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Decision-making process in the selection of home hemodialysis treatment by adult patients with end-stage renal disease in the United Kingdom: A systematic literature review 英国成年终末期肾病患者家庭血液透析治疗选择的决策过程:系统文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_69_22
M. Ekpenyong, Stephen Alfred, Bosu-Arije Foluke, Oley Jallow, C. Manju, Nyashanu Mathew
Introduction: In the UK, the number of people diagnosed with renal disease is on the increase. As a result, there will be more people in need of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Despite the mounting evidence showing that home hemodialysis (HHD) treatment is clinical and cost-effective as well as amendable to suit patients' lifestyle, the number of patients choosing this dialysis modality is low. The aim of this study is to explore factors influencing decision-making process in the selection of HHD treatment for adult patients with end-stage renal disease in the UK. Methods: A systematic literature review methodology was utilized to review, critique, and synthesize the literature on the low uptake of HHD among adult patients. Systematic searches involving the databases Google Scholar, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were carried out for articles published from 2008 to 2021. A search was conducted from June 1 through December 23, 2020. Eight articles met the study inclusion criteria. We followed preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses in designing the research and reporting. Results: This systematic review revealed that patient information needs, dialysis education, training and support, and patient decision-making preference were the major factors influencing decision-making of adult patients. Conclusion: Deciding over which dialysis modality to choose can be challenging for many adult patients. Dialysis education, training, and support should not stop at the predialysis stage but should continue during treatment.
简介:在英国,被诊断患有肾脏疾病的人数正在增加。因此,将有更多的人需要肾脏替代疗法(RRT)。尽管越来越多的证据表明家庭血液透析(HHD)治疗具有临床意义和成本效益,并且可以适应患者的生活方式,但选择这种透析方式的患者数量很少。本研究的目的是探讨影响英国成年终末期肾病患者HHD治疗选择决策过程的因素。方法:采用系统的文献回顾方法,对成人HHD低摄取的文献进行回顾、批判和综合。系统检索数据库谷歌Scholar、EMBASE、MEDLINE、PsycINFO和CINAHL,检索2008年至2021年发表的文章。从2020年6月1日到12月23日进行了搜索。8篇文章符合研究纳入标准。在设计研究和报告时,我们遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目。结果:本系统综述显示,患者信息需求、透析教育、培训和支持、患者决策偏好是影响成人患者决策的主要因素。结论:决定选择哪种透析方式对许多成人患者来说是具有挑战性的。透析教育、培训和支持不应在透析前阶段停止,而应在治疗期间继续进行。
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引用次数: 0
A giant posterior mediastinal goiter 巨大的后纵隔甲状腺肿
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_86_22
Ajin Anto, Surjeet Dwivedi, Raj Mohan, Rakesh Jha
Goiter is defined as abnormal (either nodular or diffuse) growth of the thyroid gland. The normal thyroid gland is located in neck, caudal to larynx in anterolateral portion of the trachea. Intrathoracic goiter, defined as growth of more than 50% of the thyroid gland below the thoracic operculum, mostly located in anterior mediastinum and is seen in only 8%–15% of all goiters. Posterior mediastinal goiters (PMGs) are rare and accounts for only 2% of intrathoracic goiters. Patients usually present with a cervical mass and local pressure symptoms due to tracheal, esophageal, or superior vena cava compression. The diagnosis is established by chest X-ray, computed tomography scan, and fine-needle aspiration cytology. A combined cervicothoracic approach is the procedure of choice as it provides easy access, better visualization, and optimal control of blood vessels. We, hereby, describe a case of giant PMG, which was managed successfully at our center.
