Chronobiology International最新文献

Therapy with local anesthetics (TLA) is known to provide long-lasting pain relief, raising the question of whether these effects are mediated by changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation. To address this, we examined alterations in 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) following TLA treatment. Twenty-four patients undergoing TLA and 11 controls were monitored with Holter-ECG over 24 h. HRV parameters including mean heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), stress index (SI), low- and high-frequency power, and total power were calculated in 15-min epochs. Changes were analyzed separately for the day and subsequent night, and the standard deviation of change between consecutive 15-min intervals was introduced as an additional parameter. TLA was associated with significant shifts in HRV within 24 h: HR and SI decreased, whereas RMSSD and low-frequency power increased, with effects most pronounced during the night. Moreover, the variability of changes between epochs was reduced across several parameters, particularly HR, RMSSD, and SI, suggesting a "smoothing" effect in HRV dynamics. These findings indicate that 24-h HRV monitoring can capture autonomic effects of TLA beyond its immediate analgesic action. The reduction of variability in HRV changes introduces a novel metric for assessing ANS modulation, offering new insight into the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of TLA.

This study examines how dietary nutrient patterns vary among individuals with different chronotypes. In other words, this research explores the potential connections between nutrient intake and circadian rhythm. In this secondary data analysis, we used data from 3,072 adult participants (mean age: 30.16 y (SD = 10.92); 49.8% males) who completed a survey between September 2022 and July 2023. Chronotypes were assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and dietary intake was measured through 24-h dietary recall. One-way ANOVA and Multinomial regression analysis were used to investigate the associations. The intermediate chronotype was the most common among participants (73% vs 13% early and 14% late chronotype). Unlike morning types, intermediate and evening chronotypes had similar demographic and dietary characteristics. Four nutrient patterns were identified: "Vit B-rich," "Plant-based," "Antioxidant," and "High-fat." "Vit B-rich pattern" was linked to a morning chronotype. Greater adherence to the "antioxidant pattern," characterized by nutrients such as vit A, vit C, and folate, was associated with a lower likelihood of being an evening type. Adherers of "high-fat pattern" were less likely to be intermediate types. "Plant-based" pattern characterized by fibre, magnesium, etc. was not associated with any chronotype. Morning chronotypes may gravitate toward or consume more foods rich in vit B. People with an intermediate chronotype may be less likely to follow a "high-fat" diet, and evening types may be less likely to follow an "antioxidant" diet. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the direction of the relationship between chronotype and dietary intake.

Disruptions in circadian rhythms have been linked to adverse metabolic outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between circadian parameters of wrist temperature (wT) and lipid profiles in Arctic residents, a population characterized by extreme photoperiodic variation. We examined associations between the MESOR, amplitude and acrophase of wT and total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and the TG/HDL-C ratio in both Native (N) and non-Native (NN) individuals, utilizing photoperiod-adjusted regression models. Analyses followed two sampling strategies: all records (n varying between 35 and 64, depending on season), and records from participants sampled in each season (seasonally balanced sample: n = 27). In NN individuals, a larger wT amplitude was significantly associated with lower TC, LDL-C, and body mass index. The MTNR1B rs10830963 genotype modulated the relationship between wT amplitude and lipid parameters: a smaller wT amplitude was significantly associated with higher TC in individuals with the CC genotype, whereas a larger wT amplitude was significantly associated with higher HDL-C and lower TG/HDL-C in individuals with the CG+GG genotypes. A higher wT MESOR was associated with lower TG and TG/HDL-C ratio in NN individuals. An earlier wT acrophase was associated with higher TC and LDL-C in NN individuals. While, as expected, an earlier wT acrophase was associated with higher Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) scores, indicative of greater morningness, surprisingly, an earlier wT acrophase was associated with higher TC and LDL-C in NN individuals. A lower MEQ score was a strong significant predictor of adverse lipid profiles exclusively in N individuals, whereas in NN individuals, the relationship with TC/LDL-C was reversed, i.e. higher TC/LDL-C was associated with an earlier wT acrophase, and an earlier phase angle between the wT acrophase and mid-sleep. Overall, circadian rhythms, as characterized by circadian parameters of wT and chronotype, are linked to lipid profiles in Arctic residents, highlighting the potential of wT circadian parameters serving as potential markers of metabolic health.

