El presente es una revisión bibliográfica, acerca de grandes acontecimientos surgidos durante el estudio de los virus, desde la antigüedad hasta los actuales días. Así mismo, es de notable relevancia mencionar que el dinamismo de los virus y la aparición de nuevas metodologías de diagnósticos e innovaciones, han conllevado al surgimiento y resurgimiento de esta disciplina, de importancia en Agricultura, Vida Silvestre, Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública, entre otras.
{"title":"La Virología y sus grandes acontecimientos","authors":"Coello Peralta Roberto","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.633","url":null,"abstract":"El presente es una revisión bibliográfica, acerca de grandes acontecimientos surgidos durante el estudio de los virus, desde la antigüedad hasta los actuales días. Así mismo, es de notable relevancia mencionar que el dinamismo de los virus y la aparición de nuevas metodologías de diagnósticos e innovaciones, han conllevado al surgimiento y resurgimiento de esta disciplina, de importancia en Agricultura, Vida Silvestre, Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública, entre otras.","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125046539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de impacto que la integración de la competencia digital en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática. La tendencia mediática por el uso masivo de tecnologías móviles con conexión a Internet, son directrices que generan cambios en la forma de aprender y acceder al conocimiento en una sociedad digitalizada. Este estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo no experimental descriptivo. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 150 estudiantes y profesores del área de matemáticas de nivel medio de Ecuador. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los encuestados tienen opiniones negativas acerca del impacto que tiene la competencia digital en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática, no por el desconocimiento de su aplicación, sino, por falta de conocimiento y dominio para aplicarlas en la docencia.
{"title":"La competencia digital docente y su impacto en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática","authors":"Jorge Revelo-Rosero, Edwin Vinicio Lozano, Paco Bastidas Romo","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.630","url":null,"abstract":"La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de impacto que la integración de la competencia digital en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática. La tendencia mediática por el uso masivo de tecnologías móviles con conexión a Internet, son directrices que generan cambios en la forma de aprender y acceder al conocimiento en una sociedad digitalizada. Este estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo no experimental descriptivo. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 150 estudiantes y profesores del área de matemáticas de nivel medio de Ecuador. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los encuestados tienen opiniones negativas acerca del impacto que tiene la competencia digital en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática, no por el desconocimiento de su aplicación, sino, por falta de conocimiento y dominio para aplicarlas en la docencia.","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124423173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Argentina Muñoz, Norma Esperanza Silva Lima, Cristina Vimane González Osorio, Fanny de Lourdes Ronquillo Moran
Eventos adversos por cortopunzantes en el personal de un centro de atención de la ciudad de Guayaquil, se obtuvo los siguientes resultados de 63 personas del equipo de salud. El 54% del personal de salud ha sufrido accidentes por lo menos una vez, el 46% nunca ha sufrido accidentes. El 50% del personal de salud que ha tenido accidente por corto punzante aplicando inyecciones, un 18% en extracción de muestra de sangre, un 12% reencapuchamiento de aguja, un 9% en sutura, y existe una igualdad con un 6% en limpieza de material y desecho de material. El 74% el evento adverso por corto punzante con Aguja recta, el 18% con frasco/ampolla rota, el 9% con aguja roma y existe una igualdad con el 0% entre bisturí y catéter. No hubo complicaciones luego del evento adverso en el 100% en el personal. Un 59% del personal de salud no cumple el protocolo de corto punzante, mientras que un 41% si lo cumple. Recomendaciones. – Capacitar continuamente al personal de salud, fomentar la técnica del no re-encapuchado de las agujas,gestionar el uso de guardianes optimizando las áreas de mayor necesidad
