Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2312814
Narimen Yousfi, Mohamed Arbi Mejri, Helmi Ben Saad, Karim Chamari
Circadian rhythms play a pivotal role in governing various physiological processes, including physical performance. However, in individuals deprived of light perception, such as the blind, these circadian rhythms face disruption. This study aimed to explore the influence of disturbed circadian rhythms on short-term maximal physical performance in children and adolescents with visual impairment. Forty-five volunteers participated in this study, comprising 17 blind, 13 visually impaired, and 15 sighted participants. The participants underwent a series of tests assessing maximal isometric strength performance across two days. To mitigate the influence of morning session fatigue on the evening results, each participant group performed in two separate testing sessions (i.e. in the morning (7:00 h) and in the evening (17:00 h)) on non-consecutive days in a randomized and counterbalanced setting, with approximately 36 h of recovery time between sessions. To mitigate the impact of inter-individual differences on mean values and to account for the influence of age and sex on the studied variables, data were normalized. The outcomes revealed a significant diurnal variation in maximal isometric strength performance among sighted individuals, with peak performance observed in the evening. This pattern aligns with their well-entrained circadian rhythm. In contrast, blind and visually impaired individuals did not display significant diurnal variation, signaling disrupted circadian rhythms due to the absence of light perception. These findings emphasize the crucial consideration of circadian rhythms in assessments of physical performance, especially among participants with visual impairments.
{"title":"Lighting the way: Exploring diurnal physical performance differences in school-aged visually impaired children and adolescents.","authors":"Narimen Yousfi, Mohamed Arbi Mejri, Helmi Ben Saad, Karim Chamari","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2312814","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2312814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms play a pivotal role in governing various physiological processes, including physical performance. However, in individuals deprived of light perception, such as the blind, these circadian rhythms face disruption. This study aimed to explore the influence of disturbed circadian rhythms on short-term maximal physical performance in children and adolescents with visual impairment. Forty-five volunteers participated in this study, comprising 17 blind, 13 visually impaired, and 15 sighted participants. The participants underwent a series of tests assessing maximal isometric strength performance across two days. To mitigate the influence of morning session fatigue on the evening results, each participant group performed in two separate testing sessions (<i>i.e</i>. in the morning (7:00 h) and in the evening (17:00 h)) on non-consecutive days in a randomized and counterbalanced setting, with approximately 36 h of recovery time between sessions. To mitigate the impact of inter-individual differences on mean values and to account for the influence of age and sex on the studied variables, data were normalized. The outcomes revealed a significant diurnal variation in maximal isometric strength performance among sighted individuals, with peak performance observed in the evening. This pattern aligns with their well-entrained circadian rhythm. In contrast, blind and visually impaired individuals did not display significant diurnal variation, signaling disrupted circadian rhythms due to the absence of light perception. These findings emphasize the crucial consideration of circadian rhythms in assessments of physical performance, especially among participants with visual impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2325649
Kerryn L Grenfell, Paul J Jacobs, Nigel C Bennett, Daniel W Hart
Light is considered the primary entrainer for mammalian biological rhythms, including locomotor activity (LA). However, mammals experience different environmental and light conditions, which include those predominantly devoid of light stimuli, such as those experienced in subterranean environments. In this study, we investigated what environmental cue (light or ambient temperature (Ta)) is the strongest modulator of circadian rhythms, by using LA as a proxy, in mammals that experience a lifestyle devoid of light stimuli. To address this question, this study exposed a subterranean African mole-rat species, the Damaraland mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis), to six light and Ta cycles in different combinations. Contrary to previous literature, when provided with a reliable light cue, Damaraland mole rats exhibited nocturnal, diurnal, or arrhythmic LA patterns under constant Ta. While under constant darkness and a 24-hour Ta cycle mimicking the burrow environment, all mole-rats were most active during the coolest 12-hour period. This finding suggests that in a subterranean environment, which receives no reliable photic cue, the limited heat dissipation and energy constraints during digging activity experienced by Damaraland mole-rats make Ta a reliable and consistent "time-keeping" variable. More so, when providing a reliable light cue (12 light: 12 dark) to Damaraland mole-rats under a 24-hour Ta cycle, this study presents the first evidence that cycles of Ta affect the LA rhythm of a subterranean mammal more strongly than cycles of light and darkness. Once again, Damaraland mole-rats were more active during the coolest 12-hour period regardless of whether this fell during the light or dark phase. However, conclusive differentiation of entrainment to Ta from that of masking was not achieved in this study, and as such, we have recommended future research avenues to do so.