This review explores the field of multipulse drug delivery systems, emphasizing their potential to transform drug administration and improve therapeutic outcomes. Multipulse systems provide controlled and sustained medication release by emulating the body's natural rhythms and utilizing advanced technologies such as stimuli-responsive systems, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology. The review examines the classification, mechanisms, and benefits of multipulse systems, highlighting their significance in chronic disease management and personalized medicine. Integrating artificial intelligence with personalized medicine enables the development of customized drug delivery systems that improve efficacy, reduce side effects, and enhance patient compliance. As we advance toward the era of precision medicine, the combination of technological and pharmaceutical innovations shows great promise for optimizing patient care and treatment outcomes.

The aim of this study was to analyse the association between sleep timing, eating behavior, and risk of obesity. The study included 1577 participants with an average age of 19.5 ± 4.8 (range: 13-40) y, women: 76%. Each participant provided personal information and filled out five questionnaires: the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Restrained (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.24-1.92), external (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.34-2.10), and emotional (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.79-2.98) eating behaviors, were found to be independently associated with food addiction. Obesity was positively associated with restrained (β = 0.41), and emotional (β = 0.12) eating behaviours in 13-40-y-olds and with food addiction (β = 0.12) in 13-20-y-olds. Poor sleep quality was positively associated with all three types of eating behavior (β = 0.10-0.15). Restrained eating behavior was negatively associated with chronotype (β = -0.08). Emotional eating behavior was more often observed in females (β = -0.18) and in persons with depression (β = 0.16). Social jetlag was associated with the external eating behavior (β = 0.09) in 13-20-y-olds. Promising direction for further research in the field of chrononutrition is to study the relationship between chronotype, restrained eating behavior, and obesity.

Psychosocial interventions for bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) often recommend limiting caffeine intake, yet few studies have examined whether caffeine intake differentially affects mood and whether sleep disruption is a key mechanism underlying these effects. The goals of this study were to investigate concurrent and prospective relationships between caffeine intake, sleep, and mood symptoms among individuals with and without BSD and test whether caffeine intake prospectively predicts mood symptoms via its impact on sleep duration. Participants with and without BSD completed a 20-day ecological momentary assessment protocol, reporting daily caffeine consumption and mood symptoms via smartphone, and wearing wrist actigraphs to objectively measure sleep. Results from multilevel models revealed that on days when individuals consumed more caffeine than usual, they reported lower same-day depressive symptoms and higher same-day hypomanic symptoms, even after accounting for sleep duration. Results from multilevel mediation models indicated that caffeine intake was associated with increased next-day depressive symptoms, and this effect was partially mediated by shorter sleep duration. Caffeine intake also predicted higher next-day hypomanic symptoms indirectly through shorter sleep duration, though the direct effect of caffeine intake on hypomanic symptoms was not significant - consistent with full mediation. Diagnostic status did not moderate any of our findings. These findings suggest that caffeine has dynamic, time-dependent effects on mood, providing short-term mood benefits while contributing to next-day mood disruption through its impact on sleep duration. There was no evidence that caffeine intake has more deleterious mood effects for individuals with BSD relative to those without BSD.

Chronotherapeutic approaches that optimize the timing of therapy to enhance efficacy and minimize side effects are becoming mainstream. The widespread adoption of chronotherapeutic approaches is hindered by the lack of accessible, valid tools to determine circadian time. Building on evidence that gene expression profiles predict circadian time, this pilot study assessed associations between circadian phase predictions from a single blood sample, actigraphy-estimated sleep, and chronotype in a real-world setting. Twelve adults (mean age 51 y, 8 women) reporting short sleep (<7 h/night) and at risk for metabolic syndrome participated. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from 20 ml blood samples, pelleted, and stored at -80°C before RNA sequencing. Sleep was monitored over two weeks using the ActiGraph GT9X-BT, and chronotype preference was assessed with the Composite Scale of Morningness. Spearman's correlations analyzed correlations between predicted dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), sleep, and chronotype preference. Moderate-to-strong association was found between gene expression-based DLMO predictions and sleep, supporting the utility of peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression profiles for estimating circadian phase. This approach shows promise for improving chronotherapy implementation in middle-aged adults with chronic health conditions and short sleep. This study was part of a larger study that was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03596983.