{"title":"Eventos adversos por cortopunzantes en el equipo de salud de una institucion de la ciudad de Guayaquil","authors":"Olga Argentina Muñoz, Norma Esperanza Silva Lima, Cristina Vimane González Osorio, Fanny de Lourdes Ronquillo Moran","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.622","url":null,"abstract":"Eventos adversos por cortopunzantes en el personal de un centro de atención de la ciudad de Guayaquil, se obtuvo los siguientes resultados de 63 personas del equipo de salud. El 54% del personal de salud ha sufrido accidentes por lo menos una vez, el 46% nunca ha sufrido accidentes. El 50% del personal de salud que ha tenido accidente por corto punzante aplicando inyecciones, un 18% en extracción de muestra de sangre, un 12% reencapuchamiento de aguja, un 9% en sutura, y existe una igualdad con un 6% en limpieza de material y desecho de material. El 74% el evento adverso por corto punzante con Aguja recta, el 18% con frasco/ampolla rota, el 9% con aguja roma y existe una igualdad con el 0% entre bisturí y catéter. No hubo complicaciones luego del evento adverso en el 100% en el personal. Un 59% del personal de salud no cumple el protocolo de corto punzante, mientras que un 41% si lo cumple. Recomendaciones. – Capacitar continuamente al personal de salud, fomentar la técnica del no re-encapuchado de las agujas,gestionar el uso de guardianes optimizando las áreas de mayor necesidad","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115261614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Daniela Ycaza Haro, Carlos Giovanny Manzo Fernández, Lucila María Sylva Morán
Introducción Las otitis externas son afecciones inflamatorias localizadas en los conductos auditivos externos de diferentes causas. Los signos clínicos incluyen sacudidas cefálicas, prurito, dolor, olor y exudación. Su diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica, el examen físico y las pruebas microscópicas respectivas. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la Prevalencia de Otodectes cynotis, la predisposición según sexo, edad, raza e higiene del oído de los caninos atendidos en dos centros veterinarios. Materiales y métodos Este estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, analizado mediante estadística simple. Resultados del 2% de la prevalencia general a la patología, mayor frecuencia de la Otocariasis en machos con 3,5% de casos positivos, quienes presentan orejas caídas en un 2,8% de los caninos; en animales jóvenes, entre 2,9 de los adultos y 3,1 de los geriátricos. La higiene es un factor determinante, favorece a una mayor predisposición de la Otocariasis en los cuales no se registró ninguna higiene auricular (50%). Conclusiones las orejas caídas con mucha lana y poca aireación favorece a la mala higiene y a la presencia del parásito. Los animales adultos y geriátricos quienes conviven con otros de su especie son los más predispuestos a adquirir el parásito.
{"title":"Prevalencia de Otodectes cynotis en Canis lupus familiaris que presentan otitis externa, en dos clínicas veterinarias ubicadas en los cantones Daule y Samborondón","authors":"María Daniela Ycaza Haro, Carlos Giovanny Manzo Fernández, Lucila María Sylva Morán","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.632","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción Las otitis externas son afecciones inflamatorias localizadas en los conductos auditivos externos de diferentes causas. Los signos clínicos incluyen sacudidas cefálicas, prurito, dolor, olor y exudación. Su diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica, el examen físico y las pruebas microscópicas respectivas. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la Prevalencia de Otodectes cynotis, la predisposición según sexo, edad, raza e higiene del oído de los caninos atendidos en dos centros veterinarios. Materiales y métodos Este estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, analizado mediante estadística simple. Resultados del 2% de la prevalencia general a la patología, mayor frecuencia de la Otocariasis en machos con 3,5% de casos positivos, quienes presentan orejas caídas en un 2,8% de los caninos; en animales jóvenes, entre 2,9 de los adultos y 3,1 de los geriátricos. La higiene es un factor determinante, favorece a una mayor predisposición de la Otocariasis en los cuales no se registró ninguna higiene auricular (50%). Conclusiones las orejas caídas con mucha lana y poca aireación favorece a la mala higiene y a la presencia del parásito. Los animales adultos y geriátricos quienes conviven con otros de su especie son los más predispuestos a adquirir el parásito.","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122987469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction.The present research is about the management of the organizational communication of the Cooperativa Campo de Unión y Progreso of San Isidro CUPSI Ltda. Manabí - Ecuador, the study focused on the speeches that every company offers through its publicity, information of the administration and the real facts, elements studied based on ethics and the process of credibility - trust in the psychological structure of the public. Goal.Analyze communicative management based on ethics and its effect on the image and reputation they have in the public of reciprocal interest. Materials and methods. It is a quantitative and qualitative research to describe the data that determine its impact on intangible assets. ResultsIt is considered that the publicity issued has a low level of readability, institutional communication towards partners generates distrust, and the level of internal communication is very low due to a weak culture. Discussion. Facts and messages that the cooperative issues, are not being planned to be taxed to the business objectives, which have built their identity, as a socially responsible company; but the information is not transparent, Conclusionsthe assessment that the public understands and believes of it, according to the research.
