Chronobiology International最新文献

Therapy with local anesthetics (TLA) is known to provide long-lasting pain relief, raising the question of whether these effects are mediated by changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation. To address this, we examined alterations in 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) following TLA treatment. Twenty-four patients undergoing TLA and 11 controls were monitored with Holter-ECG over 24 h. HRV parameters including mean heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), stress index (SI), low- and high-frequency power, and total power were calculated in 15-min epochs. Changes were analyzed separately for the day and subsequent night, and the standard deviation of change between consecutive 15-min intervals was introduced as an additional parameter. TLA was associated with significant shifts in HRV within 24 h: HR and SI decreased, whereas RMSSD and low-frequency power increased, with effects most pronounced during the night. Moreover, the variability of changes between epochs was reduced across several parameters, particularly HR, RMSSD, and SI, suggesting a "smoothing" effect in HRV dynamics. These findings indicate that 24-h HRV monitoring can capture autonomic effects of TLA beyond its immediate analgesic action. The reduction of variability in HRV changes introduces a novel metric for assessing ANS modulation, offering new insight into the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of TLA.

This study compared screen time, circadian rhythm patterns, and sleep quality in adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls, and examined the associations among these parameters. The sample included 100 adults with ADHD and 100 healthy controls. Participants were assessed using a sociodemographic data form, the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5-CV), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Screen Exposure Questionnaire. All instruments except the DIVA 2.0 were administered to controls. Adults with ADHD reported significantly longer total daily screen time than controls (p < 0.001) and exhibited higher ASRS, BRIAN, and PSQI scores (all p < 0.001) In both groups, screen time was positively correlated with BRIAN and PSQI scores. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that biological rhythm disruption (BRIAN scores) was a stronger predictor of poor sleep quality (PSQI scores) than ADHD symptom severity or screen time (p < 0.001)). Overall, adults with ADHD demonstrated greater screen exposure, more disrupted circadian rhythms, and poorer sleep quality compared to controls. Across the full sample, biological rhythm disruption emerged as the most robust predictor of impaired sleep, underscoring its potential clinical relevance for addressing sleep disturbances in adults with ADHD.

The objective of this study was to unveil the interplay between circadian rhythms (CR) and hypertensive nephropathy (HTN) by investigating genes, pathways, and molecular functions and the correlation between CR and HTN's immune landscape through bioinformatic approaches. Key genes associated with CR in HTN were screened through an integrated analysis of GEO data, employing consensus clustering and machine learning approaches (Generalized Linear Models (GLM), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)). CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and ssGSEA algorithm were used to assess the infiltration of immune cells between HTN and control groups and in three distinct CR phenotypes of HTN. Functional analyses including GO and KEGG were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The DGIdb website is utilized for predicting potential effective therapeutic drugs targeting CR genes closely linked to HTN. We obtained 45 differentially expressed CR-related genes and these genes are mainly involving signaling pathways such as rhythmic process, circadian rhythm and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Three CR related genes (CCL5, ATF3 and NR4A1) were identified to construct a diagnostic model and have a good performance in diagnosis of HTN and patients with HTN were clustered into three subgroups by consensus clustering according to these genes. Analysis of immune infiltration revealed immune heterogeneity between HTN patients and controls and between the three key CR-related gene clusters of patients with HTN. Furthermore, three CR related genes clusters revealing distinct ESTIMATE Score, Immune Score, Stromal Score heterogeneity with p value < 0.05. Meanwhile, spearman analysis showed CCL5 has a strong correlation different immune cells infiltration, especially NK activated cells (p < 0.001), ATF3 has a correlation with NK resting cells (p = 0.029) and NR4A1 has the most significant correlation with activated T CD4 memory cells infiltration (p = 0.020). The potential therapeutic drug predictions for three CR genes indicate that ATF3 and NR4A1 may harbor potential effective treatment options. Our findings suggest an association between circadian rhythm disruption and altered immune landscape in HTN, highlighting the potential role of CR-related genes in disease heterogeneity. The genes CCL5, ATF3, and NR4A1-which are implicated in circadian regulatory networks - may serve as candidate biomarkers and provide new directions for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in HTN. Further experimental validation is required to confirm their functional roles and clinical significance .

