角形，颜色较浅，核仁较大。在相邻小管之间的结缔组织中发现 Leydig 细胞。附睾上皮为假上皮细胞。立体纤毛是伸入管腔的长形细胞质结构。环状平滑肌数量不等，上皮由结缔组织固有层支撑。总之，目前的研究认为，附睾上皮的厚度向尾部减少，而平滑肌层的厚度向尾部增加。
{"title":"Histomorphometric study of seminiferous tubules and epididymis in adult ram","authors":"Ali A. Tala', Y. D. Hamdi","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.287","url":null,"abstract":"This research set out to examine the epididymis and seminiferous tubules of adult male Rams, use both histological and histomorphometric methods. For this purpose, ten paired of testis of healthy adult local rams were taken from local abattoir in Fallujah. Tissue was removed and cut into tiny pieces from different parts of the testicles before being put in Bouin's solution. The tissue samples were processed by common paraffin technique then stained with routine H & E stain as well as Masson's trichrome stain. According to the results of the present histological analysis, the ram's testis is enclosed by a capsule of thick irregular connective tissue, and its lobules are separated by trabecular and interlobular septa, with seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue making up each lobule. Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells border the seminiferous tubules. Spermatozoa develop from spermatogenic cells. Spermatogonia are the earliest stages of spermatogenic cells; they are tiny, spherical cells with black, spherical nuclei that sit on the basement membrane. Primary spermatocytes, which are bigger cells with often-distinct chromatin, are generated during mitosis in the spermotogonia. Because of their rapid second meiotic division and subsequent formation of haploid spermatids, secondary spermatocytes are seldom seen. Clustered near the seminiferous tubule's lumen, the spermatids are spherical cells with pale nuclei. There are less Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) than spermatogenic cells. The nucleus is oval or triangular in shape and pale in colour, with a large nucleolus. Leydig cells are found in the connective tissue between neighbouring tubules. Epithelium that is pseudostratified lines the epididymis. The stereocilia are long cytoplasmic structures that extend into the lumen. Circular smooth muscle is present in varying amounts, and the epithelium is supported by a connective tissue lamina propria.In conclusion, the current study concluded that the thickness of the epithelium of epididymis was decrease toward the tail while the thickness of the smooth muscle layer was increase toward the tail.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.259
Baidaa G. Ofi, M. Abass, Y. A. Salih
Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most common vegetable crops in Iraq; cultivated in many areas. Broad bean production has been affected significantly by several diseases caused by either bacteria or fungi; among these pathogens Fusarium have a direct impact on faba beans production. The current study was conducted at the laboratories of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah to identify the fungal pathogens of broad bean leaf spot disease. Isolation of the fungal pathogen was performed on PDA and PCA media; the morphological and microscopic identification revealed the identity of Fusarium subglutinans, followed a molecular diagnosis by ITS universal primers (ITS1 and ITS4) with a similarity percentage of 99%; the gene sequence was deposited at NCBI as LC769974. Experimental tests confirmed the pathogen's capability to infect the vegetative system of the broad bean plants. This is the first recorded of F. subglutinans being identified as the cause of leaf spotting on broad bean plants, making it a notable discovery in both Iraq and globally.