介绍。本研究是关于圣伊西德罗CUPSI有限公司Unión y progress合作社的组织沟通管理。Manabí -厄瓜多尔，该研究侧重于每个公司通过其宣传提供的演讲，行政信息和真实事实，基于道德和信誉过程研究的要素-公众心理结构中的信任。的目标。分析基于道德的沟通管理及其对他们在互惠利益的公众中的形象和声誉的影响。材料和方法。描述决定其对无形资产影响的数据是一项定量和定性研究。结果认为发布的宣传可读性较低，对合作伙伴的制度性沟通产生不信任，由于文化薄弱，内部沟通水平很低。讨论。事实和信息，合作的问题，没有被计划征税的业务目标，这已经建立了自己的身份，作为一个对社会负责的公司;但信息不透明，结论是公众理解和相信它的评估，根据研究。
{"title":"Organizational communication from an ethical perspective","authors":"Mayra Espinoza Arauz, María José Perdomo Vélez","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.576","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction.The present research is about the management of the organizational communication of the Cooperativa Campo de Unión y Progreso of San Isidro CUPSI Ltda. Manabí - Ecuador, the study focused on the speeches that every company offers through its publicity, information of the administration and the real facts, elements studied based on ethics and the process of credibility - trust in the psychological structure of the public. Goal.Analyze communicative management based on ethics and its effect on the image and reputation they have in the public of reciprocal interest. Materials and methods. It is a quantitative and qualitative research to describe the data that determine its impact on intangible assets. ResultsIt is considered that the publicity issued has a low level of readability, institutional communication towards partners generates distrust, and the level of internal communication is very low due to a weak culture. Discussion. Facts and messages that the cooperative issues, are not being planned to be taxed to the business objectives, which have built their identity, as a socially responsible company; but the information is not transparent, Conclusionsthe assessment that the public understands and believes of it, according to the research.","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123807539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction The research was based on the study of anxiety and its relationship with academic performance in 163 Psychology students through the revision of the grades registered in the Academic Management System. Objectiveto assess the effect of anxiety and stress on academic performance. Materials and methodsthe application of the Hamilton anxiety scale and a survey that allowed to identify factors of the classroom climate, is of descriptive type, of qualitative-quantitative, correlational and statistical approach. Resultsdenote a significant relationship between the variables, according to the Pearson coefficient p = 0.777 with a level of bilateral significance less than 0.05. DiscussionAnxiety is perceived in all students with good academic performance, but no clear evidence is established that demonstrates that anxiety affects academic success or failure. ConclusionsThe classroom climate was rated as very good and does not interfere with student performance. These data allow the emergence of new research that clarifies what other factors interfere with academic performance.
