Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad9b68
Koustav Chandra
Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors, with their improved sensitivity and wider frequency bandwidth, will be capable of observing almost every compact binary coalescence signal from epochs before the first stars began to form, increasing the number of detectable binaries to hundreds of thousands annually. This will enable us to observe compact objects through cosmic time, probe extreme matter phenomena, do precision cosmology, study gravity in strong field dynamical regimes and potentially allow observation of fundamental physics beyond the standard model. However, the richer data sets produced by these detectors will pose new computational, physical and astrophysical challenges, necessitating the development of novel algorithms and data analysis strategies. To aid in these efforts, this paper introduces gwforge, a user-friendly, lightweight Python package, to generate mock data for next-generation detectors. gwforge allows users to seamlessly simulate data while abstracting away technical complexities, enabling more efficient testing and development of analysis pipelines. Additionally, the package’s data generation process is optimized using high-throughput systems like HTCondor, significantly speeding up the simulation of large populations of gravitational-wave events. We demonstrate the package’s capabilities through data simulation examples and highlight a few potential applications: performance loss due to foreground noise, bright-siren cosmology and impact of waveform systematics on binary parameter estimation.
{"title":"gwforge: a user-friendly package to generate gravitational-wave mock data","authors":"Koustav Chandra","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad9b68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad9b68","url":null,"abstract":"Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors, with their improved sensitivity and wider frequency bandwidth, will be capable of observing almost every compact binary coalescence signal from epochs before the first stars began to form, increasing the number of detectable binaries to hundreds of thousands annually. This will enable us to observe compact objects through cosmic time, probe extreme matter phenomena, do precision cosmology, study gravity in strong field dynamical regimes and potentially allow observation of fundamental physics beyond the standard model. However, the richer data sets produced by these detectors will pose new computational, physical and astrophysical challenges, necessitating the development of novel algorithms and data analysis strategies. To aid in these efforts, this paper introduces gwforge, a user-friendly, lightweight Python package, to generate mock data for next-generation detectors. gwforge allows users to seamlessly simulate data while abstracting away technical complexities, enabling more efficient testing and development of analysis pipelines. Additionally, the package’s data generation process is optimized using high-throughput systems like HTCondor, significantly speeding up the simulation of large populations of gravitational-wave events. We demonstrate the package’s capabilities through data simulation examples and highlight a few potential applications: performance loss due to foreground noise, bright-siren cosmology and impact of waveform systematics on binary parameter estimation.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad9880
Chad Briddon, Timothy Clifton and Pierre Fleury
We consider the emergence of large-scale cosmological expansion in scalar–tensor theories of gravity. This is achieved by modelling sub-horizon regions of space-time as weak-field expansions around Minkowski space, and then subsequently joining many such regions together to create a statistically homogeneous and isotropic cosmology. We find that when the scalar field can be treated perturbatively, the cosmological behaviour that emerges is well modelled by the Friedmann solutions of the theory. When non-perturbative screening mechanisms occur this result no longer holds, and in the case of scalar fields subject to the chameleon mechanism we find significant deviations from the expected Friedmann behaviour. In particular, the screened mass no longer contributes to the Klein–Gordon equation, suppressing deviations from general relativistic behaviour.
{"title":"Emergent cosmological expansion in scalar–tensor theories of gravity","authors":"Chad Briddon, Timothy Clifton and Pierre Fleury","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad9880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad9880","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the emergence of large-scale cosmological expansion in scalar–tensor theories of gravity. This is achieved by modelling sub-horizon regions of space-time as weak-field expansions around Minkowski space, and then subsequently joining many such regions together to create a statistically homogeneous and isotropic cosmology. We find that when the scalar field can be treated perturbatively, the cosmological behaviour that emerges is well modelled by the Friedmann solutions of the theory. When non-perturbative screening mechanisms occur this result no longer holds, and in the case of scalar fields subject to the chameleon mechanism we find significant deviations from the expected Friedmann behaviour. In particular, the screened mass no longer contributes to the Klein–Gordon equation, suppressing deviations from general relativistic behaviour.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad997a
J-B Roux
We show that the consequences of a recent paper on quantum gravity are (1) a duality between point particles and massive scalar propagators, (2) the recovery of the entropy of a boundary (a black hole) in the same form as that of the EFT approach to quantum gravity and (3) a quantum correction to Hawking radiations and a Page-like curve. In this recent paper, information about what lies inside a boundary is encoded onto it, meaning that in this approach the information directly leaks from the horizon to the bulk in the form of Hawking radiations.
