Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_100_22
Kh Singh, Vijaya Elangbam, Toijam Singh
Context: Rabies, a zoonotic disease caused by Lyssavirus genus rabies virus, is 100% fatal yet preventable. Appropriate and timely management of rabies cases will help in reducing and preventing mortality. Health-care personnel, especially the junior doctors who are at the threshold of their public health service, need to be equipped with adequate knowledge to be able to provide effective care. Aims: The aims of the study are to assess the knowledge about rabies and to assess the association between knowledge with sociodemographic characteristics among the junior doctors of a tertiary care hospital, Imphal. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 junior doctors of a tertiary care hospital including interns, house officers, and postgraduate trainees from June 2018 to July 2019. Subjects and Methods: Data collection was done by questionnaire method. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY, USA. Results: Only 17.5% of the junior doctors had adequate knowledge about rabies. Those who had come across and those who had treated rabies were 35.4% and 23.7%, respectively. Only around half of the respondents knew the management of the WHO Category I and III animal bite exposure. Conclusions: In the present study, it was seen that the overall knowledge of the junior doctors was poor. Only 2 out of 10 of the participants had adequate knowledge of rabies. One-fourth of the participants had treated rabies in their clinical practice and those who had treated rabies had better knowledge compared to those respondents who had never treated.
背景:狂犬病是一种由狂犬病毒属狂犬病病毒引起的人畜共患疾病，是100%致命但可预防的。适当和及时地处理狂犬病病例将有助于减少和预防死亡率。保健人员，特别是刚开始从事公共保健服务的初级医生，需要具备足够的知识，以便能够提供有效的护理。目的:本研究的目的是评估关于狂犬病的知识，并评估知识与社会人口学特征之间的关系在英帕尔三级保健医院初级医生。设置与设计:本研究于2018年6月至2019年7月对某三级医院的520名初级医生进行了横断面研究，包括实习生、住院医生和研究生实习生。对象与方法:采用问卷调查法收集资料。使用统计分析:采用IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 21.0对数据进行分析。阿蒙克，纽约州，美国结果:初级医师对狂犬病知识有充分了解的仅占17.5%。感染狂犬病及接受狂犬病治疗者分别占35.4%及23.7%。只有大约一半的答复者知道世卫组织第一类和第三类动物咬伤暴露的管理。结论:在本研究中，初级医生的整体知识水平较差。只有2 / 10的参与者有足够的狂犬病知识。四分之一的参与者在临床实践中治疗过狂犬病，那些治疗过狂犬病的人比那些从未治疗过的受访者有更好的知识。
{"title":"Knowledge of rabies prophylaxis among junior doctors in a tertiary hospital in Manipur – A cross-sectional study","authors":"Kh Singh, Vijaya Elangbam, Toijam Singh","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_100_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_100_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Rabies, a zoonotic disease caused by Lyssavirus genus rabies virus, is 100% fatal yet preventable. Appropriate and timely management of rabies cases will help in reducing and preventing mortality. Health-care personnel, especially the junior doctors who are at the threshold of their public health service, need to be equipped with adequate knowledge to be able to provide effective care. Aims: The aims of the study are to assess the knowledge about rabies and to assess the association between knowledge with sociodemographic characteristics among the junior doctors of a tertiary care hospital, Imphal. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 junior doctors of a tertiary care hospital including interns, house officers, and postgraduate trainees from June 2018 to July 2019. Subjects and Methods: Data collection was done by questionnaire method. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY, USA. Results: Only 17.5% of the junior doctors had adequate knowledge about rabies. Those who had come across and those who had treated rabies were 35.4% and 23.7%, respectively. Only around half of the respondents knew the management of the WHO Category I and III animal bite exposure. Conclusions: In the present study, it was seen that the overall knowledge of the junior doctors was poor. Only 2 out of 10 of the participants had adequate knowledge of rabies. One-fourth of the participants had treated rabies in their clinical practice and those who had treated rabies had better knowledge compared to those respondents who had never treated.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48027135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepti Sharma, G. Koshy, Ria Merin, A. Alexander, Gauri Malik, V. Sharma
The hippocratic values on health profession target holistic patient care model and lay down the foundation of standards and ethical rules that are still convincing today. Despite various agreements or disagreements regarding its relevance in modern era, it reflects the soul of health profession. Various versions of the oath are available and followed by medical and dental students as they begin their professional journey. The vows are commitments made to the society, colleagues, and disciples to develop mutual trust and avoid the exploitation. The principles of oath may guide us when we are at the dead end of dark tunnel in our professional careers. In dentistry, the code of ethics is outlined by the hippocratic oath which inspires the dental professional to carry out their duties justly and ethically. This review attempts to discuss the relevance of hippocratic oath in dentistry and emphasizes on the need to have standardized oath for dental graduates.
