Aims: Robust data of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are available as a prognostic marker in hematology, malignancy, and pneumocystis pneumonia, and we have analyzed its usefulness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational, follow-up study included 1000 COVID-19 cases confirmed with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. All cases were assessed with lung involvement documented and categorized on high-resolution computerized tomography (CT) thorax, oxygen saturation, inflammatory marker as LDH at entry point, and follow-up. Age, gender, comorbidity, and use bilevel-positive airway pressure/noninvasive ventilation (BIPAP/NIV) and outcome as with or without lung fibrosis as per CT severity were key observations. Statistical analysis is done by using Chi-square test. Results: In a study of 1000 COVID-19 pneumonia cases, age (<50 and >50 years) and gender (male versus female) have a significant association with LDH in predicting severity of COVID-19 pneumonia (P < 0.00001 and P < 0.010, respectively). CT severity score at entry point with LDH level has a significant association (P < 0.00001). LDH level has a significant association with duration of illness (P < 0.00001). Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, and obesity have a significant association with LDH level (P < 0.00001). LDH level has a significant association with oxygen saturation (P < 0.00001). BIPAP/NIV requirement during course of hospitalization has a significant association with LDH level (P < 0.00001). Timing of BIPAP/NIV requirement in critical care setting has a significant association with LDH level (P < 0.00001). Follow-up LDH titer during hospitalization as compared to entry point abnormal LDH has a significant association in post-COVID lung fibrosis (P < 0.00001). Follow-up LDH titer during hospitalization as compared to entry point normal LDH has a significant association in post-COVID lung fibrosis (P < 0.00001). Conclusions: LDH has documented a very crucial role in COVID-19 pneumonia in predicting severity of illness, progression of illness, and sequential LDH titers, which will help assess response to treatment during hospitalization and analyze post-COVID lung fibrosis.
{"title":"Role of initial and follow-up lactate dehydrogenase titer in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A single-center experience","authors":"S. Patil, D. Patil, Shubhangi Khule","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_82_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_82_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Robust data of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are available as a prognostic marker in hematology, malignancy, and pneumocystis pneumonia, and we have analyzed its usefulness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational, follow-up study included 1000 COVID-19 cases confirmed with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. All cases were assessed with lung involvement documented and categorized on high-resolution computerized tomography (CT) thorax, oxygen saturation, inflammatory marker as LDH at entry point, and follow-up. Age, gender, comorbidity, and use bilevel-positive airway pressure/noninvasive ventilation (BIPAP/NIV) and outcome as with or without lung fibrosis as per CT severity were key observations. Statistical analysis is done by using Chi-square test. Results: In a study of 1000 COVID-19 pneumonia cases, age (<50 and >50 years) and gender (male versus female) have a significant association with LDH in predicting severity of COVID-19 pneumonia (P < 0.00001 and P < 0.010, respectively). CT severity score at entry point with LDH level has a significant association (P < 0.00001). LDH level has a significant association with duration of illness (P < 0.00001). Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, and obesity have a significant association with LDH level (P < 0.00001). LDH level has a significant association with oxygen saturation (P < 0.00001). BIPAP/NIV requirement during course of hospitalization has a significant association with LDH level (P < 0.00001). Timing of BIPAP/NIV requirement in critical care setting has a significant association with LDH level (P < 0.00001). Follow-up LDH titer during hospitalization as compared to entry point abnormal LDH has a significant association in post-COVID lung fibrosis (P < 0.00001). Follow-up LDH titer during hospitalization as compared to entry point normal LDH has a significant association in post-COVID lung fibrosis (P < 0.00001). Conclusions: LDH has documented a very crucial role in COVID-19 pneumonia in predicting severity of illness, progression of illness, and sequential LDH titers, which will help assess response to treatment during hospitalization and analyze post-COVID lung fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"79 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48734686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Priya, M. Sunitha, R. Rajalakshmi, C. Ramya, S. Chandrashekarappa
Background: In the traditional undergraduate curriculum, majority of the hours is dedicated to passive lectures where students are mere listener. Emphasis on self-learning is restricted to reading some of the topics from the book and Internet. With reference to this, storytorial was introduced as an innovative learning method mainly concentrating on self-learning, communication skills, and retrieval of concept. A story was illustrated and enacted to a topic in physiology during tutorial hour, hence the name storytorial. Methods: This method of learning was introduced to the I MBBS 2018–2019 batch, comprising 200 students. They were divided into small groups; topics and list of students to perform storytorial were displayed in the notice board 15 days before the session. On the day of session, the selected 10 students performed a story that illustrated the physiology topic assigned to them. Time allotted for the presentation was 20–30 min. The students enacted the story, and one of them narrated how the story is linked to the topic. Later, a case study related to the topic was given, and the students solved the case in the presence of an in-charge teacher for that batch. The session lasted for 1 h. Likewise, all the students were involved in the performance with a different topic in separate sessions according to the time table. At the end of all the sessions, subjective feedback of storytorial from the students was taken using 5-point Likert scale and computed. Results: The analysis of feedback on 5-point Likert scale with point 5 as strongly agree and 1 as strongly disagree was as follows: increased confidence and learning – 4.468, better understanding of concept – 4.058, better memory retention and retrieval – 4.28, and enjoyed and liked the sessions – 4.37. 90% of the students recommended storytorial for the next batch. Conclusion: This innovative method is an extended role-play where the concepts are illustrated in the form of story which helps the students to understand and remember the medical concepts by self-learning approach.