光被认为是哺乳动物生物节律(包括运动活动)的主要诱导因素。然而,哺乳动物会经历不同的环境和光照条件,其中包括那些主要没有光照刺激的环境,如地下环境。在这项研究中,我们以昼夜节律(LA)为代表,调查了在没有光刺激的生活环境中,哪种环境线索(光或环境温度(Ta))对哺乳动物的昼夜节律具有最强的调节作用。为了解决这个问题,本研究将一种非洲地下鼹鼠--达玛兰鼹鼠(Fukomys damarensis)暴露于六种不同组合的光照和Ta周期中。与之前的文献相反,当提供可靠的光提示时,达玛兰鼹鼠在恒定的Ta下表现出夜间、昼夜或心律不齐的LA模式。在模拟洞穴环境的恒定黑暗和 24 小时 Ta 循环条件下,所有鼹鼠都在最冷的 12 小时内最为活跃。这一发现表明,在没有可靠光照提示的地下环境中,达玛拉尔鼹鼠在挖掘活动中经历的有限散热和能量限制使Ta成为一个可靠而稳定的 "计时 "变量。此外,当在 24 小时 Ta 周期下为达玛兰鼹鼠提供可靠的光提示(12 亮:12 暗)时,本研究首次提出了 Ta 周期比光照和黑暗周期更强烈地影响地下哺乳动物 LA 节律的证据。同样,达玛兰鼹鼠在最凉爽的 12 小时内更为活跃,而不管这段时间是在光照阶段还是在黑暗阶段。然而,这项研究并没有将 "Ta "节律与 "掩蔽 "节律明确区分开来,因此,我们建议在今后的研究中继续这样做。
{"title":"The role of ambient temperature and light as cues in the control of circadian rhythms of Damaraland mole-rat.","authors":"Kerryn L Grenfell, Paul J Jacobs, Nigel C Bennett, Daniel W Hart","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2325649","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2325649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light is considered the primary entrainer for mammalian biological rhythms, including locomotor activity (LA). However, mammals experience different environmental and light conditions, which include those predominantly devoid of light stimuli, such as those experienced in subterranean environments. In this study, we investigated what environmental cue (light or ambient temperature (T<sub>a</sub>)) is the strongest modulator of circadian rhythms, by using LA as a proxy, in mammals that experience a lifestyle devoid of light stimuli. To address this question, this study exposed a subterranean African mole-rat species, the Damaraland mole-rat (<i>Fukomys damarensis</i>), to six light and T<sub>a</sub> cycles in different combinations. Contrary to previous literature, when provided with a reliable light cue, Damaraland mole rats exhibited nocturnal, diurnal, or arrhythmic LA patterns under constant T<sub>a</sub>. While under constant darkness and a 24-hour T<sub>a</sub> cycle mimicking the burrow environment, all mole-rats were most active during the coolest 12-hour period. This finding suggests that in a subterranean environment, which receives no reliable photic cue, the limited heat dissipation and energy constraints during digging activity experienced by Damaraland mole-rats make T<sub>a</sub> a reliable and consistent \"time-keeping\" variable. More so, when providing a reliable light cue (12 light: 12 dark) to Damaraland mole-rats under a 24-hour T<sub>a</sub> cycle, this study presents the first evidence that cycles of T<sub>a</sub> affect the LA rhythm of a subterranean mammal more strongly than cycles of light and darkness. Once again, Damaraland mole-rats were more active during the coolest 12-hour period regardless of whether this fell during the light or dark phase. However, conclusive differentiation of entrainment to T<sub>a</sub> from that of masking was not achieved in this study, and as such, we have recommended future research avenues to do so.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140038876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2312806
Lucía B Palmero, Miriam Tortajada, Víctor Martínez-Pérez, Alejandro Sandoval-Lentisco, Guillermo Campoy, Luis J Fuentes
We investigated whether chronotype and time-of-day modulate the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Participants performed a category semantic priming task at either the optimal or non-optimal time of day. We varied the prime-target onset asynchrony (100-, 450-, 650-, and 850-ms SOAs) and kept the percentage of unrelated targets constant at 80%. Automatic processing was expected with the short SOA, and controlled processing with longer SOAs. Intermediate-types (Experiment 1) verified that our task was sensitive to capturing both types of processes and served as a reference to assess themin extreme chronotypes. Morning-type and evening-type participants (Experiment 2) differed in the influence of time of testing on priming effects. Morning-types applied control in all conditions, and no performance modulation by time-of-day was observed. In contrast, evening-types were most adversely affected by the time of day to shift from automatic-based to controlled-based responses. Also, they were considerably affected in successfully implementing controlled processing with long intervals, particularly at the non-optimal time of day, with inhibitory priming showing only a marginally significant effect at the longest SOA. These results suggest that extreme chronotypes may be associated with different styles of cognitive control. Morning-types would be driven by a proactive control style, whereas a reactive control style might be applied by evening-types.