{"title":"Hippocratic oath in dentistry: An insight","authors":"Deepti Sharma, G. Koshy, Ria Merin, A. Alexander, Gauri Malik, V. Sharma","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_77_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_77_21","url":null,"abstract":"The hippocratic values on health profession target holistic patient care model and lay down the foundation of standards and ethical rules that are still convincing today. Despite various agreements or disagreements regarding its relevance in modern era, it reflects the soul of health profession. Various versions of the oath are available and followed by medical and dental students as they begin their professional journey. The vows are commitments made to the society, colleagues, and disciples to develop mutual trust and avoid the exploitation. The principles of oath may guide us when we are at the dead end of dark tunnel in our professional careers. In dentistry, the code of ethics is outlined by the hippocratic oath which inspires the dental professional to carry out their duties justly and ethically. This review attempts to discuss the relevance of hippocratic oath in dentistry and emphasizes on the need to have standardized oath for dental graduates.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45944537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the complex nature of the effect of occupational stress also known as work or job stress, on the quality of nurse- patient relationship, it appears a daunting task reaching a unified definition of work stress because of the acknowledged fact that a singular approach may not be able to encompass the breadth of the phenomenon. This study aims to provide a general review of some of the challenges of stress on nurse–patient relationship, and causes of occupational stress were examined in light of the conceptual typology that portrays various sources of workplace stress and strategies in preventing occupational stress. The data for this study were from published studies. Electronic databases of Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords: occupational stress, nurse- patient relationship and quality of nursing care literatures were retrieved and screened for eligibility. The date limit considered in the literature search was from 2016 to 2023 to capture only the variables identified in this study objective. Stress sources are consequentially known to produce dire organization and extra-organizational outcomes such as low morale, poor performance, career uncertainty, poor care, health problems, work-life conflict, turnover, and other reverse that undermine the competitive objectives of business. Stress curative measures are discussed to assist nurses to understand the significance of providing effective stress management interventions that can enhance employee well-being and organizational productivity.
{"title":"Occupational stress: An impediment to quality nurse–Patient relationship – A rapid review","authors":"O. Akpor, Aina Olusayo, O. Olorunfemi","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_66_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_66_22","url":null,"abstract":"Given the complex nature of the effect of occupational stress also known as work or job stress, on the quality of nurse- patient relationship, it appears a daunting task reaching a unified definition of work stress because of the acknowledged fact that a singular approach may not be able to encompass the breadth of the phenomenon. This study aims to provide a general review of some of the challenges of stress on nurse–patient relationship, and causes of occupational stress were examined in light of the conceptual typology that portrays various sources of workplace stress and strategies in preventing occupational stress. The data for this study were from published studies. Electronic databases of Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords: occupational stress, nurse- patient relationship and quality of nursing care literatures were retrieved and screened for eligibility. The date limit considered in the literature search was from 2016 to 2023 to capture only the variables identified in this study objective. Stress sources are consequentially known to produce dire organization and extra-organizational outcomes such as low morale, poor performance, career uncertainty, poor care, health problems, work-life conflict, turnover, and other reverse that undermine the competitive objectives of business. Stress curative measures are discussed to assist nurses to understand the significance of providing effective stress management interventions that can enhance employee well-being and organizational productivity.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43377228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Primary objective: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted to a medical ward. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort to assess the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted in a medical of our tertiary care center between October 2014 and May 2015. We excluded patients who had a preexisting deep vein thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism and patients on therapeutic anticoagulation. A bedside ultrasound machine was used for screening for deep vein thrombosis in the internal jugular, axillary, femoral, and popliteal veins. Noncompressibility of the vein compared to the artery was suggestive of thrombosis. Results: Among the 43 patients included in the study, 3 (6.98%) patients developed deep vein thrombosis. The incidence density is 7.48 per 1000 patient-days. One patient developed a central venous catheter-associated deep vein thrombosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the duration of hospital stay of more than 7 days was associated with a higher risk of development of deep vein thrombosis (odds ratio: 1.17 [confidence interval: 1.016–1.349]). Conclusions: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis among patients admitted in a medical ward of a tertiary care hospital in South India was 7.48 per 1000 patient-days. Hospital admission of more than 7 days was found to be a significant independent risk factor for development of deep vein thrombosis in our study.