{"title":"Student's perception of storytorial - An innovative approach to self-learning","authors":"S. Priya, M. Sunitha, R. Rajalakshmi, C. Ramya, S. Chandrashekarappa","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_7_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_7_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the traditional undergraduate curriculum, majority of the hours is dedicated to passive lectures where students are mere listener. Emphasis on self-learning is restricted to reading some of the topics from the book and Internet. With reference to this, storytorial was introduced as an innovative learning method mainly concentrating on self-learning, communication skills, and retrieval of concept. A story was illustrated and enacted to a topic in physiology during tutorial hour, hence the name storytorial. Methods: This method of learning was introduced to the I MBBS 2018–2019 batch, comprising 200 students. They were divided into small groups; topics and list of students to perform storytorial were displayed in the notice board 15 days before the session. On the day of session, the selected 10 students performed a story that illustrated the physiology topic assigned to them. Time allotted for the presentation was 20–30 min. The students enacted the story, and one of them narrated how the story is linked to the topic. Later, a case study related to the topic was given, and the students solved the case in the presence of an in-charge teacher for that batch. The session lasted for 1 h. Likewise, all the students were involved in the performance with a different topic in separate sessions according to the time table. At the end of all the sessions, subjective feedback of storytorial from the students was taken using 5-point Likert scale and computed. Results: The analysis of feedback on 5-point Likert scale with point 5 as strongly agree and 1 as strongly disagree was as follows: increased confidence and learning – 4.468, better understanding of concept – 4.058, better memory retention and retrieval – 4.28, and enjoyed and liked the sessions – 4.37. 90% of the students recommended storytorial for the next batch. Conclusion: This innovative method is an extended role-play where the concepts are illustrated in the form of story which helps the students to understand and remember the medical concepts by self-learning approach.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"273 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45169918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Item response theory (IRT), is a psychometric measure of trait considering each response positioned on a continuum. Aim: Assessment of item and test information Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) using IRT in the patient visiting the tertiary institution of Himachal Pradesh. Settings and Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on patients visiting the outpatient department. Methods: Data were obtained from the participant and recorded on a structured schedule using OHL-AQ. Statistical Analysis: The two-assumption essential for IRT are unidimensionality and local independence of items. Unidimensional dichotomous IRT consists of three models and three parameters of difficulty discrimination and guessing. Item response interpretation is based on item characteristic curves, test characteristic curve (TCC), and test information function, and analyses were conducted using the statistical software package STATA version 14. Results: The selection of 3PL model is based on the likelihood ratio test which is higher (χ2 = 133.62, P < 0.0001) than other models (χ2 = 130.41, P < 0.0001). The parameter estimate of pseudo-guessing is 0.02 indicating mild degree of guessing and represent the smallest probability of correct response. The TCC of the study shows that 95% of the randomly selected respondent scored between 3.23 and 14. The median probability of correct response is 8.16 when both difficulty and discrimination parameter is equal. Conclusion: IRT is an estimated probability of a response to a given item. Our study showed that OHL-AQ measures higher levels of OHL more precisely compared to lower levels. The OHL-AQ scale is the precise measure of both high and low levels of OHL.