我们研究了时间型和一天中的时间是否会调节自动和受控语义加工的时间进程。受试者在一天中的最佳或非最佳时间进行了一项类别语义引物任务。我们改变了引物-目标开始的不同步时间(100、450、650 和 850 毫秒 SOAs),并将不相关目标的比例保持在 80%。较短的 SOA 可以实现自动处理,而较长的 SOA 则可以实现控制处理。中间类型(实验 1)验证了我们的任务能够敏感地捕捉到这两种类型的过程,并作为在极端时间类型中评估它们的参考。晨昏型参与者(实验 2)在测试时间对引物效应的影响方面存在差异。晨型被试在所有条件下都进行了控制,没有观察到时间对其表现的调节作用。相反,傍晚型受时间的影响最大,他们的反应从自动型转向控制型。此外,他们在成功实施长间隔控制处理方面也受到很大影响,尤其是在非最佳时间段,而抑制性引物仅在最长 SOA 时显示出微弱的显著影响。这些结果表明,极端时间型可能与不同的认知控制方式有关。早睡型受主动控制风格的驱动,而晚睡型则可能受被动控制风格的驱动。
{"title":"Circadian modulation of the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing.","authors":"Lucía B Palmero, Miriam Tortajada, Víctor Martínez-Pérez, Alejandro Sandoval-Lentisco, Guillermo Campoy, Luis J Fuentes","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2312806","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2312806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated whether chronotype and time-of-day modulate the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Participants performed a category semantic priming task at either the optimal or non-optimal time of day. We varied the prime-target onset asynchrony (100-, 450-, 650-, and 850-ms SOAs) and kept the percentage of unrelated targets constant at 80%. Automatic processing was expected with the short SOA, and controlled processing with longer SOAs. Intermediate-types (Experiment 1) verified that our task was sensitive to capturing both types of processes and served as a reference to assess themin extreme chronotypes. Morning-type and evening-type participants (Experiment 2) differed in the influence of time of testing on priming effects. Morning-types applied control in all conditions, and no performance modulation by time-of-day was observed. In contrast, evening-types were most adversely affected by the time of day to shift from automatic-based to controlled-based responses. Also, they were considerably affected in successfully implementing controlled processing with long intervals, particularly at the non-optimal time of day, with inhibitory priming showing only a marginally significant effect at the longest SOA. These results suggest that extreme chronotypes may be associated with different styles of cognitive control. Morning-types would be driven by a proactive control style, whereas a reactive control style might be applied by evening-types.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-19DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2327456
Luciana L Ferreira, Nadia Rosatto, Paolo Marzullo, Mattia Bellan
The circadian clock plays important roles in several physiological processes. With aging, some of these circadian rhythms have been shown to be disrupted and suggested contributing to age-related diseases. The aim of this scoping review was to examine and map the existing evidence of circadian differences between young and older people in body fluid composition. Literature search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, Scopus and OpenGrey. The studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers and the results were summarized tabularly and narratively. The review process resulted in the identification of 1889 publications, of which 42 were eligible for inclusion. Forty-eight parameters or families of parameters were identified, including cortisol and melatonin, sex hormones, thyroid-related hormones, steroids and aldosterone. However, many were reported by only a single study. The results from the studies were heterogeneous. Even though the majority suggested the flattening of several circadian oscillations in the elderly population, this was not always observed for all the parameters analyzed, and some contradictory results were found. This review revealed a substantial number of publications that explored this research question, but further studies would be important to elucidate the clinical significance of these alterations.