{"title":"The anxiety and the relation in the academic performance of the students of the career of Psychology of the Technical University of Manabí","authors":"Eleticia Isabel Pinargote Macías, Liliana Carolina Caicedo Guale, Luis Guillermo Vélez Arévalo","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.577","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The research was based on the study of anxiety and its relationship with academic performance in 163 Psychology students through the revision of the grades registered in the Academic Management System. Objectiveto assess the effect of anxiety and stress on academic performance. Materials and methodsthe application of the Hamilton anxiety scale and a survey that allowed to identify factors of the classroom climate, is of descriptive type, of qualitative-quantitative, correlational and statistical approach. Resultsdenote a significant relationship between the variables, according to the Pearson coefficient p = 0.777 with a level of bilateral significance less than 0.05. DiscussionAnxiety is perceived in all students with good academic performance, but no clear evidence is established that demonstrates that anxiety affects academic success or failure. ConclusionsThe classroom climate was rated as very good and does not interfere with student performance. These data allow the emergence of new research that clarifies what other factors interfere with academic performance.","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131284230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. The rainwater collection systems are an alternative to face the shortage of the resource in rural areas or with poor access to the same Objective. Design rainwater collection systems for municipalities of Cundinamarca evaluating their functionality and hydraulic capacity Materials and methods. The research is of a quantitative type focused on defining climatological variables, flow rates and system performance. Results. In the year 2018, 2 undergraduate projects of 4 students of the civil engineering program belonging to the investigation Group were presented Conclusion. The prefabricated systems that are commercialized at the national level have the capacity to manage the flow captured in the analyzed sites. Discussion. Within the exercise, the proposal for the design of water catchment systems using recycled material, a process under development in the seedbed, and a project focused on the improvement of water quality, is highlighted
{"title":"Design of rainwater collection systems, a commitment to conservation","authors":"C. Rodríguez","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.573","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The rainwater collection systems are an alternative to face the shortage of the resource in rural areas or with poor access to the same Objective. Design rainwater collection systems for municipalities of Cundinamarca evaluating their functionality and hydraulic capacity Materials and methods. The research is of a quantitative type focused on defining climatological variables, flow rates and system performance. Results. In the year 2018, 2 undergraduate projects of 4 students of the civil engineering program belonging to the investigation Group were presented Conclusion. The prefabricated systems that are commercialized at the national level have the capacity to manage the flow captured in the analyzed sites. Discussion. Within the exercise, the proposal for the design of water catchment systems using recycled material, a process under development in the seedbed, and a project focused on the improvement of water quality, is highlighted","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121167595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction.Divorce is the dissolution of marriage, this behavior of the couple directly affects the children, even more so when they oscillate four years of age. Emotions in children are violated, affecting them in their actions and acquiring disruptive behaviors; showing aggressive, impulsive and conflicting with their parents, teachers and colleagues. Objective.Analyze the damage that this causes directly to children, in this way hurt feelings and emotions are altered, because their young age does not understand that being separated does not mean that their parents stop "loving". Materials and methods.Field research was used, which helps to determine the possible causes and as a determining factor the effect of the emotional development of children in childhood. To obtain information, instruments were used, such as surveys of parents and an observation card for children, allowing to corroborate that the emotional factor in children is fundamental for their biopsychosocial development. Results.They were tabulated and analyzed. Conclusion. Children of parents divorced children feel affected in their development, which is evident in their behavior, in the way they feel and express their emotions before others.