{"title":"Test and item information of oral health literacy adult questionnaire: An item response theory study in Himachal Pradesh","authors":"D. Gurung, V. Bhardwaj, Shailee Fotedar","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_94_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_94_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Item response theory (IRT), is a psychometric measure of trait considering each response positioned on a continuum. Aim: Assessment of item and test information Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) using IRT in the patient visiting the tertiary institution of Himachal Pradesh. Settings and Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on patients visiting the outpatient department. Methods: Data were obtained from the participant and recorded on a structured schedule using OHL-AQ. Statistical Analysis: The two-assumption essential for IRT are unidimensionality and local independence of items. Unidimensional dichotomous IRT consists of three models and three parameters of difficulty discrimination and guessing. Item response interpretation is based on item characteristic curves, test characteristic curve (TCC), and test information function, and analyses were conducted using the statistical software package STATA version 14. Results: The selection of 3PL model is based on the likelihood ratio test which is higher (χ2 = 133.62, P < 0.0001) than other models (χ2 = 130.41, P < 0.0001). The parameter estimate of pseudo-guessing is 0.02 indicating mild degree of guessing and represent the smallest probability of correct response. The TCC of the study shows that 95% of the randomly selected respondent scored between 3.23 and 14. The median probability of correct response is 8.16 when both difficulty and discrimination parameter is equal. Conclusion: IRT is an estimated probability of a response to a given item. Our study showed that OHL-AQ measures higher levels of OHL more precisely compared to lower levels. The OHL-AQ scale is the precise measure of both high and low levels of OHL.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"246 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49230119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qury Nagadia, Ghosha Pandav, Urja Nagadia, Nisha Prajapati, Nehal H. Patel, R. Thanvi
Background: Convulsion during the first few weeks of life in a newborn is a frequent problem. Such disturbances may have many causes contributing to their etiology and have prognostic significance as well. Objective: This study aimed to determine the etiology, effect of gestational age, onset, types, and mortality of neonatal convulsions. We also aimed to evaluate the clinical parameters, computed tomography (CT) brain scan, neurosonogram, metabolic profile, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis as well as the response of antiepileptic drugs and outcome in these babies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done at the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study group comprised 358 neonates with neonatal seizures (163 inborn and 195 referred) admitted over 2 years. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 12 (Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: Out of 10,232 live births, 163 had seizures in the neonatal period, giving an incidence of 15.9/1000 live births. The most common type of seizure was tonic accounting for 33.2%. The most common etiology was perinatal asphyxia – 50.8%, followed by central nervous system infection – 20.1%. One hundred and twenty-six out of 358 patients expired contributing to mortality of 35.1%. All the newborns with perinatal asphyxia had seizures within the first 7 days. Conclusions: Improvement in antenatal and perinatal care with early identification of high-risk mothers will reduce the incidence of birth asphyxia and thereby of neonatal convulsions. Subtle seizures are most common and should not be missed. CT brain scan and neurosonogram are useful in the early detection of cerebral edema, ischemic hypodensities, and hemorrhage which contributes to prognostic significance.
{"title":"A retrospective cross sectional study on clinical profile of neonatal seizures in a tertiary care government hospital, Western India","authors":"Qury Nagadia, Ghosha Pandav, Urja Nagadia, Nisha Prajapati, Nehal H. Patel, R. Thanvi","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_24_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_24_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Convulsion during the first few weeks of life in a newborn is a frequent problem. Such disturbances may have many causes contributing to their etiology and have prognostic significance as well. Objective: This study aimed to determine the etiology, effect of gestational age, onset, types, and mortality of neonatal convulsions. We also aimed to evaluate the clinical parameters, computed tomography (CT) brain scan, neurosonogram, metabolic profile, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis as well as the response of antiepileptic drugs and outcome in these babies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done at the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study group comprised 358 neonates with neonatal seizures (163 inborn and 195 referred) admitted over 2 years. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 12 (Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: Out of 10,232 live births, 163 had seizures in the neonatal period, giving an incidence of 15.9/1000 live births. The most common type of seizure was tonic accounting for 33.2%. The most common etiology was perinatal asphyxia – 50.8%, followed by central nervous system infection – 20.1%. One hundred and twenty-six out of 358 patients expired contributing to mortality of 35.1%. All the newborns with perinatal asphyxia had seizures within the first 7 days. Conclusions: Improvement in antenatal and perinatal care with early identification of high-risk mothers will reduce the incidence of birth asphyxia and thereby of neonatal convulsions. Subtle seizures are most common and should not be missed. CT brain scan and neurosonogram are useful in the early detection of cerebral edema, ischemic hypodensities, and hemorrhage which contributes to prognostic significance.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"231 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48032773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is primarily a respiratory illness. The sequelae have been observed affecting multiple organ systems, adding to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. It has also been shown to have adverse effects on lipid profile in some case studies. Acute pancreatitis (AP) post-COVID-19 infection has been described previously. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-described cause of AP. Here, we report patients presenting with post-COVID-19 infection with HTG causing AP.