{"title":"First report of Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenw. & Reinking) (1983) as a causative agent of leaf spot disease on broad bean Vicia faba L. in Iraq","authors":"Baidaa G. Ofi, M. Abass, Y. A. Salih","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.259","url":null,"abstract":"Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most common vegetable crops in Iraq; cultivated in many areas. Broad bean production has been affected significantly by several diseases caused by either bacteria or fungi; among these pathogens Fusarium have a direct impact on faba beans production. The current study was conducted at the laboratories of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah to identify the fungal pathogens of broad bean leaf spot disease. Isolation of the fungal pathogen was performed on PDA and PCA media; the morphological and microscopic identification revealed the identity of Fusarium subglutinans, followed a molecular diagnosis by ITS universal primers (ITS1 and ITS4) with a similarity percentage of 99%; the gene sequence was deposited at NCBI as LC769974. Experimental tests confirmed the pathogen's capability to infect the vegetative system of the broad bean plants. This is the first recorded of F. subglutinans being identified as the cause of leaf spotting on broad bean plants, making it a notable discovery in both Iraq and globally.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"72 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.260
Riyadh Mhawesh Al-Muhe, Mahmmod S. Abdul-Wahid
The field experiment was conducted in one of the covered greenhouses in Al-Saran affiliated with the College of Agriculture and Marshes, University of Dhi Qar for the 2022-2023 growing season on banana seedlings of the Grand Nine variety resulting from tissue culture in order to determine the effect of Moringa extract and potassium silicate on the vegetative growth characteristics on 2/5/2023. Aged 3 to 4 months, 48 identical offspring were chosen. First, spraying with Moringa leaves extract at four concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15) g L-1; second, spraying with potassium silicate at four concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3) ml L-1. The statistical analysis revealed that Moringa extract at a concentration of 15 g L-1 was superior in terms of all vegetative growth characteristics (plant height (104.38 cm), stem diameter (71.60 mm), number of leaves (10.60), plant leaf-1, and leaf area (1,535.05 square millimeters). cm2, the wet weight of the shoot is (1084.3) g, the dry weight is (120.45 g), and the rate of root propagation is (9.65) g per square centimeter per day. 2 kg-1. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrated the superiority of potassium silicate at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 in all vegetative growth characteristics (plant height (95.90) cm, stem diameter (67.08) mm, number of leaves (9.28) plant leaf-1, leaf area (1,368.0) cm2, and plant weight (13,680.00 g)). The wet weight of the shoot is (943.9) g, its dry weight is (104.14 g), and its rate of root propagation is (9.71) g.2 kg-1, As for the combinations, the combination of Mornica extract and potassium silicate at a concentration of (15 g L-1 x 3 ml L-1) performed the best in terms of vegetative characteristics, plant height (125.67 cm), stem diameter (84.80 mm), and number of leaves (13.40). -1, leaf area (1912.22 cm2), shoot wet weight (1417.5) g, shoot dry weight (157.5) g, and root spread rate (11.4) g 2 kg-1.