甲状腺肿是指甲状腺异常(结节性或弥漫性)生长。正常的甲状腺位于颈部,气管前外侧的喉部尾部。胸腔内甲状腺肿,定义为50%以上的甲状腺在胸腔盖下生长,主要位于前纵隔,仅在8%-15%的甲状腺肿中可见。后纵隔甲状腺肿是罕见的,仅占胸内甲状腺肿的2%。患者通常因气管、食道或上腔静脉压迫而出现颈部肿块和局部压迫症状。诊断是通过胸部X光、计算机断层扫描和细针抽吸细胞学来确定的。颈胸联合入路是首选的手术方式,因为它提供了方便的进入、更好的可视化和血管的最佳控制。我们在此描述一个大型PMG的案例,该案例在我们的中心成功管理。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the analgesic effect of oral sucrose solution on neonates undergoing a minor painful procedure 口服蔗糖溶液对新生儿轻微疼痛手术的镇痛效果评价
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_14_22
Kallol Paul, P. Halder, Rituparna Das, Arpita Choudhury, Prerna Goenka, Sourav Roy
Background: Pacifying newborns by nonpharmacological methods during painful procedures is a frequent and difficult problem in routine practice. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the analgesic effects of oral sucrose solution in comparison to placebo (sterile water) in neonates. Materials and Methods: A prospective, double-blinded study of 100 neonates who were divided into two groups after simple randomization, to give either 30% sucrose solution (group A) or sterile water (group B) during an intravenous catheterization. Assessment of pain by the Douleur Aigue Nouveau-ne scale (DAN) and changes in the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), or arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) during peripheral vein catheterization were analyzed. Results: The mean change of HR, RR, and SpO2 was more in group B compared to group A. The mean DAN scores were 2.24 ± 2.026 and 6.92 ± 2.538 in group A and group B, respectively. None of these results were statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There was a less prominent change in HR, RR, and SpO2 with response to noxious stimuli with oral sucrose administration in newborns when compared to placebo.
背景:在常规操作中,用非药物方法对新生儿进行安抚是一个常见而困难的问题。目的:本研究的目的是确定口服蔗糖溶液与安慰剂(无菌水)对新生儿的镇痛作用。材料和方法:对100名新生儿进行前瞻性双盲研究,这些新生儿在简单随机化后分为两组,在静脉插管期间给予30%蔗糖溶液(A组)或无菌水(B组)。分析了Douler-Aigue新运动量表(DAN)对疼痛的评估以及外周静脉置管期间心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)或动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化。结果:与A组相比,B组的HR、RR和SpO2的平均变化更大。A组和B组的平均DAN得分分别为2.24±2.026和6.92±2.538。这些结果均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与安慰剂相比,新生儿口服蔗糖对有害刺激的反应在HR、RR和SpO2方面的变化不那么显著。
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引用次数: 0
Complexities of Covishield Vaccine on COVID-Positive History Family in India after the Second (Booster) Dose Covishield疫苗在第二剂(加强剂)接种后对印度新冠肺炎阳性史家族的复杂性
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_50_22
P. Jamdade, S. Jamdade
COVID-19 epidemic severely affects the social life of people living in India. The best solution to the COVID-19 problem is the vaccination of the people. In India, COVID-19 vaccination started from January 16, 2021, mainly with the Covishield vaccine. In this study, the COVID-positive history family was selected who had taken the first and second (booster) doses residing at Pune, Maharashtra, India, was followed up to check for any side effects postvaccination. Their data were collected with participant-administered questions. The predominant side effects reported were uneasiness, pyrexia (fever), voice difference, vomiting, and headache. The side effects were started at 2–16 h postvaccination while it takes an average duration of 48–60 h to last. Analysis shows nonpresence of major and serious side effects makes the Covidshield vaccine safe for use in the COVID-positive history population.
新冠肺炎疫情严重影响印度民众的社会生活。COVID-19问题的最佳解决方案是人民接种疫苗。在印度,从2021年1月16日开始接种COVID-19疫苗,主要使用Covishield疫苗。在这项研究中,选择了居住在印度马哈拉施特拉邦浦那的冠状病毒阳性病史家庭,他们接种了第一剂和第二剂(加强剂),并进行了随访,以检查疫苗接种后的任何副作用。他们的数据是通过参与者管理的问题收集的。报告的主要副作用为不安、发热、异音、呕吐和头痛。副作用在疫苗接种后2-16小时开始,平均持续48-60小时。分析显示,不存在严重的严重副作用,因此covid - shield疫苗可安全用于有covid - 19阳性病史的人群。
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引用次数: 0
Cost of care and impact on quality of life of upper urinary tract infections in South India with a focus on diabetics and extended-spectrum beta-lactam producing organisms 南印度上尿路感染的护理成本和对生活质量的影响,重点关注糖尿病患者和广谱β-内酰胺产生菌
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_105_22
Ebenezer Daniel, B. Yadav, L. Jeyaseelan, M. Babu, Selvin Raj Mani, A. Mathuram, S. Sathyendra, S. Hansdak, R. Iyyadurai, R. Sahni, T. Sudarsanam
Background and Objectives: Upper urinary tract infections (UTIs) that require in-patient care can be expensive. Comorbid conditions such as diabetes as well as UTI due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria may affect costs. The quality of life of patients with this condition has not been described. Methods: This was a cost of illness study that prospectively evaluated patients admitted with upper UTI to a medical ward in a tertiary care hospital. Direct medical and nonmedical costs, indirect costs were collected to make the total cost per admission. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF score. We also compared costs between those with and without diabetes or ESBL infection. Results: Between March 2016 and July 2017, 92 eligible patients were included in the study. The average age was 55.8 years; two thirds were diabetics. The mean overall cost of a single admission for upper UTI was INR.88, 330.2 (1370.4 USD). This was INR.96, 193.0 (1492.6 USD) and INR.1, 03,154.9 (1600.4 USD) among those with diabetes mellitus and ESBL infection, respectively. The cost was higher among those with diabetes and ESBL than those without; this difference reached statistically significance for the ESBL group. The quality of life was affected in all domains; the psychological being most affected among diabetics and ESBL infected. Conclusions: The mean total cost of admission for an upper UTI in a tertiary care hospital in South India was INR 88,330 (1370.4 USD). This is higher if the patient has diabetes or ESBL organism causing the UTI. Quality of life is clearly reduced especially in the psychological domain.