{"title":"Hypertriglyceridemia associated acute pancreatitis post SARS COV-2 infection: A case series of four patients","authors":"Alekya Vulpala, S. Nalla, Babul Reddy","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_57_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_57_22","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is primarily a respiratory illness. The sequelae have been observed affecting multiple organ systems, adding to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. It has also been shown to have adverse effects on lipid profile in some case studies. Acute pancreatitis (AP) post-COVID-19 infection has been described previously. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-described cause of AP. Here, we report patients presenting with post-COVID-19 infection with HTG causing AP.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"277 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44495460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the case of a 13-month-old girl with neuroregression over 3 months and encephalopathy at presentation. Marked skin hyperpigmentation and being exclusively breastfed gave the clue to B12 deficiency secondary to maternal B12 deficiency as the possible etiology which was confirmed on investigation. Upon treatment with parenteral B12 therapy she demonstrated dramatic improvement at follow-up. Nutritional B12 deficiency is an imminently treatable cause of neurocognitive dysfunction. Better awareness, healthy complementary feeding practices in infancy and perhaps maternal B12 supplementation can help prevent this disorder.
{"title":"A treatable cause of neuroregression","authors":"Accurate Mercy, S. Korula","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_40_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a 13-month-old girl with neuroregression over 3 months and encephalopathy at presentation. Marked skin hyperpigmentation and being exclusively breastfed gave the clue to B12 deficiency secondary to maternal B12 deficiency as the possible etiology which was confirmed on investigation. Upon treatment with parenteral B12 therapy she demonstrated dramatic improvement at follow-up. Nutritional B12 deficiency is an imminently treatable cause of neurocognitive dysfunction. Better awareness, healthy complementary feeding practices in infancy and perhaps maternal B12 supplementation can help prevent this disorder.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"285 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47956869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Garg, R. Mahajan, Zobiakhlui Chhakchhuak, Vanlal Tluanpuii
Introduction: The emergence of methicillin resistance among staphylococcal infections has led to increasing demand for the use of safe and effective agents to treat such infections. Clindamycin is one such drug which is gaining the interest of clinicians because of its excellent pharmacokinetic properties. However, the widespread use of macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B antibiotics has led to inducible or constitutive resistance which is a major concern. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin, susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance leading to treatment failure, thus requiring a simple D test to detect such resistance on a routine basis. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: One thousand isolates isolates of S. aureus obtained from various clinical samples were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including cefoxitin (30 μg) using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistance was tested by the “D test” as per CLSI guidelines. Results and Conclusion: Out of 1000 isolates of S. aureus, 556 (55.6%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and 444 (44.4%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The total percentage of inducible clindamycin resistance was found to be 21.9%. Inducible clindamycin resistance was found to be higher among MRSA making treatment of such infections more difficult. D test is a simple test which can be included in routine testing of antibiotic susceptibility for staphylococcal isolates to detect inducible clindamycin resistance so as to avoid treatment failure and aid in the judicious use of this drug.