{"title":"Deep vein thrombosis in a medical ward - Incidence and risk factors","authors":"A. Lenin, T. Sudarsanam, P. Mannam","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_42_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_42_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Primary objective: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted to a medical ward. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort to assess the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted in a medical of our tertiary care center between October 2014 and May 2015. We excluded patients who had a preexisting deep vein thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism and patients on therapeutic anticoagulation. A bedside ultrasound machine was used for screening for deep vein thrombosis in the internal jugular, axillary, femoral, and popliteal veins. Noncompressibility of the vein compared to the artery was suggestive of thrombosis. Results: Among the 43 patients included in the study, 3 (6.98%) patients developed deep vein thrombosis. The incidence density is 7.48 per 1000 patient-days. One patient developed a central venous catheter-associated deep vein thrombosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the duration of hospital stay of more than 7 days was associated with a higher risk of development of deep vein thrombosis (odds ratio: 1.17 [confidence interval: 1.016–1.349]). Conclusions: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis among patients admitted in a medical ward of a tertiary care hospital in South India was 7.48 per 1000 patient-days. Hospital admission of more than 7 days was found to be a significant independent risk factor for development of deep vein thrombosis in our study.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48556072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_143_21
Anuradha Shah, A. Sapkal, S. Deshpande
Background: In rural India, snake bite is a major health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Women have poor knowledge regarding snakebite and first aid measures and often resort to home remedies or visit traditional healers. This study was taken up to assess the healthcare-seeking behavior and awareness regarding snakebites and first-aid management among tribal women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2019 in a tribal village, Palghar, Maharashtra. The sample size was 278. Women above the age of 18 years were selected by simple random sampling. A prevalidated semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection which was done through door-to-door visit. Results: The mean age of the women was 36.59 years. Around 55.4% of women had good knowledge regarding snakebite and 39.9% of women had good knowledge of first aid in the event of Snakebite. Awareness regarding signs and symptoms in event of snakebite was good. The majority of the women preferred government medical facilities (71.58%) for the treatment of snakebite followed by traditional healers (20.14%). The main reasons for visiting traditional healers were transport difficulties, easy accessibility, and traditional beliefs and rituals. The most common form of first aid that was provided to the victims was tying of tight cloth/wire (72.86%), herbal medicines (30.85%), and use of “mantras” (8.17%). Conclusion: There is good knowledge regarding snakebites among tribal women, however, knowledge about appropriate first aid seems to be lacking. They are aware of the signs and symptoms and know how to prevent them however, preventive action is lacking. A targeted health education program focusing on these issues is the need of the hour.