{"title":"Liouville theory on a horizon: point particle/scalar field duality and Page-like curve","authors":"J-B Roux","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad997a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad997a","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the consequences of a recent paper on quantum gravity are (1) a duality between point particles and massive scalar propagators, (2) the recovery of the entropy of a boundary (a black hole) in the same form as that of the EFT approach to quantum gravity and (3) a quantum correction to Hawking radiations and a Page-like curve. In this recent paper, information about what lies inside a boundary is encoded onto it, meaning that in this approach the information directly leaks from the horizon to the bulk in the form of Hawking radiations.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad9216
Laurent Freidel, Seyed Faroogh Moosavian and Daniele Pranzetti
We propose a solution to a classic problem in gravitational physics consisting of defining the spin associated with asymptotically-flat spacetimes. We advocate that the correct asymptotic symmetry algebra to approach this problem is the generalized–BMS algebra instead of the BMS algebra used hitherto in the literature for which a notion of spin is generically unavailable. We approach the problem of defining the spin charges from the perspective of coadjoint orbits of and construct the complete set of Casimir invariants that determine coadjoint orbits, using the notion of vorticity for . This allows us to introduce spin charges for as the generators of area-preserving diffeomorphisms forming its isotropy subalgebra. To elucidate the parallelism between our analysis and the Poincaré case, we clarify several features of the Poincaré embedding in and reveal the presence of condensate fields associated with the symmetry breaking from to Poincaré. We also introduce the notion of a rest frame available only for this extended algebra. This allows us to construct, from the spin generator, the gravitational analog of the Pauli–Lubański pseudo-vector. Finally, we obtain the moment map, which we use to construct the gravitational spin charges and gravitational Casimirs from their dual algebra counterparts.
{"title":"On the definition of the spin charge in asymptotically-flat spacetimes","authors":"Laurent Freidel, Seyed Faroogh Moosavian and Daniele Pranzetti","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad9216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad9216","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a solution to a classic problem in gravitational physics consisting of defining the spin associated with asymptotically-flat spacetimes. We advocate that the correct asymptotic symmetry algebra to approach this problem is the generalized–BMS algebra instead of the BMS algebra used hitherto in the literature for which a notion of spin is generically unavailable. We approach the problem of defining the spin charges from the perspective of coadjoint orbits of and construct the complete set of Casimir invariants that determine coadjoint orbits, using the notion of vorticity for . This allows us to introduce spin charges for as the generators of area-preserving diffeomorphisms forming its isotropy subalgebra. To elucidate the parallelism between our analysis and the Poincaré case, we clarify several features of the Poincaré embedding in and reveal the presence of condensate fields associated with the symmetry breaking from to Poincaré. We also introduce the notion of a rest frame available only for this extended algebra. This allows us to construct, from the spin generator, the gravitational analog of the Pauli–Lubański pseudo-vector. Finally, we obtain the moment map, which we use to construct the gravitational spin charges and gravitational Casimirs from their dual algebra counterparts.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad9797
Zuzanna Bakun, Angelika Łukanty, Anastasiia Untilova, Adam Cieślik and Patryk Mach
We revisit the theory of timelike and null geodesics in the (extended) Kerr spacetime. This work is a sequel to a recent paper by Cieślik, Hackmann, and Mach, who applied the so-called Biermann–Weierstrass formula to integrate Kerr geodesic equations expressed in Boyer–Lindquist coordinates. We show that a formulation based on the Biermann–Weierstrass theorem can also be applied in horizon-penetrating Kerr coordinates, resulting in solutions that are smooth across Kerr horizons. Horizon-penetrating Kerr coordinates allow for an explicit continuation of timelike and null geodesics between appropriate regions of the maximal analytic extension of the Kerr spacetime. A part of this work is devoted to a graphic visualisation of such geodesics.