{"title":"Circadian variations in the elderly: A scoping review.","authors":"Luciana L Ferreira, Nadia Rosatto, Paolo Marzullo, Mattia Bellan","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2327456","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2327456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The circadian clock plays important roles in several physiological processes. With aging, some of these circadian rhythms have been shown to be disrupted and suggested contributing to age-related diseases. The aim of this scoping review was to examine and map the existing evidence of circadian differences between young and older people in body fluid composition. Literature search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, Scopus and OpenGrey. The studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers and the results were summarized tabularly and narratively. The review process resulted in the identification of 1889 publications, of which 42 were eligible for inclusion. Forty-eight parameters or families of parameters were identified, including cortisol and melatonin, sex hormones, thyroid-related hormones, steroids and aldosterone. However, many were reported by only a single study. The results from the studies were heterogeneous. Even though the majority suggested the flattening of several circadian oscillations in the elderly population, this was not always observed for all the parameters analyzed, and some contradictory results were found. This review revealed a substantial number of publications that explored this research question, but further studies would be important to elucidate the clinical significance of these alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2315217
Claudia Giannetto, Francesca Arfuso, Maria Rizzo, Elisabetta Giudice, Fabrizio Calapai, Annalisa Guercio, Giusi Macaluso, Ilenia Giacchino, Giuseppe Piccione, Vincenza Cannella
Dogs are the common pets adopted by humans, and their circadian behavior and physiology are influenced by human habits. In many families, there is a change of lifestyle with respect to the natural daylight (NDL) cycle. Exposure to constant light disrupts some central and peripheral circadian rhythms. The aim of the present study was to improve the knowledge about the circadian changes of clock components in the peripheral blood in dogs housed under NDL and constant light (LL) conditions. Blood samples were collected on five female Beagle dogs (2 years old, 14 ± 0.5 kg) every 4 hours for a 24-hour period during an NDL (Sunrise 05:05 h - Sunset 20:55 h) and 24-hour period of constant light (LL). Blood samples were stored in a PAX gene Blood RNA Tube, real-time RT-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine Clock, Per1-3, and Cry1-2 gene expression. During the NDL, all genes investigated showed robust diurnal daily rhythmicity. During the constant light, only Clock maintained its daily rhythmicity. Clock acrophase was observed close to sunrise (ZT 0) and was statistically different from the other clock genes except for Per3. Per3 daily oscillations were not statistically significant. No differences were observed among the clock genes tested in the amplitude and robustness values. Our results can be considered preliminary data to provide new insights into the adaptation mechanism of the canine peripheral circadian clock. The persistence of Clock gene expression during the LL indicated the presence of an endogenously generated signal in blood. Because peripheral blood is an easily accessible sample in dogs, the analysis of clock gene expression in this tissue could be useful to investigate the adaptive capacity of this species housed in different environmental conditions linked to the owner's lifestyle.
