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Clinical Applications of Human Nasal Organoids. 人鼻类器官的临床应用。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00997
Do Hyun Kim, Sung Won Kim
Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 15, No. 3: 201-202, August 2022 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.00997
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引用次数: 1
Subdivisional Pathologies in Peripheral Vestibular Disorders. 外周前庭疾病的亚分区病理学。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.01088
Sung Huhn Kim
Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 15, No. 3: 203-204, August 2022 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01088
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引用次数: 0
Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective. 耳鸣与三重网络模型:一个视角。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00815
Dirk De Ridder, Sven Vanneste, Jae-Jin Song, Divya Adhia

Tinnitus is defined as the conscious awareness of a sound without an identifiable external sound source, and tinnitus disorder as tinnitus with associated suffering. Chronic tinnitus has been anatomically and phenomenologically separated into three pathways: a lateral "sound" pathway, a medial "suffering" pathway, and a descending noise-canceling pathway. Here, the triple network model is proposed as a unifying framework common to neuropsychiatric disorders. It proposes that abnormal interactions among three cardinal networks-the self-representational default mode network, the behavioral relevance-encoding salience network and the goal-oriented central executive network-underlie brain disorders. Tinnitus commonly leads to negative cognitive, emotional, and autonomic responses, phenomenologically expressed as tinnitus-related suffering, processed by the medial pathway. This anatomically overlaps with the salience network, encoding the behavioral relevance of the sound stimulus. Chronic tinnitus can also become associated with the self-representing default mode network and becomes an intrinsic part of the self-percept. This is likely an energy-saving evolutionary adaptation, by detaching tinnitus from sympathetic energy-consuming activity. Eventually, this can lead to functional disability by interfering with the central executive network. In conclusion, these three pathways can be extended to a triple network model explaining all tinnitus-associated comorbidities. This model paves the way for the development of individualized treatment modalities.