{"title":"Kerr geodesics in horizon-penetrating Kerr coordinates: description in terms of Weierstrass functions","authors":"Zuzanna Bakun, Angelika Łukanty, Anastasiia Untilova, Adam Cieślik and Patryk Mach","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad9797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad9797","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit the theory of timelike and null geodesics in the (extended) Kerr spacetime. This work is a sequel to a recent paper by Cieślik, Hackmann, and Mach, who applied the so-called Biermann–Weierstrass formula to integrate Kerr geodesic equations expressed in Boyer–Lindquist coordinates. We show that a formulation based on the Biermann–Weierstrass theorem can also be applied in horizon-penetrating Kerr coordinates, resulting in solutions that are smooth across Kerr horizons. Horizon-penetrating Kerr coordinates allow for an explicit continuation of timelike and null geodesics between appropriate regions of the maximal analytic extension of the Kerr spacetime. A part of this work is devoted to a graphic visualisation of such geodesics.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad9881
Nina Cordes, Andrea Mitridate, Kai Schmitz, Tobias Schröder and Kim Wassner
Pulsar timing array (PTA) searches for gravitational waves (GWs) aim to detect a characteristic correlation pattern in the timing residuals of galactic millisecond pulsars. This pattern is described by the PTA overlap reduction function (ORF) , which is known as the Hellings–Downs (HD) curve in general relativity (GR). In theories of modified gravity, the HD curve often receives corrections. Assuming, e.g. a subluminal GW phase velocity, one finds a drastically enhanced ORF in the limit of small angular separations between pulsar a and pulsar b in the sky, . In particular, working in harmonic space and performing an approximate resummation of all multipole contributions, the auto correlation coefficient Γaa seems to diverge. In this paper, we confirm that this divergence is unphysical and provide an exact and analytical expression for Γaa in dependence of the pulsar distance La and the GW phase velocity . In the GR limit and assuming a large pulsar distance, our expression reduces to . In the case of subluminal phase velocity, we show that the regularization of the naive divergent result is a finite-distance effect, meaning that Γaa scales linearly with fLa, where f is the GW frequency. For superluminal phase velocity (subluminal group velocity), which is relevant in the case of massive gravity, we correct an earlier analytical result for Γab. Our results pave the way for fitting modified-gravity theories with nonstandard phase velocity to PTA data, which requires a proper understanding of the auto correlation coefficient Γaa.
{"title":"On the overlap reduction function of pulsar timing array searches for gravitational waves in modified gravity","authors":"Nina Cordes, Andrea Mitridate, Kai Schmitz, Tobias Schröder and Kim Wassner","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad9881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad9881","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsar timing array (PTA) searches for gravitational waves (GWs) aim to detect a characteristic correlation pattern in the timing residuals of galactic millisecond pulsars. This pattern is described by the PTA overlap reduction function (ORF) , which is known as the Hellings–Downs (HD) curve in general relativity (GR). In theories of modified gravity, the HD curve often receives corrections. Assuming, e.g. a subluminal GW phase velocity, one finds a drastically enhanced ORF in the limit of small angular separations between pulsar a and pulsar b in the sky, . In particular, working in harmonic space and performing an approximate resummation of all multipole contributions, the auto correlation coefficient Γaa seems to diverge. In this paper, we confirm that this divergence is unphysical and provide an exact and analytical expression for Γaa in dependence of the pulsar distance La and the GW phase velocity . In the GR limit and assuming a large pulsar distance, our expression reduces to . In the case of subluminal phase velocity, we show that the regularization of the naive divergent result is a finite-distance effect, meaning that Γaa scales linearly with fLa, where f is the GW frequency. For superluminal phase velocity (subluminal group velocity), which is relevant in the case of massive gravity, we correct an earlier analytical result for Γab. Our results pave the way for fitting modified-gravity theories with nonstandard phase velocity to PTA data, which requires a proper understanding of the auto correlation coefficient Γaa.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad922f
Philip K Schwartz
We give a full classification of general affine connections on Galilei manifolds in terms of independently specifiable tensor fields. This generalises the well-known case of (torsional) Galilei connections, i.e. connections compatible with the metric structure of the Galilei manifold. Similarly to the well-known pseudo-Riemannian case, the additional freedom for connections that are not metric-compatible lies in the covariant derivatives of the two tensors defining the metric structure (the clock form and the space metric), which however are not fully independent of each other.