{"title":"Healthcare-seeking behavior and awareness regarding snakebites and its first-aid management among tribal women in rural Maharashtra","authors":"Anuradha Shah, A. Sapkal, S. Deshpande","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_143_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_143_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In rural India, snake bite is a major health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Women have poor knowledge regarding snakebite and first aid measures and often resort to home remedies or visit traditional healers. This study was taken up to assess the healthcare-seeking behavior and awareness regarding snakebites and first-aid management among tribal women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2019 in a tribal village, Palghar, Maharashtra. The sample size was 278. Women above the age of 18 years were selected by simple random sampling. A prevalidated semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection which was done through door-to-door visit. Results: The mean age of the women was 36.59 years. Around 55.4% of women had good knowledge regarding snakebite and 39.9% of women had good knowledge of first aid in the event of Snakebite. Awareness regarding signs and symptoms in event of snakebite was good. The majority of the women preferred government medical facilities (71.58%) for the treatment of snakebite followed by traditional healers (20.14%). The main reasons for visiting traditional healers were transport difficulties, easy accessibility, and traditional beliefs and rituals. The most common form of first aid that was provided to the victims was tying of tight cloth/wire (72.86%), herbal medicines (30.85%), and use of “mantras” (8.17%). Conclusion: There is good knowledge regarding snakebites among tribal women, however, knowledge about appropriate first aid seems to be lacking. They are aware of the signs and symptoms and know how to prevent them however, preventive action is lacking. A targeted health education program focusing on these issues is the need of the hour.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44920089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_106_22
M. Kalimuthu, V. Chandiraseharan, Ansa Sunny, J. Lakshmanan, M. Babu, V. Turaka, T. George, Ajay Mishra, M. Gowri, T. Sudarsanam
Background: Although sepsis is a well-known cause of in-hospital mortality, data on long term outcomes are scarce. Aim: This study aims to estimate the cumulative 5-year mortality among patients with infection requiring admission. Methods: This was a cohort study done in tertiary care center in South India, with recruitment of those admitted with an infection between January 1st, 2009 and July 31st, 2014 in a medical unit. The patients were followed up by telephonic call or case record review. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was plotted and Cox-proportional hazard model was used as multivariable analysis to identify the independent risk factors of long-term mortality. Results: One thousand four hundred and fifty three patients were followed up in this cohort study. The mean survival by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was 3.78 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.33, 4.22) in quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score positive patients and 6.07 years (95% CI 5.73, 6.41) in qSOFA negative patients which was statistically significant by the log-rank test. The cumulative 1-year mortality was 44.9% and 21.8% for qSOFA score of 2 or more and nonsepsis patients, respectively. The median survival of qSOFA score of 2 or more patients was 0.75 years (95% CI 0–2.1 years). The mortality among sepsis patients at discharge, 1 year, 5 and 8 years was 38.2%, 44.9%, 47.4%, and 47.8%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed age hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (1.01, 1.04), male gender 1.45 (1.03, 2.04), >qSOFA score HR 1.89 (1.32, 2.72), Charlson Comorbidity Index HR 1.29 (1.14, 1.46), respiratory tract infection HR 1.81 (1.10, 2.95), and inotrope requirement HR 3.24 (1.98, 5.29) were the independent predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusions: The median survival of patients with possible infection with qSOFA score of 2 or more patients was 0.75 years (95% CI 0–2.1 years). Older age, male gender, qSOFA score of 2 or more, Charlson Comorbidity Index, respiratory tract infection, and inotrope requirement HR 3.24 were the independent predictors of long-term mortality.
{"title":"Five-year outcomes and predictors of mortality following sepsis in a large cohort of patients in a general medical ward: A cohort study from South India","authors":"M. Kalimuthu, V. Chandiraseharan, Ansa Sunny, J. Lakshmanan, M. Babu, V. Turaka, T. George, Ajay Mishra, M. Gowri, T. Sudarsanam","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_106_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_106_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although sepsis is a well-known cause of in-hospital mortality, data on long term outcomes are scarce. Aim: This study aims to estimate the cumulative 5-year mortality among patients with infection requiring admission. Methods: This was a cohort study done in tertiary care center in South India, with recruitment of those admitted with an infection between January 1st, 2009 and July 31st, 2014 in a medical unit. The patients were followed up by telephonic call or case record review. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was plotted and Cox-proportional hazard model was used as multivariable analysis to identify the independent risk factors of long-term mortality. Results: One thousand four hundred and fifty three patients were followed up in this cohort study. The mean survival by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was 3.78 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.33, 4.22) in quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score positive patients and 6.07 years (95% CI 5.73, 6.41) in qSOFA negative patients which was statistically significant by the log-rank test. The cumulative 1-year mortality was 44.9% and 21.8% for qSOFA score of 2 or more and nonsepsis patients, respectively. The median survival of qSOFA score of 2 or more patients was 0.75 years (95% CI 0–2.1 years). The mortality among sepsis patients at discharge, 1 year, 5 and 8 years was 38.2%, 44.9%, 47.4%, and 47.8%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed age hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (1.01, 1.04), male gender 1.45 (1.03, 2.04), >qSOFA score HR 1.89 (1.32, 2.72), Charlson Comorbidity Index HR 1.29 (1.14, 1.46), respiratory tract infection HR 1.81 (1.10, 2.95), and inotrope requirement HR 3.24 (1.98, 5.29) were the independent predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusions: The median survival of patients with possible infection with qSOFA score of 2 or more patients was 0.75 years (95% CI 0–2.1 years). Older age, male gender, qSOFA score of 2 or more, Charlson Comorbidity Index, respiratory tract infection, and inotrope requirement HR 3.24 were the independent predictors of long-term mortality.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49172634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_134_22
S. Selvan, V. Krishnaraj, Ponnivalavan Mathiyalagan, Hepzibah Nesamani, Paul W. Kumar, Anna Paul, Karthik Gunasekaran, K. P. Prabhakar Abhilash
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a necessary division of the emergency department (ED) into the COVID suspect zone and a green zone based on a modified “The” Christian Medical college (CMCTS). Triaging was initially done based on the epidemiological criteria and evolved into symptom-based assessment when community transmission began. Methodology: This retrospective study included all patients who were triaged in the ED from April 2020 to December 2020. Data were collected from the ED triage software and were analyzed to determine the performance of the modified triage criteria in admitting patients to the ED. Results: Forty-three thousand patients were triaged during the study. Of which 35.9% (n = 15429) were sent to the COVID suspect zone and 64.1% (n = 27571) to the green zone. Of the 8490 (55%) nasopharyngeal swab reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests done in the COVID suspect zone, 61.4% were positive for COVID-19 while only 9.2% (n = 274) of 2866 tested in the green zone were positive. COVID-19 positivity was the highest in the mid-pandemic months of July, August, and September 2020. In the COVID suspect zone, factors for predicting a negative RT-PCR result were priority 1 presentation and early and late pandemic presentations. The positive predictive value of our modified triage criteria during the pandemic was 85% with a higher accuracy during the peak of the first wave (July–September 2020). Conclusion: The modified CMCTS successfully segregated COVID-19-positive patients from the COVID-19 negative patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 in 2020. The CMCTS criteria can be easily adopted or adapted in other hospitals in India in case of future waves of COVID-19.
{"title":"COVID-19 positivity in the COVID suspect and green zones of a large emergency department during the first wave of the pandemic in South India","authors":"S. Selvan, V. Krishnaraj, Ponnivalavan Mathiyalagan, Hepzibah Nesamani, Paul W. Kumar, Anna Paul, Karthik Gunasekaran, K. P. Prabhakar Abhilash","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_134_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_134_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a necessary division of the emergency department (ED) into the COVID suspect zone and a green zone based on a modified “The” Christian Medical college (CMCTS). Triaging was initially done based on the epidemiological criteria and evolved into symptom-based assessment when community transmission began. Methodology: This retrospective study included all patients who were triaged in the ED from April 2020 to December 2020. Data were collected from the ED triage software and were analyzed to determine the performance of the modified triage criteria in admitting patients to the ED. Results: Forty-three thousand patients were triaged during the study. Of which 35.9% (n = 15429) were sent to the COVID suspect zone and 64.1% (n = 27571) to the green zone. Of the 8490 (55%) nasopharyngeal swab reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests done in the COVID suspect zone, 61.4% were positive for COVID-19 while only 9.2% (n = 274) of 2866 tested in the green zone were positive. COVID-19 positivity was the highest in the mid-pandemic months of July, August, and September 2020. In the COVID suspect zone, factors for predicting a negative RT-PCR result were priority 1 presentation and early and late pandemic presentations. The positive predictive value of our modified triage criteria during the pandemic was 85% with a higher accuracy during the peak of the first wave (July–September 2020). Conclusion: The modified CMCTS successfully segregated COVID-19-positive patients from the COVID-19 negative patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 in 2020. The CMCTS criteria can be easily adopted or adapted in other hospitals in India in case of future waves of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43434285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_133_22
S. Suneja