耳鸣被定义为在没有可识别的外部声源的情况下有意识地意识到声音,耳鸣障碍被定义为伴有相关痛苦的耳鸣。慢性耳鸣在解剖学和现象学上分为三个通路:侧向“声音”通路、内侧“痛苦”通路和下行降噪通路。在这里,三重网络模型被提出作为一个统一的框架共同的神经精神疾病。研究认为,自我表征的默认模式网络、行为相关编码的显著性网络和目标导向的中央执行网络这三个基本网络之间的异常相互作用是大脑疾病的基础。耳鸣通常会导致负面的认知、情绪和自主神经反应,在现象上表现为耳鸣相关的痛苦,由内侧通路处理。这在解剖学上与突出网络重叠,编码声音刺激的行为相关性。慢性耳鸣也可以与自我代表的默认模式网络相关联,并成为自我感知的固有部分。这可能是一种节能的进化适应,通过将耳鸣从交感神经消耗能量的活动中分离出来。最终,这可能会通过干扰中央执行网络而导致功能性残疾。总之,这三种途径可以扩展为三重网络模型,解释所有耳鸣相关的合并症。这种模式为个性化治疗模式的发展铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 14
KOREAN AEROALLERGEN SENSITIZATION STATUS FROM 2018-2021. 2018-2021年韩国空气过敏原致敏状况
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00248
Intae Kim, Dohsik Minn, Suhyun Kim, Jin Kook Kim, Jae Hoon Cho
To date, studies on the aeroallergen sensitization status of Koreans based on large-scale data are lacking.
迄今为止,对韩国人空气过敏原致敏状况的大规模数据研究尚缺乏。
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引用次数: 1
Induction of the BRAFV600E Mutation in Thyroid Cells Leads to Frequent Hypermethylation 甲状腺细胞中BRAFV600E突变的诱导导致频繁的高甲基化
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00206
J. Yi, Seong-Yun Ha, Hyeon-Gun Jee, Kwangsoo Kim, Su-jin Kim, Y. J. Chai, J. Choi, K. Lee
Objectives. The BRAFV600E mutation is a major driver mutation in papillary thyroid cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate the correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression changes induced by the BRAFV600E mutation in thyroid cells. Methods. We used Nthy/BRAF cell lines generated by transfection of Nthy/ori cells with the wild-type BRAF gene (Nthy/WT cells) and the V600E mutant-type BRAF gene (Nthy/V600E cells). We performed gene expression microarray and DNA methylation array analyses for Nthy/WT and Nthy/V600E cells. Two types of array data were integrated to identify inverse correlations between methylation and gene expression. The results were verified in silico using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and in vivo through pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results. In the Nthy/V600E cells, 199,821 probes were significantly hypermethylated, and 697 genes showed a “hypermethylation-downregulation” pattern in Nthy/V600E. Tumor suppressor genes and apoptosis-related genes were included. In total, 66,446 probes were significantly hypomethylated, and 227 genes showed a “hypomethylation-upregulation” pattern in Nthy/V600E cells. Protooncogenes and developmental protein-coding genes were included. In the TCGA analysis, 491/697 (70.44%) genes showed a hypermethylation-downregulation pattern, and 153/227 (67.40%) genes showed a hypomethylation-upregulation pattern. Ten selected genes showed a similar methylation-gene expression pattern in pyrosequencing and qRT-PCR. Conclusion. Induction of the BRAFV600E mutation in thyroid cells led to frequent hypermethylation. Anticancer genes, such as those involved in tumor suppression or apoptosis, were downregulated by upstream hypermethylation, whereas carcinogenic genes, such as protooncogenes, were upregulated by hypomethylation. Our results suggest that the BRAFV600E mutation in thyroid cells modulates DNA methylation and results in cancer-related gene expression.
目标。BRAFV600E突变是癌症的主要驱动突变。本研究的目的是阐明DNA甲基化与BRAFV600E突变诱导的甲状腺细胞基因表达变化之间的相关性。方法。我们使用通过用野生型BRAF基因(Nthy/WT细胞)和V600E突变型BRAF(Nthy/V600E细胞)转染Nthy/ori细胞产生的Nthy/BRAF细胞系。我们对Nthy/WT和Nthy/V600E细胞进行了基因表达微阵列和DNA甲基化阵列分析。整合两种类型的阵列数据,以确定甲基化和基因表达之间的反相关性。使用癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)的数据在计算机上验证了结果,并通过焦测序和定量实时聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)在体内验证了结果。后果在Nthy/V600E细胞中,199821个探针显著超甲基化,697个基因在Nthy/V600E中表现出“超甲基化下调”模式。包括肿瘤抑制基因和细胞凋亡相关基因。总共有66446个探针被显著低甲基化,227个基因在Nthy/V600E细胞中显示出“低甲基化上调”模式。包括原癌基因和发育蛋白编码基因。在TCGA分析中,491/697(70.44%)个基因表现出高甲基化下调模式,153/227(67.40%)个基因显示出低甲基化上调模式。10个选择的基因在焦磷酸测序和qRT-PCR中显示出相似的甲基化基因表达模式。结论甲状腺细胞BRAFV600E突变的诱导导致频繁的高甲基化。抗癌基因,如参与肿瘤抑制或凋亡的基因,通过上游高甲基化下调,而致癌基因,如原癌基因,通过低甲基化上调。我们的研究结果表明,甲状腺细胞中的BRAFV600E突变调节DNA甲基化,并导致癌症相关基因表达。
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引用次数: 2
Comparative Study of Gasless Transaxillary, Bilateral Axillo-Breast, Unilateral Axillo-Breast With Carbon Dioxide Insufflation, Retroauricular, and Transoral Vestibular Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Approaches at a Single Institution: A Retrospective Analysis and Lessons Learned 同一机构无气体经腋窝、双侧腋窝-乳房、单侧腋窝-乳房二氧化碳注入、耳后和经口前庭内窥镜甲状腺切除术的比较研究:回顾性分析和经验教训
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2021.02285
M. Lee, J. Ahn, I. Choi, Byeong‐Cheol Lee, J. Ryu
Objectives This study aimed to present our experiences with various approaches for endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) and to offer lessons for choosing an approach. Methods The medical records of 701 patients who underwent ET via the transaxillary (TA), bilateral axillo-breast (BABA), unilateral axillo-breast with carbon dioxide insufflation (UABA), retroauricular (RA), or transoral vestibular (TO) approach between May 2008 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative pain and cosmetic outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scales. Results The mean operative time of UABA was the shortest among the five approaches (TA, 194.65±51.13 minutes; BABA, 189.11±61.53 minutes; UABA, 118.62±30.23 minutes; RA, 168.22±45.63 minutes; TO, 196.10±40.19 minutes; P=0.02). BABA was the most painful approach, while TO was the least painful on postoperative day 1 (TA, 3.09±0.96; BABA, 3.59±0.92; UABA, 2.39±0.54; RA, 3.49±0.93; TO, 2.01±0.37; P=0.04) and day 3 (TA, 2.10±0.77; BABA, 2.59±0.88; UABA, 1.84±0.37; RA, 3.01±0.67; TO, 1.49±0.45; P=0.04). The TO group had the best cosmetic outcomes at 3 months (TA, 3.91±1.21; BABA, 4.52±1.13; UABA, 4.49±0.74; RA, 4.28±0.74; TO, 4.81±0.48; P=0.04). Conclusion We present a single-surgeon experience of five distinctive ET approaches and the lessons from each approach, together with a literature review. This data may aid endoscopic thyroid surgeons in choosing from various ET approaches.
目的本研究旨在介绍我们对内镜甲状腺切除术(ET)的各种方法的经验,并为选择方法提供经验教训。方法回顾性分析2008年5月至2020年3月期间701例经腋下(TA)、双侧腋乳(BABA)、单侧腋乳二氧化碳吹入(UABA)、耳后(RA)或经口前庭(TO)入路行ET的患者的病历。使用视觉模拟量表评估术后疼痛和美容效果。结果UABA平均手术时间最短(TA 194.65±51.13分钟;BABA 189.11±61.53分钟;UABA 118.62±30.23分钟;RA 168.22±45.63分钟;TO 196.10±40.19分钟;P=0.02),而TO在术后第1天疼痛最小(TA,3.09±0.96;BABA,3.59±0.92;UABA,2.39±0.54;RA,3.49±0.93;TO,2.01±0.37;P=0.04)和第3天(TA,2.10±0.77,BABA,2.59±0.88,UABA,1.84±0.37,RA,3.01±0.67;TO,1.49±0.45;P=0.04 4;TO,4.81±0.48;P=0.04)结论我们介绍了五种不同ET方法的单一外科医生经验以及每种方法的经验教训,并进行了文献综述。这些数据可能有助于内窥镜甲状腺外科医生从各种ET方法中进行选择。
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引用次数: 6
Electroacoustic Evaluation of Smartphone-Based Hearing Aid Applications. 基于智能手机的助听器应用的电声评估。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-08 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2021.01004
Willy Nguyen, Miseung Koo, Jun Ho Lee, Seung-Ha Oh, Moo Kyun Park