Anxiety and depressive symptoms are prevalent among adolescents. Social jetlag has been recognized as a potential risk factor for mental health issues. However, the mechanisms underlying social jetlag and mental health remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the associations of social jetlag with anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents. The mediating effects of sleep quality and self-control on these associations were also examined. A cross-sectional study was conducted. In total, 633 adolescents completed an online survey. Social jetlag, sleep quality, self-control, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Dual-Mode of Self-Control Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, respectively. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed. The results show that female adolescents experienced higher levels of social jetlag, poorer sleep quality, lower self-control, more severe anxiety and depressive symptoms than male adolescents. Social jetlag was a significant predictor of sleep quality, self-control, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Notably, sleep quality and self-control had a chain-mediating effect on the associations of social jetlag with anxiety and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. These findings provide evidence for the development of targeted interventions to improve the mental health of adolescents. Reducing social jetlag and improving sleep quality and self-control may be relevant for mitigating anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, affects 6-10% of the global population and causes significant functional impairments. Chronotype, individual diurnal preferences, influences health outcomes and varies by sex. However, evidence on sex-specific chronotype distribution and its relationship with insomnia in Asian populations remains limited. This study aimed to examine how chronotype is distributed differently between men and women, and to explore its relationship with insomnia symptoms using nationwide population-based data from Korea. We analyzed data from 2,838 participants aged 20-59 years from the baseline assessment phase of the Circannual Change in Headache and Sleep Study. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was administered to assess chronotype, while insomnia symptoms were estimated using the Insomnia Severity Index. Covariates included sociodemographic factors, depression, employment, smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index, and average sleep duration. Women reported a higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms than men (14.5% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.027) and were more likely to be evening types (26.4% vs. 20.6%, p < 0.001), whereas men were more likely to be morning types (11.2% vs. 7.0%, p < 0.001). These sex-specific differences in chronotype distribution were consistently observed across individuals in their 30s to 60s. Across chronotype groups, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms was lowest in morning types (4.7%) and highest in evening types (18.4%, p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, morning type was significantly associated with reduced odds of insomnia (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.22-0.98), whereas evening type was not significantly associated with insomnia risk. Stratified analyses suggested a stronger protective effect of morning type among women, although the chronotype-by-sex interaction term did not reach statistical significance. This nationwide Korean study found that women tended to be evening type, whereas men were more frequently morning type. Morning type was also linked to a lower risk of insomnia symptoms in the overall population, with the association being more pronounced in women. Together, these findings confirm sex-specific differences in chronotype distribution in Korea and demonstrate the independent protective effect of morning type against insomnia.

Disruptions in circadian rhythms have been linked to adverse metabolic outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between circadian parameters of wrist temperature (wT) and lipid profiles in Arctic residents, a population characterized by extreme photoperiodic variation. We examined associations between the MESOR, amplitude and acrophase of wT and total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and the TG/HDL-C ratio in both Native (N) and non-Native (NN) individuals, utilizing photoperiod-adjusted regression models. Analyses followed two sampling strategies: all records (n varying between 35 and 64, depending on season), and records from participants sampled in each season (seasonally balanced sample: n = 27). In NN individuals, a larger wT amplitude was significantly associated with lower TC, LDL-C, and body mass index. The MTNR1B rs10830963 genotype modulated the relationship between wT amplitude and lipid parameters: a smaller wT amplitude was significantly associated with higher TC in individuals with the CC genotype, whereas a larger wT amplitude was significantly associated with higher HDL-C and lower TG/HDL-C in individuals with the CG+GG genotypes. A higher wT MESOR was associated with lower TG and TG/HDL-C ratio in NN individuals. An earlier wT acrophase was associated with higher TC and LDL-C in NN individuals. While, as expected, an earlier wT acrophase was associated with higher Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) scores, indicative of greater morningness, surprisingly, an earlier wT acrophase was associated with higher TC and LDL-C in NN individuals. A lower MEQ score was a strong significant predictor of adverse lipid profiles exclusively in N individuals, whereas in NN individuals, the relationship with TC/LDL-C was reversed, i.e. higher TC/LDL-C was associated with an earlier wT acrophase, and an earlier phase angle between the wT acrophase and mid-sleep. Overall, circadian rhythms, as characterized by circadian parameters of wT and chronotype, are linked to lipid profiles in Arctic residents, highlighting the potential of wT circadian parameters serving as potential markers of metabolic health.