{"title":"Effect of spraying with Moringa plant extract and potassium silicate on some vegetative growth indicators of banana seedlings obtained from tissue culture Musa spp","authors":"Riyadh Mhawesh Al-Muhe, Mahmmod S. Abdul-Wahid","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.260","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted in one of the covered greenhouses in Al-Saran affiliated with the College of Agriculture and Marshes, University of Dhi Qar for the 2022-2023 growing season on banana seedlings of the Grand Nine variety resulting from tissue culture in order to determine the effect of Moringa extract and potassium silicate on the vegetative growth characteristics on 2/5/2023. Aged 3 to 4 months, 48 identical offspring were chosen. First, spraying with Moringa leaves extract at four concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15) g L-1; second, spraying with potassium silicate at four concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3) ml L-1. The statistical analysis revealed that Moringa extract at a concentration of 15 g L-1 was superior in terms of all vegetative growth characteristics (plant height (104.38 cm), stem diameter (71.60 mm), number of leaves (10.60), plant leaf-1, and leaf area (1,535.05 square millimeters). cm2, the wet weight of the shoot is (1084.3) g, the dry weight is (120.45 g), and the rate of root propagation is (9.65) g per square centimeter per day. 2 kg-1. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrated the superiority of potassium silicate at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 in all vegetative growth characteristics (plant height (95.90) cm, stem diameter (67.08) mm, number of leaves (9.28) plant leaf-1, leaf area (1,368.0) cm2, and plant weight (13,680.00 g)). The wet weight of the shoot is (943.9) g, its dry weight is (104.14 g), and its rate of root propagation is (9.71) g.2 kg-1, As for the combinations, the combination of Mornica extract and potassium silicate at a concentration of (15 g L-1 x 3 ml L-1) performed the best in terms of vegetative characteristics, plant height (125.67 cm), stem diameter (84.80 mm), and number of leaves (13.40). -1, leaf area (1912.22 cm2), shoot wet weight (1417.5) g, shoot dry weight (157.5) g, and root spread rate (11.4) g 2 kg-1.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.252
L. Younis, Q. Aboud
The objective of this study was to evaluate the PAG and P4 profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant does using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy (Acc) of pregnancy diagnosis using PAG and P4 detection in serum samples. Twenty does were synchronized using P4 sponge+eCG for 12 days, followed by breeding after estrus. Blood samples were collected at different experimental periods (22, 30, 40, and 60 days post-mating) and analyzed using EIA and ELISA. The lambing and Ultrasonographic examination on day 60 were used as a golden standard for pregnancy evaluation. The results demonstrated that both PAG and P4 mean concentrations significantly increased in pregnant does compared to non-pregnant does in all experimental periods. When comparing the efficiency of each method for pregnancy prediction, the PAG assay method showed a sensitivity (Se) similar to P4 (85%) at day 22 post-mating, but reached 100% at day 30 for PAG and day 40 for P4. Additionally, the accuracy (Acc) of the PAG analysis method was higher than P4 at day 22 (80% vs. 75%) and day 30 (95% vs. 85%), and reached 100% on day 40. In contrast, the Acc of the P4 assay for pregnancy diagnosis was 95% at days 40 and 60. The specificity (Sp) was lower in both methods, but the diagnosis using the PAG assay was better than P4 on all days, reaching its optimal value on day 40, while reach to 83% for P4 assay method on day 40 and 60 PM. The present study concluded that both PAG and P4 analyses were specific and reliable methods for pregnancy determination in does starting from day 22 onward, but the PAG assay was more accurate than the P4 assay.
本研究的目的是利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和酶联免疫吸附法(EIA)分别评价妊娠和非妊娠孕妇的PAG和P4谱。此外，本研究旨在比较血清样本中PAG和P4检测对妊娠诊断的敏感性(Se)、特异性(Sp)和准确性(Acc)。20只同步使用P4海绵+eCG，连续12 d，发情后饲养。分别于交配后22、30、40和60 d采集血样，采用EIA和ELISA进行分析。以第60天的产羔和超声检查作为妊娠评价的金标准。结果表明，孕鼠PAG和P4的平均浓度在所有实验期间均显著高于非孕鼠。在比较各种方法的妊娠预测效率时，PAG法在交配后22天的敏感性(Se)与P4相似(85%)，但PAG法在交配后30天达到100%，P4法在交配后40天达到100%。此外，PAG分析法的准确度(Acc)在第22天(80% vs. 75%)和第30天(95% vs. 85%)均高于P4，第40天达到100%。相比之下，P4测定妊娠诊断的Acc在第40天和第60天为95%。两种方法的特异性(Sp)均较低，但PAG法的诊断在各天均优于P4法，在第40天达到最佳值，而P4法在第40和60天达到83%。本研究得出结论，PAG和P4分析都是确定22天以后孕妇妊娠的具体可靠的方法，但PAG法比P4法更准确。