{"title":"Persistence of <i>clock</i> gene expression in peripheral blood in dogs maintained under different photoperiod schedules.","authors":"Claudia Giannetto, Francesca Arfuso, Maria Rizzo, Elisabetta Giudice, Fabrizio Calapai, Annalisa Guercio, Giusi Macaluso, Ilenia Giacchino, Giuseppe Piccione, Vincenza Cannella","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2315217","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2315217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs are the common pets adopted by humans, and their circadian behavior and physiology are influenced by human habits. In many families, there is a change of lifestyle with respect to the natural daylight (NDL) cycle. Exposure to constant light disrupts some central and peripheral circadian rhythms. The aim of the present study was to improve the knowledge about the circadian changes of clock components in the peripheral blood in dogs housed under NDL and constant light (LL) conditions. Blood samples were collected on five female Beagle dogs (2 years old, 14 ± 0.5 kg) every 4 hours for a 24-hour period during an NDL (Sunrise 05:05 h - Sunset 20:55 h) and 24-hour period of constant light (LL). Blood samples were stored in a PAX gene Blood RNA Tube, real-time RT-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine <i>Clock, Per1-3, and Cry1-2</i> gene expression. During the NDL, all genes investigated showed robust diurnal daily rhythmicity. During the constant light, only <i>Clock</i> maintained its daily rhythmicity. <i>Clock</i> acrophase was observed close to sunrise (ZT 0) and was statistically different from the other clock genes except for <i>Per3</i>. <i>Per3</i> daily oscillations were not statistically significant. No differences were observed among the clock genes tested in the amplitude and robustness values. Our results can be considered preliminary data to provide new insights into the adaptation mechanism of the canine peripheral circadian clock. The persistence of <i>Clock</i> gene expression during the LL indicated the presence of an endogenously generated signal in blood. Because peripheral blood is an easily accessible sample in dogs, the analysis of clock gene expression in this tissue could be useful to investigate the adaptive capacity of this species housed in different environmental conditions linked to the owner's lifestyle.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2317284
Tasha Oosthuizen, Neville Pillay, Maria K Oosthuizen
Urbanization, and the accompanying artificial light at night (ALAN), can disrupt the activity of animals. Such disruptions at the base of a food web can ripple through the ecosystem. Most studies of ALAN are performed in the laboratory. Thus, we lack basic information about the circadian responses of animals under natural environmental conditions to fully evaluate the impact of ALAN. We studied the behaviour and activity of wild-caught, peri-urban single-striped grass mice (Lemniscomys rosalia) under a natural treatment and in a standard laboratory treatment, including dim light at night to mimic conditions that they could experience. The species exhibited predominantly crepuscular activity under all experimental treatments. It showed the highest level of activity under the natural treatment, whereas ALAN significantly suppressed its activity. Males were more active than females under all experimental treatments. The marked changes in activity under ALAN is of particular concern since global change in combination with urbanization can lead to a change in vegetation density and composition that will decrease the number of suitable microhabitats and expose small mammals to novel habitat changes. We suggest that the single-striped mice could become vulnerable because of urbanization, leading to impacts on its ecosystem broadly.
城市化以及随之而来的夜间人工照明(ALAN)会扰乱动物的活动。食物网底部的这种干扰会波及整个生态系统。大多数有关 ALAN 的研究都是在实验室中进行的。因此,我们缺乏自然环境条件下动物昼夜节律反应的基本信息,无法全面评估 ALAN 的影响。我们研究了野生捕获的城市周边单条草鼠(Lemniscomys rosalia)在自然条件下和标准实验室条件下的行为和活动,包括模拟它们可能经历的夜间昏暗光线条件。在所有实验处理中,该物种都主要表现出匍匐活动。在自然处理下,它的活动水平最高,而 ALAN 则明显抑制了它的活动。在所有实验处理下,雄性比雌性更活跃。由于全球变化和城市化会导致植被密度和组成发生变化,从而减少适宜的微生境数量,使小型哺乳动物面临新的生境变化,因此,ALAN下活动的明显变化尤其值得关注。我们认为,单纹鼠可能会因为城市化而变得脆弱,从而对其生态系统产生广泛的影响。
{"title":"Wild mice in an urbanized world: Effects of light at night under natural and laboratory conditions in the single-striped grass mouse (<i>Lemniscomys rosalia</i>).","authors":"Tasha Oosthuizen, Neville Pillay, Maria K Oosthuizen","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2317284","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2317284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urbanization, and the accompanying artificial light at night (ALAN), can disrupt the activity of animals. Such disruptions at the base of a food web can ripple through the ecosystem. Most studies of ALAN are performed in the laboratory. Thus, we lack basic information about the circadian responses of animals under natural environmental conditions to fully evaluate the impact of ALAN. We studied the behaviour and activity of wild-caught, peri-urban single-striped grass mice (<i>Lemniscomys rosalia</i>) under a natural treatment and in a standard laboratory treatment, including dim light at night to mimic conditions that they could experience. The species exhibited predominantly crepuscular activity under all experimental treatments. It showed the highest level of activity under the natural treatment, whereas ALAN significantly suppressed its activity. Males were more active than females under all experimental treatments. The marked changes in activity under ALAN is of particular concern since global change in combination with urbanization can lead to a change in vegetation density and composition that will decrease the number of suitable microhabitats and expose small mammals to novel habitat changes. We suggest that the single-striped mice could become vulnerable because of urbanization, leading to impacts on its ecosystem broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2314216
Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira, Adile Nexha, Rogério Boff Borges, Guilherme Rodriguez Amando, Ana Paula Francisco, Fernanda G. Amaral, Benicio N. Frey, Maria Elisa Calcagnotto, Maria Paz Hidalgo, Luísa K. Pilz
Among the public health recommendations for supporting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, many strategies had an impact on biological rhythms, like sleep hygiene, physical exercise and hea...