{"title":"Divorce: How Does Children Affect Children Emotionally?","authors":"Jeanneth Salvador Brito, Lorena Bodero Arízaga","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.578","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction.Divorce is the dissolution of marriage, this behavior of the couple directly affects the children, even more so when they oscillate four years of age. Emotions in children are violated, affecting them in their actions and acquiring disruptive behaviors; showing aggressive, impulsive and conflicting with their parents, teachers and colleagues. Objective.Analyze the damage that this causes directly to children, in this way hurt feelings and emotions are altered, because their young age does not understand that being separated does not mean that their parents stop \"loving\". Materials and methods.Field research was used, which helps to determine the possible causes and as a determining factor the effect of the emotional development of children in childhood. To obtain information, instruments were used, such as surveys of parents and an observation card for children, allowing to corroborate that the emotional factor in children is fundamental for their biopsychosocial development. Results.They were tabulated and analyzed. Conclusion. Children of parents divorced children feel affected in their development, which is evident in their behavior, in the way they feel and express their emotions before others.","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129667876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Nowadays parasitic diseases represent a public health problem that causes morbidity and mortality rate in child population. Objective.To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites of the child population from 0 to 3 years old that belong to the CIBV of zone number 7 in Ecuador. Materials and method.A retrospective and analytic study was carried out. The population consisted of 5032 children and 432 were considered as the sample of this study. The analysis of the data was done by means of the Chi-square. Results.62,2% of the studied population had intestinal parasites with a high prevalence of protozoa which represents 57,4%. Conclusion.The child population is more susceptible to get this type of infection due to multiple factors.
{"title":"Intestinal parasitosis in children from 1 to 3 years of the good living centers of children in zone 7 - Ecuador","authors":"L. Celi, Gladys Jumbo, M. Luzuriaga, I. Zúñiga","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.579","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Nowadays parasitic diseases represent a public health problem that causes morbidity and mortality rate in child population. Objective.To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites of the child population from 0 to 3 years old that belong to the CIBV of zone number 7 in Ecuador. Materials and method.A retrospective and analytic study was carried out. The population consisted of 5032 children and 432 were considered as the sample of this study. The analysis of the data was done by means of the Chi-square. Results.62,2% of the studied population had intestinal parasites with a high prevalence of protozoa which represents 57,4%. Conclusion.The child population is more susceptible to get this type of infection due to multiple factors. ","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"447 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116187944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntroductionThe field of traditional diplomacy has changed very little since the Congress of Vienna in the 19thcentury. Globalization, non-traditional security threats, and a changing global landscape require a more flexible diplomacy that includes a wider range of stakeholders such as NGOs, community leaders, and most importantly scholars/academics.ObjectiveThe academic freedom enjoyed by scholars allows them to explore policy questions from a scientific perspective Materials and methods the present study follows the grounded theory approach to model development while adopting a largely constructivist paradigm in terms of the nature of diplomacy Resultthe academic freedom enjoyed by scholars allows them to explore policy questions from a scientific perspective. Thus, scholars have the freedom to explore controversial topics in an environment of respect and professionalism. Discussion Scholars have historically served as the conscience of their generation and also as the keepers and creators of civilization and therefore it is only natural for them to play important roles in public policy Conclusions The integration of the scholarly community into the diplomatic corps of developing countries can reduce the intrinsic asymmetry between the expertise and skills of the ministries of foreign
{"title":"Flexible Diplomacy: Scholars as Key Players in Track II Diplomacy","authors":"Otto F. von Feigenblatt","doi":"10.31876/ER.V3I28.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31876/ER.V3I28.574","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe field of traditional diplomacy has changed very little since the Congress of Vienna in the 19thcentury. Globalization, non-traditional security threats, and a changing global landscape require a more flexible diplomacy that includes a wider range of stakeholders such as NGOs, community leaders, and most importantly scholars/academics.ObjectiveThe academic freedom enjoyed by scholars allows them to explore policy questions from a scientific perspective Materials and methods the present study follows the grounded theory approach to model development while adopting a largely constructivist paradigm in terms of the nature of diplomacy Resultthe academic freedom enjoyed by scholars allows them to explore policy questions from a scientific perspective. Thus, scholars have the freedom to explore controversial topics in an environment of respect and professionalism. Discussion Scholars have historically served as the conscience of their generation and also as the keepers and creators of civilization and therefore it is only natural for them to play important roles in public policy Conclusions The integration of the scholarly community into the diplomatic corps of developing countries can reduce the intrinsic asymmetry between the expertise and skills of the ministries of foreign","PeriodicalId":102247,"journal":{"name":"Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126026836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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