{"title":"Evaluate the effectiveness of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein and Progesterone in predicting the gestational status in Goats","authors":"L. Younis, Q. Aboud","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.252","url":null,"abstract":" The objective of this study was to evaluate the PAG and P4 profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant does using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy (Acc) of pregnancy diagnosis using PAG and P4 detection in serum samples. Twenty does were synchronized using P4 sponge+eCG for 12 days, followed by breeding after estrus. Blood samples were collected at different experimental periods (22, 30, 40, and 60 days post-mating) and analyzed using EIA and ELISA. The lambing and Ultrasonographic examination on day 60 were used as a golden standard for pregnancy evaluation. The results demonstrated that both PAG and P4 mean concentrations significantly increased in pregnant does compared to non-pregnant does in all experimental periods. When comparing the efficiency of each method for pregnancy prediction, the PAG assay method showed a sensitivity (Se) similar to P4 (85%) at day 22 post-mating, but reached 100% at day 30 for PAG and day 40 for P4. Additionally, the accuracy (Acc) of the PAG analysis method was higher than P4 at day 22 (80% vs. 75%) and day 30 (95% vs. 85%), and reached 100% on day 40. In contrast, the Acc of the P4 assay for pregnancy diagnosis was 95% at days 40 and 60. The specificity (Sp) was lower in both methods, but the diagnosis using the PAG assay was better than P4 on all days, reaching its optimal value on day 40, while reach to 83% for P4 assay method on day 40 and 60 PM. The present study concluded that both PAG and P4 analyses were specific and reliable methods for pregnancy determination in does starting from day 22 onward, but the PAG assay was more accurate than the P4 assay.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122556234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.253
Leen Dayoub
Spot blotch disease of wheat, caused by the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., produces several toxins like: prehelminthosporol, helminthosporol, helminthosporic acid, sorokinianin, Bipolaroxin. These toxins interact with the plant and thereby increase the symptoms of small dark lesions and huge yield losses in different regions around the world so there is an urgent need to decipher the molecular interaction between wheat and those toxins for in-depth understanding of host–pathogen interactions. In the present study, we have modeledthe three-dimensional structure of G-protein alpha subunit from Triticum aestivum as G-protein was shown that it is an important player behind the resistance to many plant diseases. Molecular docking studies were performed using the active site of the modeled G-protein alpha subunit from T. aestivumand some of fungus’s toxins followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to explore the stability, conformational flexibility, and dynamic behavior. Protein-ligand interaction study revealed one H-bond formed by Lys302 and hydrophobic contacts formed by Tyr159, Gly162, Val167, Asp256, Gln257 and Ile298 with prehelminthosporol, Protein-ligand interaction study revealed H-bond formed three H-bonds formed by Tyr159, Gly162, and Asp256 and hydrophobic interactions formed by Ser160, Cys161, Ser162, Ile298, Lys302 and Val306 with helminthosporic acid. Protein-ligand interaction study revealed two H-bond formed by His172, Arg301 and hydrophobic interactions by Tyr159, Pro168, Asp169, Ile298 and Lys302 with sorokinianin. Protein-ligand interaction study revealed H-bond formed six H-bonds mainly formed by Glu29, Ser30, Lys32, and Ala177. In addition to H-bonds, hydrophobic contacts formed by Gly28, Gly31, Ser33, Thr34, Arg78, Val179, Thr181 and Gly209 with Bipolaroxin were also observed.