{"title":"Routine regularity during a global pandemic: Impact on mental health outcomes and influence of chronotype","authors":"Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira, Adile Nexha, Rogério Boff Borges, Guilherme Rodriguez Amando, Ana Paula Francisco, Fernanda G. Amaral, Benicio N. Frey, Maria Elisa Calcagnotto, Maria Paz Hidalgo, Luísa K. Pilz","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2314216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2024.2314216","url":null,"abstract":"Among the public health recommendations for supporting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, many strategies had an impact on biological rhythms, like sleep hygiene, physical exercise and hea...","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139902399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2315215
Guangbo Zhang, Zhiqing Ye, Zhijing Jiang, Chenqian Wu, Lifei Ge, Jixiu Wang, Xiuwen Xu, Tianming Wang, Jingwen Yang
The light/dark cycle, known as the photoperiod, plays a crucial role in influencing various physiological activities in fish, such as growth, feeding and reproduction. However, the underlying mecha...
{"title":"Circadian patterns and photoperiodic modulation of clock gene expression and neuroendocrine hormone secretion in the marine teleost Larimichthys crocea","authors":"Guangbo Zhang, Zhiqing Ye, Zhijing Jiang, Chenqian Wu, Lifei Ge, Jixiu Wang, Xiuwen Xu, Tianming Wang, Jingwen Yang","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2315215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2024.2315215","url":null,"abstract":"The light/dark cycle, known as the photoperiod, plays a crucial role in influencing various physiological activities in fish, such as growth, feeding and reproduction. However, the underlying mecha...","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139902408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2298279
Ziying Wang, Haodan Xu, Chen Teng, Chuan Wang
Shift work is associated with circadian misalignment, which causes sleep loss, impairs performance, and increases the risk of accidents. Shorter, more frequently shifting watch schedules, widely used in industries such as maritime operation, defense, and mining, may mitigate these risks by reducing shift length and providing sleep opportunities for all workers across the biological night. However, the effects of frequently shifting work on sleep and performance still need to be clarified. The current study investigated the vigilance, sleepiness, and sleep patterns of fifteen participants who lived in a controlled and confined laboratory that mimicked a maritime environment for 14 d following a simulating frequent shift schedule. The results of psychomotor vigilance tasks (PVT) suggest that this shift schedule may lead to an accumulation of vigilance detrimental across watch days, with both reaction speed impairment and error growth. Furthermore, the circadian phase significantly affects PVT performance, with the afternoon shift section showing relatively better performance. Overall, more working hours per day resulted in poorer PVT performance. As the shift progressed, total sleep duration reduced slightly, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) increased. Sleep during the biological night was generally longer than sleep in the daytime. Less on-watch time was linked to longer overall sleep duration. Additionally, although the subjective sleepiness obtained by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) varied insignificantly across days, the KSS score was negatively correlated with PVT performance. This research can serve as a foundation for developing countermeasures to mitigate frequently shifting schedules' potentially detrimental effects and safety risks.