Objective: The present study is an effort to standardize and establish the validity and reliability of objective structured practical examination (OSPE) as a formative assessment tool in biochemistry. Materials and Methods: After institutional ethical clearance, brainstorming was done to plan the logistics necessary for the standardization of OSPE in biochemistry at undergraduate level. An assessment blueprint was established, structured checklists for individual procedure stations along with the student's and examiners' instruction manuals were designed. Review and revision of the planned OSPE stations were done and the validity and reliability of the tool were established. The internal reliability of the OSPE stations was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha from the mean scores obtained by the students in each station during the formative assessments. A pilot study was conducted on a group of 14 volunteer students to establish the homogeneity of the study. The content validity index (CVI) and the coefficient of reliability of the feedback questionnaire for faculty and students were calculated. Feedback taken from students and faculty was analyzed through the Satisfaction Index for 5-point Likert Scale questions and thematic analysis for open-ended questions. Results: Cronbach's alpha of the OSPE questions, during the four formative assessments in sessional examinations, showed high internal consistency of 0.832, 0.861, 0.796, and 0.845. Homogeneity was determined by a split-half estimate of pilot OSPE with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.9. The S-CVI/Ave scores for the students and faculty questionnaire were 0.86 and 0.91 respectively with the internal consistency of 0.83 and 0.89. Conclusions: OSPE is a valid and reliable assessment tool after standardization that provides a structured approach to assessment and can be used for formative assessments of medical undergraduate students in biochemistry.
{"title":"Standardization of objective structured practical examination in terms of validity and reliability in biochemistry: Our first experience","authors":"S. Suneja","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_133_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_133_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study is an effort to standardize and establish the validity and reliability of objective structured practical examination (OSPE) as a formative assessment tool in biochemistry. Materials and Methods: After institutional ethical clearance, brainstorming was done to plan the logistics necessary for the standardization of OSPE in biochemistry at undergraduate level. An assessment blueprint was established, structured checklists for individual procedure stations along with the student's and examiners' instruction manuals were designed. Review and revision of the planned OSPE stations were done and the validity and reliability of the tool were established. The internal reliability of the OSPE stations was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha from the mean scores obtained by the students in each station during the formative assessments. A pilot study was conducted on a group of 14 volunteer students to establish the homogeneity of the study. The content validity index (CVI) and the coefficient of reliability of the feedback questionnaire for faculty and students were calculated. Feedback taken from students and faculty was analyzed through the Satisfaction Index for 5-point Likert Scale questions and thematic analysis for open-ended questions. Results: Cronbach's alpha of the OSPE questions, during the four formative assessments in sessional examinations, showed high internal consistency of 0.832, 0.861, 0.796, and 0.845. Homogeneity was determined by a split-half estimate of pilot OSPE with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.9. The S-CVI/Ave scores for the students and faculty questionnaire were 0.86 and 0.91 respectively with the internal consistency of 0.83 and 0.89. Conclusions: OSPE is a valid and reliable assessment tool after standardization that provides a structured approach to assessment and can be used for formative assessments of medical undergraduate students in biochemistry.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42826067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Akinlolu, Mubarak Oloduowo Ameen, G. Ebito, N. Asogwa, R. Akindele, B. Fagbohunka, Zainab Arowolo, T. Garuba
Background: Cadmium (Cd) is an established carcinogen. Cd-induced renotoxicity resulted in oxidative stress, loss of excretory kidney functions, and apoptosis of murine kidney cells. Objectives: This study evaluated renoprotective potentials of MO11 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and MS06 (isolated from Musa sapientum suckers) against Cd chloride (CdCl2)-induced renotoxicity, renal hyperplasia, and apoptosis in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (average weight of 155 g) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 4). Group 1 received physiological saline. Groups 2–4 and 6 received single intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 (i.p) (Day 1). Groups 3–4 and 6 were posttreated with 15 mg/kg body weight of MO11, 15 mg/kg body weight of MO11 +7 mg/kg body weight of MS06, and 3.35 mg/kg body weight of doxorubicin, respectively (days: 1–17). Group 5 received only olive oil dose (vehicle), respectively (days: 1–17). Kidney histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin technique) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay concentrations of biomarkers of proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (p53) in kidney homogenates of rats of Groups 1–6 were evaluated. Results: Histopathological analyses showed normal kidney histology in the rats of Groups 1–6. Posttreatments of CdCl2-induced renotoxicity with MO11, MO11+MS06, and doxorubicin resulted in downregulations of Ki67 and p53 in Groups 3, 4, and 6 as compared with Group 2. Conclusion: MO11 and MS06 possess renoprotective, anti-proliferation, and anti-apoptosis potentials.