This review explores the field of multipulse drug delivery systems, emphasizing their potential to transform drug administration and improve therapeutic outcomes. Multipulse systems provide controlled and sustained medication release by emulating the body's natural rhythms and utilizing advanced technologies such as stimuli-responsive systems, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology. The review examines the classification, mechanisms, and benefits of multipulse systems, highlighting their significance in chronic disease management and personalized medicine. Integrating artificial intelligence with personalized medicine enables the development of customized drug delivery systems that improve efficacy, reduce side effects, and enhance patient compliance. As we advance toward the era of precision medicine, the combination of technological and pharmaceutical innovations shows great promise for optimizing patient care and treatment outcomes.

The aim of this study was to analyse the association between sleep timing, eating behavior, and risk of obesity. The study included 1577 participants with an average age of 19.5 ± 4.8 (range: 13-40) y, women: 76%. Each participant provided personal information and filled out five questionnaires: the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Restrained (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.24-1.92), external (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.34-2.10), and emotional (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.79-2.98) eating behaviors, were found to be independently associated with food addiction. Obesity was positively associated with restrained (β = 0.41), and emotional (β = 0.12) eating behaviours in 13-40-y-olds and with food addiction (β = 0.12) in 13-20-y-olds. Poor sleep quality was positively associated with all three types of eating behavior (β = 0.10-0.15). Restrained eating behavior was negatively associated with chronotype (β = -0.08). Emotional eating behavior was more often observed in females (β = -0.18) and in persons with depression (β = 0.16). Social jetlag was associated with the external eating behavior (β = 0.09) in 13-20-y-olds. Promising direction for further research in the field of chrononutrition is to study the relationship between chronotype, restrained eating behavior, and obesity.

Psychosocial interventions for bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) often recommend limiting caffeine intake, yet few studies have examined whether caffeine intake differentially affects mood and whether sleep disruption is a key mechanism underlying these effects. The goals of this study were to investigate concurrent and prospective relationships between caffeine intake, sleep, and mood symptoms among individuals with and without BSD and test whether caffeine intake prospectively predicts mood symptoms via its impact on sleep duration. Participants with and without BSD completed a 20-day ecological momentary assessment protocol, reporting daily caffeine consumption and mood symptoms via smartphone, and wearing wrist actigraphs to objectively measure sleep. Results from multilevel models revealed that on days when individuals consumed more caffeine than usual, they reported lower same-day depressive symptoms and higher same-day hypomanic symptoms, even after accounting for sleep duration. Results from multilevel mediation models indicated that caffeine intake was associated with increased next-day depressive symptoms, and this effect was partially mediated by shorter sleep duration. Caffeine intake also predicted higher next-day hypomanic symptoms indirectly through shorter sleep duration, though the direct effect of caffeine intake on hypomanic symptoms was not significant - consistent with full mediation. Diagnostic status did not moderate any of our findings. These findings suggest that caffeine has dynamic, time-dependent effects on mood, providing short-term mood benefits while contributing to next-day mood disruption through its impact on sleep duration. There was no evidence that caffeine intake has more deleterious mood effects for individuals with BSD relative to those without BSD.

Chronotherapeutic approaches that optimize the timing of therapy to enhance efficacy and minimize side effects are becoming mainstream. The widespread adoption of chronotherapeutic approaches is hindered by the lack of accessible, valid tools to determine circadian time. Building on evidence that gene expression profiles predict circadian time, this pilot study assessed associations between circadian phase predictions from a single blood sample, actigraphy-estimated sleep, and chronotype in a real-world setting. Twelve adults (mean age 51 y, 8 women) reporting short sleep (<7 h/night) and at risk for metabolic syndrome participated. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from 20 ml blood samples, pelleted, and stored at -80°C before RNA sequencing. Sleep was monitored over two weeks using the ActiGraph GT9X-BT, and chronotype preference was assessed with the Composite Scale of Morningness. Spearman's correlations analyzed correlations between predicted dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), sleep, and chronotype preference. Moderate-to-strong association was found between gene expression-based DLMO predictions and sleep, supporting the utility of peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression profiles for estimating circadian phase. This approach shows promise for improving chronotherapy implementation in middle-aged adults with chronic health conditions and short sleep. This study was part of a larger study that was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03596983.