{"title":"Effects of a simulated maritime shift schedule on vigilance, sleep, and sleepiness.","authors":"Ziying Wang, Haodan Xu, Chen Teng, Chuan Wang","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2023.2298279","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2023.2298279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shift work is associated with circadian misalignment, which causes sleep loss, impairs performance, and increases the risk of accidents. Shorter, more frequently shifting watch schedules, widely used in industries such as maritime operation, defense, and mining, may mitigate these risks by reducing shift length and providing sleep opportunities for all workers across the biological night. However, the effects of frequently shifting work on sleep and performance still need to be clarified. The current study investigated the vigilance, sleepiness, and sleep patterns of fifteen participants who lived in a controlled and confined laboratory that mimicked a maritime environment for 14 d following a simulating frequent shift schedule. The results of psychomotor vigilance tasks (PVT) suggest that this shift schedule may lead to an accumulation of vigilance detrimental across watch days, with both reaction speed impairment and error growth. Furthermore, the circadian phase significantly affects PVT performance, with the afternoon shift section showing relatively better performance. Overall, more working hours per day resulted in poorer PVT performance. As the shift progressed, total sleep duration reduced slightly, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) increased. Sleep during the biological night was generally longer than sleep in the daytime. Less on-watch time was linked to longer overall sleep duration. Additionally, although the subjective sleepiness obtained by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) varied insignificantly across days, the KSS score was negatively correlated with PVT performance. This research can serve as a foundation for developing countermeasures to mitigate frequently shifting schedules' potentially detrimental effects and safety risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139039594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2305212
Wu-Shuang Guo, Xin Deng, Man-Xin Yang, Tian Hu, Xing-Han Li
This study aimed to investigate the expression of circadian clock genes in mouse alveolar bone, and the possible reasons for these changes. Fifty C57 mice were orally inoculated with P. gingivalis, establishing a model of periodontitis using healthy mice as controls. The alveolar bone of both groups was taken for micro-computed tomography scanning to measure the amount of attachment loss, and the relative expression of mRNA in each clock gene and periodontitis related inflammatory factor was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After the establishment of the mouse model, the height of alveolar bone in the periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (p < 0.05). The relative transcriptional level of Bmal1, Per2, and Cry1 mRNA was in the circadian rhythm in the normal group (p ≤ 0.05), while in the periodontitis group, its circadian rhythm disappeared and the transcriptional level characteristics were changed. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA transcriptional level were elevated in the periodontitis group compared to the normal group. In conclusion, the mRNA transcriptional level of Bmal1, Per2, and Cry1 in alveolar bone of normal mice has circadian rhythm, but the rhythm disappears under the condition of periodontitis, and the cause of its occurrence may be related to inflammatory cytokines.
本研究旨在调查小鼠牙槽骨中昼夜节律钟基因的表达情况,以及这些变化的可能原因。给 50 只 C57 小鼠口服牙龈脓疱病菌,建立牙周炎模型,以健康小鼠为对照。对两组小鼠的牙槽骨进行微型计算机断层扫描,测量附着丧失量,并通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测各时钟基因和牙周炎相关炎症因子 mRNA 的相对表达量。小鼠模型建立后,牙周炎组牙槽骨高度明显低于正常组(p p ≤ 0.05),牙周炎组昼夜节律消失,转录水平特征发生变化。与正常组相比,牙周炎组白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和干扰素(IFN-γ)mRNA转录水平升高。综上所述,正常小鼠牙槽骨中Bmal1、Per2和Cry1的mRNA转录水平具有昼夜节律性,但在牙周炎情况下该节律消失,其发生原因可能与炎性细胞因子有关。
{"title":"A pilot study on the expression of circadian clock genes in the alveolar bone of mice with periodontitis.","authors":"Wu-Shuang Guo, Xin Deng, Man-Xin Yang, Tian Hu, Xing-Han Li","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2305212","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2024.2305212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the expression of circadian clock genes in mouse alveolar bone, and the possible reasons for these changes. Fifty C57 mice were orally inoculated with <i>P. gingivalis</i>, establishing a model of periodontitis using healthy mice as controls. The alveolar bone of both groups was taken for micro-computed tomography scanning to measure the amount of attachment loss, and the relative expression of mRNA in each clock gene and periodontitis related inflammatory factor was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After the establishment of the mouse model, the height of alveolar bone in the periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The relative transcriptional level of Bmal1, Per2, and Cry1 mRNA was in the circadian rhythm in the normal group (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), while in the periodontitis group, its circadian rhythm disappeared and the transcriptional level characteristics were changed. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA transcriptional level were elevated in the periodontitis group compared to the normal group. In conclusion, the mRNA transcriptional level of Bmal1, Per2, and Cry1 in alveolar bone of normal mice has circadian rhythm, but the rhythm disappears under the condition of periodontitis, and the cause of its occurrence may be related to inflammatory cytokines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139563122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}