{"title":"Clindamycin: An adjunct option in drug-resistant staphylococcal infections","authors":"S. Garg, R. Mahajan, Zobiakhlui Chhakchhuak, Vanlal Tluanpuii","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_75_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_75_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The emergence of methicillin resistance among staphylococcal infections has led to increasing demand for the use of safe and effective agents to treat such infections. Clindamycin is one such drug which is gaining the interest of clinicians because of its excellent pharmacokinetic properties. However, the widespread use of macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B antibiotics has led to inducible or constitutive resistance which is a major concern. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin, susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance leading to treatment failure, thus requiring a simple D test to detect such resistance on a routine basis. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: One thousand isolates isolates of S. aureus obtained from various clinical samples were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including cefoxitin (30 μg) using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistance was tested by the “D test” as per CLSI guidelines. Results and Conclusion: Out of 1000 isolates of S. aureus, 556 (55.6%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and 444 (44.4%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The total percentage of inducible clindamycin resistance was found to be 21.9%. Inducible clindamycin resistance was found to be higher among MRSA making treatment of such infections more difficult. D test is a simple test which can be included in routine testing of antibiotic susceptibility for staphylococcal isolates to detect inducible clindamycin resistance so as to avoid treatment failure and aid in the judicious use of this drug.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"242 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46902805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pahwa, S. Dudani, Vandana Gangadharan, R. Gulati
Context: Medical education. Aims: This study was an effort to sensitize students and faculty with an active learning technique known as jigsaw method and study its effectiveness and feasibility. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study was conducted for 2nd-year medical undergraduates in a 2 h long session. Subjects and Methods: Eighty out of 100 students of entry batch 2017 during the third semester in 2018 participated in this study with the supervision of five faculty members. The session was evaluated using prevalidated anonymous questionnaires filled by faculty and students. Statistical Analysis Used: Questionnaire used comprised nine questions for students and seven for faculty questionnaire to which the responses were to be marked on a 5-point Likert scale. The percentage of students/faculty with each response was calculated and analyzed. Results: More than 85% of the class agreed that jigsaw classroom guided them to take responsibility of their own learning and was helpful in developing their information-synthesizing skills. Almost the same percentage of students was interested in participating in a similar active learning technique in future as well. Conclusions: Student-centered learning approaches like jigsaw technique aim to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of the student. Such techniques promote learning and foster respect among students from diverse backgrounds.
{"title":"Introduction of the jigsaw technique of cooperative learning in teaching pathology to medical undergraduates","authors":"A. Pahwa, S. Dudani, Vandana Gangadharan, R. Gulati","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Medical education. Aims: This study was an effort to sensitize students and faculty with an active learning technique known as jigsaw method and study its effectiveness and feasibility. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study was conducted for 2nd-year medical undergraduates in a 2 h long session. Subjects and Methods: Eighty out of 100 students of entry batch 2017 during the third semester in 2018 participated in this study with the supervision of five faculty members. The session was evaluated using prevalidated anonymous questionnaires filled by faculty and students. Statistical Analysis Used: Questionnaire used comprised nine questions for students and seven for faculty questionnaire to which the responses were to be marked on a 5-point Likert scale. The percentage of students/faculty with each response was calculated and analyzed. Results: More than 85% of the class agreed that jigsaw classroom guided them to take responsibility of their own learning and was helpful in developing their information-synthesizing skills. Almost the same percentage of students was interested in participating in a similar active learning technique in future as well. Conclusions: Student-centered learning approaches like jigsaw technique aim to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of the student. Such techniques promote learning and foster respect among students from diverse backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"252 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44503825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Adopting interactive teaching in dermatology will encourage the students to acquire a deeper understanding of the subject, increase attention span and retention of knowledge, and enhance self-directed learning. Aim and Objectives: To introduce Quiz as an Interactive teaching tool in dermatology and assess the perception of the undergraduate students and faculty about using quizzes in dermatology. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in the department of dermatology. Participants are the 2nd year MBBS students. After sensitizing the students and taking informed consent, quizzes were conducted on four topics, at appropriate time intervals using the “POLL EVERYWHERE” software. During the lecture, a quiz was conducted as follows: At the beginning of the lecture (a), after 20 min (b) and at the end of the lecture (c). At the end of the 4 interactive lectures, questionnaires were provided to the students and faculty to get feedback on their perception regarding the interactive teaching sessions. The responses of the feedback forms were graded using a 5-point Likert's scale. Statistical Analysis: The data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences, software version 21.o. Armonk, NY: IBM corp). Open-ended questions were analyzed by thematic qualitative analysis and expressed as percentages. Results: About 44.6% agreed that quizzes do make dermatology more interactive. Around 53% students agreed that interactive learning helps in better retention of knowledge. All faculty perceived that interactive learning is an appropriate motivator for the undergraduate students to do self-directed learning and that quiz is an effective tool. Conclusions: Interactive teaching learning methods such as quizzes will encourage the students in the better understanding of dermatology.