Objectives: This study evaluated the electroacoustic characteristics of smartphone-based hearing aid applications (apps).

Methods: We investigated hearing aid apps based on processing delay measurements, hearing instrument testing, simulated real ear measurements, and a head-and-torso simulator.

Results: Many apps exceeded the recommended level for processing delay. Hearing instrument testing showed the highest amplification characteristics and the best sound quality when a hearing aid was used, followed by the high-end apps and then the low-end apps. The simulated real ear measurements results showed that the high-end apps had a better ability to match the amplification targets than the low-end apps, but there was no consistent pattern among apps when controlling the output. Only a few apps could improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the head-and-torso simulator.

Conclusion: Most of the apps showed relatively poor electroacoustic performance in comparison with hearing aids. Generalizing access to hearing care through hearing aid apps induces a wide diversity of hearing performance with no fixed standard for reliability. However, we expect their overall quality to improve over the next few years.

目的:本研究评估了基于智能手机的助听器应用程序的电声特性。方法:我们调查了基于处理延迟测量、助听器测试、模拟真实耳朵测量和头部躯干模拟器的助听器应用程序。结果:许多应用程序超过了建议的处理延迟水平。助听器测试显示,使用助听器时的放大特性和音质最高,其次是高端应用程序,然后是低端应用程序。模拟实耳测量结果表明,高端应用程序比低端应用程序具有更好的放大目标匹配能力,但在控制输出时,应用程序之间没有一致的模式。只有少数几个应用程序可以提高头部和躯干模拟器的信噪比。结论:与助听器相比,大多数应用程序的电声性能相对较差。通过助听器应用程序来普及听力保健,导致了听力表现的广泛多样性,没有固定的可靠性标准。然而,我们预计他们的整体质量将在未来几年内得到改善。
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引用次数: 1
Development of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy for Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy. 高强度聚焦超声治疗下鼻甲肥大的进展。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.02383
Joon Kon Kim, Sung-Woo Cho, Hyojin Kim, Sung Chan Jo, Hyung Gu Kim, Tae-Bin Won, Jeong-Whun Kim, Jae Hyun Lim, Chae-Seo Rhee

Objectives: Inferior turbinate (IT) hypertrophy is the main cause of chronic nasal obstruction. We developed a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation device to treat patients with IT hypertrophy.