{"title":"The classification of general affine connections in Newton–Cartan geometry: towards metric-affine Newton–Cartan gravity","authors":"Philip K Schwartz","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad922f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad922f","url":null,"abstract":"We give a full classification of general affine connections on Galilei manifolds in terms of independently specifiable tensor fields. This generalises the well-known case of (torsional) Galilei connections, i.e. connections compatible with the metric structure of the Galilei manifold. Similarly to the well-known pseudo-Riemannian case, the additional freedom for connections that are not metric-compatible lies in the covariant derivatives of the two tensors defining the metric structure (the clock form and the space metric), which however are not fully independent of each other.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad98df
L Gavassino
We study the internal dynamics of a hypothetical spaceship traveling on a close timelike curve in an axially symmetric Universe. We choose the curve so that the generator of evolution in proper time is the angular momentum. Using Wigner’s theorem, we prove that the energy levels internal to the spaceship must undergo spontaneous discretization. The level separation turns out to be finely tuned so that, after completing a roundtrip of the curve, all systems are back to their initial state. This implies, for example, that the memories of an observer inside the spaceship are necessarily erased by the end of the journey. More in general, if there is an increase in entropy, a Poincaré cycle will eventually reverse it by the end of the loop, forcing entropy to decrease back to its initial value. We show that such decrease in entropy is in agreement with the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. The non-existence of time-travel paradoxes follows as a rigorous corollary of our analysis.
{"title":"Life on a closed timelike curve","authors":"L Gavassino","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad98df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad98df","url":null,"abstract":"We study the internal dynamics of a hypothetical spaceship traveling on a close timelike curve in an axially symmetric Universe. We choose the curve so that the generator of evolution in proper time is the angular momentum. Using Wigner’s theorem, we prove that the energy levels internal to the spaceship must undergo spontaneous discretization. The level separation turns out to be finely tuned so that, after completing a roundtrip of the curve, all systems are back to their initial state. This implies, for example, that the memories of an observer inside the spaceship are necessarily erased by the end of the journey. More in general, if there is an increase in entropy, a Poincaré cycle will eventually reverse it by the end of the loop, forcing entropy to decrease back to its initial value. We show that such decrease in entropy is in agreement with the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. The non-existence of time-travel paradoxes follows as a rigorous corollary of our analysis.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad942d
Alireza Rashti and Andrew Noe
This work introduces the Elliptica pseudo-spectral code for generating initial data of binary neutron star systems. Building upon the recent Elliptica code update, we can now construct initial data using not only piecewise polytropic equations of state, but also tabulated equations of state for these binary systems. Furthermore, the code allows us to endow neutron stars within the binary system with spins. These spins can have a magnitude close to the mass shedding limit and can point in any direction.
{"title":"Realistic binary neutron star initial data with Elliptica","authors":"Alireza Rashti and Andrew Noe","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad942d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad942d","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces the Elliptica pseudo-spectral code for generating initial data of binary neutron star systems. Building upon the recent Elliptica code update, we can now construct initial data using not only piecewise polytropic equations of state, but also tabulated equations of state for these binary systems. Furthermore, the code allows us to endow neutron stars within the binary system with spins. These spins can have a magnitude close to the mass shedding limit and can point in any direction.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ad94c5
L D’Onofrio, P Astone, S Dal Pra, S D’Antonio, M Di Giovanni, R De Rosa, P Leaci, S Mastrogiovanni, L Mirasola, F Muciaccia, C Palomba and L Pierini
This work explores the relation between two data-analysis methods used in the search for continuous gravitational waves in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data: the -statistic and the 5-vector method. We show that the 5-vector method can be derived from a maximum likelihood framework similar to the -statistic. Our analysis demonstrates that the two methods are statistically equivalent, providing the same detection probability for a given false alarm rate. We extend this comparison to multiple detectors, highlighting differences from the standard approach that simply combines 5-vectors from each detector. In our maximum likelihood approach, each 5-vector is weighted by the observation time and sensitivity of its respective detector, resulting in efficient estimators and analytical distributions for the detection statistic. Additionally, we present the analytical computation of sensitivity for different searches, expressed in terms of the minimum detectable amplitude.
{"title":"Two sides of the same coin: the F ...","authors":"L D’Onofrio, P Astone, S Dal Pra, S D’Antonio, M Di Giovanni, R De Rosa, P Leaci, S Mastrogiovanni, L Mirasola, F Muciaccia, C Palomba and L Pierini","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ad94c5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ad94c5","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the relation between two data-analysis methods used in the search for continuous gravitational waves in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data: the -statistic and the 5-vector method. We show that the 5-vector method can be derived from a maximum likelihood framework similar to the -statistic. Our analysis demonstrates that the two methods are statistically equivalent, providing the same detection probability for a given false alarm rate. We extend this comparison to multiple detectors, highlighting differences from the standard approach that simply combines 5-vectors from each detector. In our maximum likelihood approach, each 5-vector is weighted by the observation time and sensitivity of its respective detector, resulting in efficient estimators and analytical distributions for the detection statistic. Additionally, we present the analytical computation of sensitivity for different searches, expressed in terms of the minimum detectable amplitude.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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