{"title":"Antitoxic principles from Moringa oleifera (Mo11) and Musa sapientum (Ms06) ameliorated cadmium chloride-induced renal hyperplasia and apoptosis through Ki67/P53-mediated pathway in rats","authors":"A. Akinlolu, Mubarak Oloduowo Ameen, G. Ebito, N. Asogwa, R. Akindele, B. Fagbohunka, Zainab Arowolo, T. Garuba","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cadmium (Cd) is an established carcinogen. Cd-induced renotoxicity resulted in oxidative stress, loss of excretory kidney functions, and apoptosis of murine kidney cells. Objectives: This study evaluated renoprotective potentials of MO11 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and MS06 (isolated from Musa sapientum suckers) against Cd chloride (CdCl2)-induced renotoxicity, renal hyperplasia, and apoptosis in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (average weight of 155 g) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 4). Group 1 received physiological saline. Groups 2–4 and 6 received single intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 (i.p) (Day 1). Groups 3–4 and 6 were posttreated with 15 mg/kg body weight of MO11, 15 mg/kg body weight of MO11 +7 mg/kg body weight of MS06, and 3.35 mg/kg body weight of doxorubicin, respectively (days: 1–17). Group 5 received only olive oil dose (vehicle), respectively (days: 1–17). Kidney histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin technique) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay concentrations of biomarkers of proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (p53) in kidney homogenates of rats of Groups 1–6 were evaluated. Results: Histopathological analyses showed normal kidney histology in the rats of Groups 1–6. Posttreatments of CdCl2-induced renotoxicity with MO11, MO11+MS06, and doxorubicin resulted in downregulations of Ki67 and p53 in Groups 3, 4, and 6 as compared with Group 2. Conclusion: MO11 and MS06 possess renoprotective, anti-proliferation, and anti-apoptosis potentials.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47595888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sebastian, VT Anjusha Joseph, AnnElizabeth Sibichen
Background: The internet plays a crucial role in educating and empowering the health consumer, by providing a large quantity of information on health and health services at their convenience. Although people pay attention to the health information available online, they seldom remember the source of information or are mindful about the credibility of internet sites. As a consequence, online information can lead to patients being misinformed, a sense of distress, and an increase in the tendency toward self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Aim: This study aims to study the pattern of seeking online health information among adults attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Kerala. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 adults attending a tertiary care hospital in central Kerala. Results: Sixty-six percent of the study participants surfed the Internet to gather information about symptoms related to their condition. Forty-one percent of the study population preferred to discuss the information with their doctor. Majority of study subjects (58%) preferred better opportunities for doubt clearance with their consulting doctor instead of googling their symptoms. Conclusion: The present study recommends that online health information should be used in synergy with doctor–patient interactions which give them viable and true information to cope with their problems to disseminate the right knowledge in the community.
{"title":"A descriptive study on online health information-seeking behavior among adults attending a tertiary care hospital in central Kerala","authors":"S. Sebastian, VT Anjusha Joseph, AnnElizabeth Sibichen","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_64_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_64_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The internet plays a crucial role in educating and empowering the health consumer, by providing a large quantity of information on health and health services at their convenience. Although people pay attention to the health information available online, they seldom remember the source of information or are mindful about the credibility of internet sites. As a consequence, online information can lead to patients being misinformed, a sense of distress, and an increase in the tendency toward self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Aim: This study aims to study the pattern of seeking online health information among adults attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Kerala. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 adults attending a tertiary care hospital in central Kerala. Results: Sixty-six percent of the study participants surfed the Internet to gather information about symptoms related to their condition. Forty-one percent of the study population preferred to discuss the information with their doctor. Majority of study subjects (58%) preferred better opportunities for doubt clearance with their consulting doctor instead of googling their symptoms. Conclusion: The present study recommends that online health information should be used in synergy with doctor–patient interactions which give them viable and true information to cope with their problems to disseminate the right knowledge in the community.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48382022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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