Methods: First, computed tomography images of patients with no evidence of sinonasal disease were evaluated to measure and compare the IT, medial mucosal thickness (MT), and space between the nasal septum and IT according to clinical characteristics such as septal deviation. A HIFU prototype was developed based on the above human anatomical studies. The experimental study was performed in five pigs; the nasal volume and histological changes at 1 and 4 weeks postoperatively were evaluated to compare the efficacy of HIFU turbinoplasty with that of radiofrequency turbinoplasty and a control group.

Results: The mean medial MT of the anterior, middle, and posterior portions of the IT were 4.66±1.14, 4.23±0.97, and 6.17±1.29 mm, respectively. The mean medial space was 2.65±0.79 mm. The diameter and focal depth of the prototype were 4 mm and 3 mm, respectively. HIFU showed no postoperative complications, including bleeding or scar formation. After HIFU treatment, the nasal volume increased by 196.62 mm3 (7.8%) and 193.74 mm3 (8.3%) at 1 week and 4 weeks, compared with the increase of 87.20 mm3 (3.1%) and 213.81 mm3 (9.0%), respectively, after radiofrequency therapy. A qualitative histological analysis after radiofrequency turbinoplasty showed epithelial layer disruption at 1 week and increased fibrosis, along with decreased glandular structure, at 4 weeks. The HIFU group had an intact epithelial layer at 1 week postoperatively. However, significant differences were observed at 4 weeks, including increased fibrosis and decreased glandular structure.

Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of HIFU turbinoplasty were demonstrated in an animal study. Our.

Results: warrant further human clinical trials.

目的:下鼻甲肥大是慢性鼻塞的主要原因。我们开发了一种高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融设备来治疗IT肥大患者。方法:首先,根据鼻中隔偏曲等临床特征,评估无鼻窦疾病证据的患者的ct图像,测量并比较鼻中隔与鼻中隔之间的IT、内侧粘膜厚度(MT)和间距。基于上述人体解剖研究,开发了HIFU原型机。实验研究在5头猪身上进行;评估术后1周和4周的鼻体积和组织学变化,比较HIFU鼻甲成形术与射频鼻甲成形术和对照组的疗效。结果:IT前、中、后段的平均内侧MT分别为4.66±1.14、4.23±0.97、6.17±1.29 mm。平均内侧间隙为2.65±0.79 mm。原型直径为4 mm,焦深为3 mm。HIFU未出现术后并发症,包括出血或瘢痕形成。HIFU治疗后1周和4周鼻体积分别增加196.62 mm3(7.8%)和193.74 mm3(8.3%),而射频治疗后分别增加87.20 mm3(3.1%)和213.81 mm3(9.0%)。射频鼻甲成形术后的定性组织学分析显示,1周时上皮层破坏,4周时纤维化增加,腺体结构减少。HIFU组术后1周上皮层完整。然而,在第4周时观察到显著差异,包括纤维化增加和腺体结构减少。结论:动物实验证明了HIFU鼻甲成形术的有效性和安全性。我们的。结果:需要进一步的人体临床试验。
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引用次数: 1
Clinical Experience of Using Active Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Implants (Bonebridge) in Children Under 5 Years Old. 5岁以下儿童应用主动经皮骨传导植入物(骨桥)的临床体会。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2021.02208
Seong Hoon Bae, Youngrak Jung, Jinsei Jung, Jae Young Choi
Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 15, No. 2: 194-196, May 2022 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2021.02208
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引用次数: 2
Active Surveillance or Surgery in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: An Ongoing Controversy 主动监测或手术治疗甲状腺乳头状微癌:一个持续的争论
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00605
Ho-Ryun Won, B. Koo
a
一个
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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