{"title":"Investigating the interaction between some of Bipolaris sorokiniana’s toxins and the Gα Subunit of the Wheat G-Protein using bioinformatics tools","authors":"Leen Dayoub","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.253","url":null,"abstract":"Spot blotch disease of wheat, caused by the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., produces several toxins like: prehelminthosporol, helminthosporol, helminthosporic acid, sorokinianin, Bipolaroxin. These toxins interact with the plant and thereby increase the symptoms of small dark lesions and huge yield losses in different regions around the world so there is an urgent need to decipher the molecular interaction between wheat and those toxins for in-depth understanding of host–pathogen interactions. In the present study, we have modeledthe three-dimensional structure of G-protein alpha subunit from Triticum aestivum as G-protein was shown that it is an important player behind the resistance to many plant diseases. Molecular docking studies were performed using the active site of the modeled G-protein alpha subunit from T. aestivumand some of fungus’s toxins followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to explore the stability, conformational flexibility, and dynamic behavior. Protein-ligand interaction study revealed one H-bond formed by Lys302 and hydrophobic contacts formed by Tyr159, Gly162, Val167, Asp256, Gln257 and Ile298 with prehelminthosporol, Protein-ligand interaction study revealed H-bond formed three H-bonds formed by Tyr159, Gly162, and Asp256 and hydrophobic interactions formed by Ser160, Cys161, Ser162, Ile298, Lys302 and Val306 with helminthosporic acid. Protein-ligand interaction study revealed two H-bond formed by His172, Arg301 and hydrophobic interactions by Tyr159, Pro168, Asp169, Ile298 and Lys302 with sorokinianin. Protein-ligand interaction study revealed H-bond formed six H-bonds mainly formed by Glu29, Ser30, Lys32, and Ala177. In addition to H-bonds, hydrophobic contacts formed by Gly28, Gly31, Ser33, Thr34, Arg78, Val179, Thr181 and Gly209 with Bipolaroxin were also observed.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126705997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.246
Baraa Qassim Dawood, Saif A. Muhson
The present study was aimed at the light microscopic examination of the oviduct and show epithelium structure of the iraqi goat oviduct, determination of the histochemical structure of the mucus secreted by epithelial cells, and muscular layers of The oviducts of Twelve healthy adult goat constituted the material of the study. using routine histological techniques by using Hematoxylin and eosin , masson trichrom for Histochemically, it was observed by using Pas Alcian Histological observations revealed that the oviduct consists of 4 layers of mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa. The primary and secondary folds increase both in number and in height in infundibulum and ampulla while less in number in isthmus. Epithelium of folds was composed of simple columnar, although seems pseudostratified in some areas, and contains ciliated and secretory cells. Histomorphometric examinations of three regions demonstrated that the mean height of primary folds increase and the mean thickness of tunica muscularis in isthmus The mean thickness of mucosa-submucosa in ampulla More visibility of the ciliated cells and mucosal folds in infundibulum and ampulla the thick tunica muscularis in isthmus transports sperm cells up; and both require promoting secretory products were increased in the tip of the mucosal fold than in the base. Conclusion By using light microscopic examinations lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium. Mucosal folds were maximum in number in the tubual part of infundibulum, ampulla and least in isthmus in all stages of the animal. The propria–submucosa was comprised of loose connective tissue with blood vessels, abundant amount of collagen fibres and few reticular fibers histochemical staining demonstrated by means of the PAS reaction, and it was observed that secretion increased progressively towards the isthmus.
{"title":"Histological study of oviduct in adult Iraqi Black Goat","authors":"Baraa Qassim Dawood, Saif A. Muhson","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i1.246","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed at the light microscopic examination of the oviduct and show epithelium structure of the iraqi goat oviduct, determination of the histochemical structure of the mucus secreted by epithelial cells, and muscular layers of The oviducts of Twelve healthy adult goat constituted the material of the study. using routine histological techniques by using Hematoxylin and eosin , masson trichrom for Histochemically, it was observed by using Pas Alcian Histological observations revealed that the oviduct consists of 4 layers of mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa. The primary and secondary folds increase both in number and in height in infundibulum and ampulla while less in number in isthmus. Epithelium of folds was composed of simple columnar, although seems pseudostratified in some areas, and contains ciliated and secretory cells. Histomorphometric examinations of three regions demonstrated that the mean height of primary folds increase and the mean thickness of tunica muscularis in isthmus The mean thickness of mucosa-submucosa in ampulla More visibility of the ciliated cells and mucosal folds in infundibulum and ampulla the thick tunica muscularis in isthmus transports sperm cells up; and both require promoting secretory products were increased in the tip of the mucosal fold than in the base. Conclusion By using light microscopic examinations lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium. Mucosal folds were maximum in number in the tubual part of infundibulum, ampulla and least in isthmus in all stages of the animal. The propria–submucosa was comprised of loose connective tissue with blood vessels, abundant amount of collagen fibres and few reticular fibers histochemical staining demonstrated by means of the PAS reaction, and it was observed that secretion increased progressively towards the isthmus.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114228838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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