背景和目的:需要住院治疗的上尿路感染(uti)可能很昂贵。糖尿病和由广谱β -内酰胺酶(ESBL)产生的细菌引起的尿路感染等合并症可能会影响成本。患有这种疾病的患者的生活质量尚未得到描述。方法:这是一项疾病成本研究,前瞻性地评估上尿路感染入住三级医院病房的患者。直接医疗费用、非医疗费用、间接费用合计为每次住院总费用。生活质量采用世界卫生组织生活质量评分进行评估。我们还比较了有和没有糖尿病或ESBL感染的患者之间的费用。结果:2016年3月至2017年7月,92名符合条件的患者纳入研究。平均年龄55.8岁;三分之二是糖尿病患者。上尿路感染单次入院的平均总费用为88,330.2卢比(1370.4美元)。糖尿病和ESBL感染患者分别为96,193.0卢比(1492.6美元)和1,03,154.9卢比(1600.4美元)。糖尿病和ESBL患者的成本高于非糖尿病患者;这一差异在ESBL组中具有统计学意义。生活质量在所有领域都受到影响;糖尿病患者和ESBL感染者的心理受影响最大。结论:印度南部三级医院上颌尿路感染的平均总住院费用为88330印度卢比(1370.4美元)。如果患者患有糖尿病或引起尿路感染的ESBL生物体,这一比例会更高。生活质量明显下降,尤其是在心理领域。
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引用次数: 0
Viral isolates in pediatric ventilator-associated pneumonia 小儿呼吸机相关性肺炎的病毒分离株
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_30_22
Bhawani Parihar, R. Agrawal, Vijendra Garg, Jagdish Singh, A. Goyal, Raj Gupta, S. Gothwal
Introduction: Although ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) mostly has bacterial etiology, many cases have viral etiology. The present study aimed at determining the proportion of viral VAP and any associated factors and identifying the viral isolates in pediatric VAP. Materials and Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted at pediatric intensive care unit of tertiary referral center including 120 VAP cases aged 1–18 years. Endotracheal aspiration samples from these patients were tested for viral etiology. Results: Most VAP cases were males (66.7%). Virus was isolated in 14.2% of cases of VAP. Human adenovirus (29%), respiratory syncytial virus (29%), and herpes simplex virus (24%) were the most common viruses identified. Viral VAP was significantly associated with age, primary disease, and total leukocyte count. Neutrophil count decreased and lymphocyte count increased significantly after viral VAP. Conclusion: Viral etiology should be considered in VAP patients, especially in patients not responding to antibiotics as proper diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate antiviral could be lifesaving. Prevalent viruses may vary geographically; hence, hospitals should try to identify the common viruses causing VAP in their settings to guide appropriate battery of tests and antiviral drugs.
