Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-11-28DOI: 10.15441/ceem.22.360
Tae Gun Shin, Youngjoo Lee, Kyuseok Kim, Min Sung Lee, Joon-Myoung Kwon
Objective: Based on the development of artificial intelligence (AI), an emerging number of methods have achieved outstanding performances in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, AI-ECG analysis using a multicenter prospective design for detecting AMI has yet to be conducted. This prospective multicenter observational study aims to validate an AI-ECG model for detecting AMI in patients visiting the emergency department.
Methods: Approximately 9,000 adult patients with chest pain and/or equivalent symptoms of AMI will be enrolled in 18 emergency medical centers in Korea. The AI-ECG analysis algorithm we developed and validated will be used in this study. The primary endpoint is the diagnosis of AMI on the day of visiting the emergency center, and the secondary endpoint is a 30-day major adverse cardiac event. From March 2022, patient registration has begun at centers approved by the institutional review board.
Discussion: This is the first prospective study designed to identify the efficacy of an AI-based 12-lead ECG analysis algorithm for diagnosing AMI in emergency departments across multiple centers. This study may provide insights into the utility of deep learning in detecting AMI on electrocardiograms in emergency departments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05435391. Registered on June 28, 2022.
{"title":"ROMIAE (Rule-Out Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Artificial Intelligence Electrocardiogram Analysis) trial study protocol: a prospective multicenter observational study for validation of a deep learning-based 12-lead electrocardiogram analysis model for detecting acute myocardial infarction in patients visiting the emergency department.","authors":"Tae Gun Shin, Youngjoo Lee, Kyuseok Kim, Min Sung Lee, Joon-Myoung Kwon","doi":"10.15441/ceem.22.360","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.22.360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Based on the development of artificial intelligence (AI), an emerging number of methods have achieved outstanding performances in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, AI-ECG analysis using a multicenter prospective design for detecting AMI has yet to be conducted. This prospective multicenter observational study aims to validate an AI-ECG model for detecting AMI in patients visiting the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Approximately 9,000 adult patients with chest pain and/or equivalent symptoms of AMI will be enrolled in 18 emergency medical centers in Korea. The AI-ECG analysis algorithm we developed and validated will be used in this study. The primary endpoint is the diagnosis of AMI on the day of visiting the emergency center, and the secondary endpoint is a 30-day major adverse cardiac event. From March 2022, patient registration has begun at centers approved by the institutional review board.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This is the first prospective study designed to identify the efficacy of an AI-based 12-lead ECG analysis algorithm for diagnosing AMI in emergency departments across multiple centers. This study may provide insights into the utility of deep learning in detecting AMI on electrocardiograms in emergency departments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05435391. Registered on June 28, 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"438-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10790062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.140
Shin Ahn, Eunsil Ko, Young Sun Ro
{"title":"Acute myocardial infarction diagnosed in emergency departments: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.","authors":"Shin Ahn, Eunsil Ko, Young Sun Ro","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.140","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S42-S47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.151
Hyun Ho Yoo, Young Sun Ro, Eunsil Ko, Jin-Hee Lee, So-Hyun Han, Taerim Kim, Tae Gun Shin, Seongjung Kim, Hansol Chang
Objective: : This study analyzed trends in emergency department (ED) visits in South Korea using the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) data from 2018 to 2022.
Methods: : This was a retrospective observational study using data from the NEDIS database from 2018 to 2022. Age- and sex-standardized ED visits per 100,000 population, as well as age- and sex-standardized rates for mortality, admission, and transfer, were calculated.
Results: : The standardized ED visits per 100,000 population was approximately 20,000 from 2018 to 2019 and decreased to about 18,000 in 2022. The standardized mortality rate ranged from 1.4% to 1.7%. The admission rate (18.4%-19.4%) and the transfer rates (1.6%-1.8%) were similar during the study period. Approximately 5.5% of patients were triaged as Korean Triage and Acuity Scale score 1 or 2. About 91% of patients visited the ED directly and 21.7% of patients visited the ED with an ambulance. The ED length of stay was less than 6 hours in 90.3% of patients and the ED mortality rate was 0.6%. Acute gastroenteritis was the most common diagnosis. Respiratory virus symptoms, such as fever and sore throat, were also common chief complaints.
Conclusion: : ED visits decreased during the 5-year period, while admission, transfer, and death rates remained relatively stable.