{"title":"Introduction of interactive teaching in dermatology to enhance learning","authors":"Abhilasha Williams, E. Thomas, A. Bhatia","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_72_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_72_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adopting interactive teaching in dermatology will encourage the students to acquire a deeper understanding of the subject, increase attention span and retention of knowledge, and enhance self-directed learning. Aim and Objectives: To introduce Quiz as an Interactive teaching tool in dermatology and assess the perception of the undergraduate students and faculty about using quizzes in dermatology. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in the department of dermatology. Participants are the 2nd year MBBS students. After sensitizing the students and taking informed consent, quizzes were conducted on four topics, at appropriate time intervals using the “POLL EVERYWHERE” software. During the lecture, a quiz was conducted as follows: At the beginning of the lecture (a), after 20 min (b) and at the end of the lecture (c). At the end of the 4 interactive lectures, questionnaires were provided to the students and faculty to get feedback on their perception regarding the interactive teaching sessions. The responses of the feedback forms were graded using a 5-point Likert's scale. Statistical Analysis: The data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences, software version 21.o. Armonk, NY: IBM corp). Open-ended questions were analyzed by thematic qualitative analysis and expressed as percentages. Results: About 44.6% agreed that quizzes do make dermatology more interactive. Around 53% students agreed that interactive learning helps in better retention of knowledge. All faculty perceived that interactive learning is an appropriate motivator for the undergraduate students to do self-directed learning and that quiz is an effective tool. Conclusions: Interactive teaching learning methods such as quizzes will encourage the students in the better understanding of dermatology.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"237 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45635432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madiha Nazer, L. Ragunathan, P. Bharathi, I. Deepika
A pandemic named SARS-COV2 COVID 19 affected many people's life in different ways globally. The normal life is still far away, lockdown rules have been relaxed in many countries. Morbidity and mortality increased a lot after the first wave. COVID-19 has affected medical education in a significant way. Most of the patients were asymptomatic during the second wave and some had symptoms such as myalgia, fever, and cough, which complicated to pneumonia, respiratory distress, and thromboembolic complications. There have been the development of many vaccines such as Covaxin, Pfizer–BioNTech, Covishield, Sputnik V, and Moderna, and these vaccinations have been given to frontline medical workers, people with comorbidities, aged people, etc., with high priority and then the general population. Many pregnant and peripartum women were put on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in severe to critical cases. A new black fungus was found in post-COVID 19 infections. It was named mucormycosis which usually affected immunocompromised people. There is a high importance in the examination of all the different epidemiological variables of all the places in all the regions across the world, to understand the mutations, and severity of the disease and also to be prepared. Many studies done on COVID-19 in first and the second wave was reviewed in detail and were compared for this review.
{"title":"COVID 19 second wave – What has changed since the first wave","authors":"Madiha Nazer, L. Ragunathan, P. Bharathi, I. Deepika","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"A pandemic named SARS-COV2 COVID 19 affected many people's life in different ways globally. The normal life is still far away, lockdown rules have been relaxed in many countries. Morbidity and mortality increased a lot after the first wave. COVID-19 has affected medical education in a significant way. Most of the patients were asymptomatic during the second wave and some had symptoms such as myalgia, fever, and cough, which complicated to pneumonia, respiratory distress, and thromboembolic complications. There have been the development of many vaccines such as Covaxin, Pfizer–BioNTech, Covishield, Sputnik V, and Moderna, and these vaccinations have been given to frontline medical workers, people with comorbidities, aged people, etc., with high priority and then the general population. Many pregnant and peripartum women were put on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in severe to critical cases. A new black fungus was found in post-COVID 19 infections. It was named mucormycosis which usually affected immunocompromised people. There is a high importance in the examination of all the different epidemiological variables of all the places in all the regions across the world, to understand the mutations, and severity of the disease and also to be prepared. Many studies done on COVID-19 in first and the second wave was reviewed in detail and were compared for this review.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"219 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42238747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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