引言:尽管呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)大多具有细菌病因,但许多病例具有病毒病因。本研究旨在确定病毒性VAP和任何相关因素的比例,并鉴定儿科VAP中的病毒分离株。材料和方法:在三级转诊中心的儿科重症监护室进行描述性观察性研究,包括120例年龄在1-18岁的VAP病例。对这些患者的气管内抽吸样本进行病毒病因检测。结果:VAP患者多为男性(66.7%),病毒分离率为14.2%。人类腺病毒(29%)、呼吸道合胞病毒(29%)和单纯疱疹病毒(24%)是最常见的病毒。病毒性VAP与年龄、原发性疾病和白细胞总数显著相关。病毒性VAP后中性粒细胞计数下降,淋巴细胞计数显著增加。结论:VAP患者应考虑病毒病因,尤其是对抗生素无反应的患者,因为正确的诊断和及时启动适当的抗病毒药物可以挽救生命。流行病毒可能因地理位置而异;因此,医院应该尝试在其环境中识别导致VAP的常见病毒,以指导适当的一组测试和抗病毒药物。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of injection bleomycin on lymphangioma circumscriptum with keloid formation and secondary infection 注射博来霉素治疗瘢痕形成伴继发感染的周边淋巴管瘤
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_84_22
A. Thomas, E. Thomas, Abhilasha Williams
Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a microcystic lymphatic malformation localized to an area of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle which presents with vesiculo-papules or warty lesions, resembling a “frog spawn.” Keloids develop due to the proliferation of dermal tissue following skin injury. We present a case of lymphangioma circumscriptum with secondary infection and keloid formation treated with intralesional bleomycin.
局限性淋巴管瘤是一种局限于皮肤、皮下组织和肌肉区域的微囊性淋巴畸形,表现为水泡状丘疹或疣状病变,类似于“蛙卵”。瘢痕疙瘩是由于皮肤损伤后真皮组织增殖而形成的。我们报告了一例局限性淋巴管瘤继发感染和瘢痕疙瘩形成,用病变内博来霉素治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Bacteriological Profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of tracheal secretions isolates among intensive care unit patients at tertiary care hospital 三级医院重症监护病房患者气管分泌物分离株的细菌学特征和耐药性
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_9_22
Bhavin Prajapati, P. Gohel, Atit Shah, H. Shah, Kaival K Kothari, Jayshri Pethani
Introduction: Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in critically ill patients. The excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has led to the development of drug resistance, thus resulting in the emergence of pathogens which are difficult to treat. Materials and Methods: A total of 632 tracheal secretions were received in the Bacteriology section of the microbiology department of a tertiary care hospital from November 2019 to February 2020. Tracheal secretions were processed for culture according to standard operating procedures. Identification, phenotype detection, and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed by automated VITEK-2 Compact system. Results: In total, 632 tracheal secretions were received during the study period, 559 cultures yielded significant pathogens and no organisms were isolated in 73 cultures. Among the Gram-negative organism 540 (97%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%) was the most common isolates. Gram-positive organisms 12 (2%) and Candida spp. 7 (1%) were isolated. The most common phenotype detected in Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae was extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producer. Conclusions: K. pneumoniae was the most common isolate from tracheal secretion among intensive care unit patients. Colistin, followed by tigecycline, was found to be the most susceptible antibiotics. K. pneumoniae was found to be sensitive to tigecycline (69%) with minimum inhibitory concentrations of ≤ 1. 0.6%. K. pneumoniae was colistin resistant.
引言:呼吸道感染与高发病率和死亡率有关,尤其是在危重患者中。广谱抗生素的过度使用导致了耐药性的发展,从而导致了难以治疗的病原体的出现。材料和方法:2019年11月至2020年2月,在一家三级护理医院微生物科细菌科共接收632份气管分泌物。根据标准操作程序处理气管分泌物进行培养。鉴定、表型检测和抗生素敏感性测试通过自动化VITEK-2 Compact系统进行。结果:在研究期间,共收到632份气管分泌物,559份培养物产生了显著的病原体,73份培养物中未分离出任何生物体。在革兰氏阴性菌540(97%)中,肺炎克雷伯菌(30%)是最常见的分离株。分离到革兰氏阳性菌12株(2%)和念珠菌7株(1%)。在大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中检测到的最常见表型是超广谱β-内酰胺酶产生者。结论:肺炎克雷伯菌是重症监护病房患者中最常见的气管分泌物分离物。大肠杆菌素,其次是替加环素,被发现是最易感的抗生素。肺炎克雷伯菌对替加环素敏感(69%),最低抑制浓度≤1。0.6%。肺炎克雷伯菌对粘菌素具有耐药性。
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引用次数: 0
Transgender reproductive medicine: Need for the near future 跨性别生殖医学:近期需要
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_35_22
R. Baid
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引用次数: 0
An unprecedented presentation of foreign body 异物的空前呈现
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_115_21
R. Kadni, M. Mathews
{"title":"An unprecedented presentation of foreign body","authors":"R. Kadni, M. Mathews","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_115_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_115_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48778124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research
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