Little is known about the associations between chrononutrition and sleep behaviours with glycaemic responses. Hence, this study aimed to examine the associations between chrononutrition, sleep behaviours and glycaemic outcomes among adults with prediabetes. This was a cross-sectional study within a prospective longitudinal study in Malaysia. Data on chrononutrition, sleep behaviours and sleep quality were collected using the Malay translated Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire respectively. Anthropometric measurements, body composition assessments and glycaemic measurements were obtained for all participants. Regression models were conducted to explore the associations between chrononutrition, sleep behaviours and glycaemic outcomes. A total of 142 participants with mean age of 54 ± 17 years were recruited. Consuming the first meal after 10.00 am was associated with lower odds of elevated glycaemic outcome (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%) (OR: 0.300, 95% CI: 0.107, 0.841), while having the last meal after 8.00 pm was associated with higher odds of HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (OR: 2.650, 95% CI: 1.125, 6.241). Furthermore, fasting blood glucose was positively associated with extended sleep time (β: 0.101; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.201), while higher 2-h postprandial glucose level was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality (β: 0.093; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.186). These findings demonstrate a positive association between chrononutrition, characterized by delayed meal times, and elevated HbA1c levels in individuals with prediabetes. Furthermore, extended sleep time and poor sleep quality are associated with adverse glycaemic outcomes. These results imply that postponing meal and sleep times may exacerbate glycaemic control. Therefore, further longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to validate these findings and support the dietary guidelines. Clinicaltrial.gov trial registration: NCT05163964.

Chronotype has been increasingly linked to problematic digital technology use. However, its role among individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) is not well studied. This study aimed to examine the association between chronotype and internet, social media, and smartphone addiction in BD patients. The study included 75 BD patients and 50 matched healthy controls (HC). Chronotype was measured using the Morningness - Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Digital addiction was evaluated via the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMPQ).The BD group showed significantly higher nomophobia levels compared to the HC group (p = 0.036). Within the BD group, individuals with an evening chronotype had higher IAT and NMPQ scores than their non-evening counterparts (p = 0.008 and p = 0.020), although the difference in DIU was not significant (p = 0.302). In the MEQ scores were negatively correlated with IAT in the BD group (r = -0.255, p = 0.027), and with all addiction-related measures in the HC group. Covariance analysis indicated that the associations between eveningness and both IAT and NMPQ scores remained significant after controlling for DIU (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04) in BD group. Evening chronotype is associated with higher levels of internet addiction and nomophobia, particularly among individuals with BD. Chronotype should be considered a relevant factor in understanding digital addiction patterns in BD patients.

The mediator factors of the relationship between menstrual symptom severity and mental health are still not well understood. Previous studies have suggested that evening chronotype and social jetlag are associated with poorer physical and mental health. This study aimed to examine the mediating roles of chronotype and social jetlag in understanding the relationship between menstrual symptom severity and mental health. The study was designed according to a predictive correlational model, and a total of 1,064 university students were included. To this end, one-way analysis of variance, path analysis, mediation analysis, and multiple regression analyses were performed. Menstrual symptom severity was significantly lower among morning-type individuals compared to intermediate and evening types. The total effect of the relationship between menstrual symptom severity and mental health level is 0.230. The indirect effects are 0.019 through the chronotype and 0.012 through the social jetlag. Our findings suggest that a morning chronotype may be associated with less severe menstrual symptoms. These results indicate the importance of investigating the effects of reducing chronotype, social jetlag, and menstrual symptom severity to improve the mental health of university students.