{"title":"Epidemiologic trends of patients who visited nationwide emergency departments: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.","authors":"Hyun Ho Yoo, Young Sun Ro, Eunsil Ko, Jin-Hee Lee, So-Hyun Han, Taerim Kim, Tae Gun Shin, Seongjung Kim, Hansol Chang","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.151","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>: This study analyzed trends in emergency department (ED) visits in South Korea using the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) data from 2018 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: This was a retrospective observational study using data from the NEDIS database from 2018 to 2022. Age- and sex-standardized ED visits per 100,000 population, as well as age- and sex-standardized rates for mortality, admission, and transfer, were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>: The standardized ED visits per 100,000 population was approximately 20,000 from 2018 to 2019 and decreased to about 18,000 in 2022. The standardized mortality rate ranged from 1.4% to 1.7%. The admission rate (18.4%-19.4%) and the transfer rates (1.6%-1.8%) were similar during the study period. Approximately 5.5% of patients were triaged as Korean Triage and Acuity Scale score 1 or 2. About 91% of patients visited the ED directly and 21.7% of patients visited the ED with an ambulance. The ED length of stay was less than 6 hours in 90.3% of patients and the ED mortality rate was 0.6%. Acute gastroenteritis was the most common diagnosis. Respiratory virus symptoms, such as fever and sore throat, were also common chief complaints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: ED visits decreased during the 5-year period, while admission, transfer, and death rates remained relatively stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S1-S12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.147
Jung-Youn Kim, Young-Hoon Yoon, Sung Joon Park, Won Pyo Hong, Young Sun Ro
{"title":"Mortality and incidence rate of acute severe trauma patients in the emergency department: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.","authors":"Jung-Youn Kim, Young-Hoon Yoon, Sung Joon Park, Won Pyo Hong, Young Sun Ro","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.147","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S55-S62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.154
Jung Soo Park, Byung Kook Lee, Sung-Keun Ko, Young Sun Ro
{"title":"Recent status of sudden cardiac arrests in emergency medical facilities: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.","authors":"Jung Soo Park, Byung Kook Lee, Sung-Keun Ko, Young Sun Ro","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.154","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S36-S41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.146
Sun Young Lim, You Hwan Jo, Seongjung Kim, Eunsil Ko, Young Sun Ro, Jungeon Kim, Sumin Baek
Objective: : With general aging of the population, emergency department (ED) utilization by elderly patients is increasing. In this study, we analyzed data on ED visits of patients aged 65 years and older in Korea.
Methods: : The study is a retrospective analysis of National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) data from 2018-2022, focusing on patients aged 65 years and older who visited EDs across Korea. ED utilization data were analyzed using Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) scores. The patients were divided into three age groups, and common chief complaints and diagnoses were identified. Age- and sex-standardized ED visits per 100,000 population and outcomes were also analyzed.
Results: : During the study period, there was a total of 9,803,065 elderly patient ED visits. The mean patient age was 76.4±7.6 years, and 47.6% were men. The ED mortality rate and in-hospital mortality rate were 1.8% and 4.6%, respectively. The KTAS scores 1-2 group accounted for 11.0% of patients, KTAS score 3 group for 42.5%, KTAS scores 4-5 group for 37.2%, and KTAS score unknown group for 9.4%. When patients were categorized into three age groups, the oldest group exhibited the highest rates of KTAS score 1, severe illness diagnoses, and mortality. The most frequently reported chief complaint was abdominal pain, and the most common diagnosis was light headedness. When analyzing the data by year, the COVID-19 outbreak had a discernible impact on ED visits and clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: : Over the past 5 years, ED visits for elderly patients have averaged 26,050 per 100,000 population per year, with a temporary decline during the COVID-19 pandemic and a subsequent upward trend.
{"title":"Emergency department utilization in elderly patients: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.","authors":"Sun Young Lim, You Hwan Jo, Seongjung Kim, Eunsil Ko, Young Sun Ro, Jungeon Kim, Sumin Baek","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.146","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>: With general aging of the population, emergency department (ED) utilization by elderly patients is increasing. In this study, we analyzed data on ED visits of patients aged 65 years and older in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: The study is a retrospective analysis of National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) data from 2018-2022, focusing on patients aged 65 years and older who visited EDs across Korea. ED utilization data were analyzed using Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) scores. The patients were divided into three age groups, and common chief complaints and diagnoses were identified. Age- and sex-standardized ED visits per 100,000 population and outcomes were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>: During the study period, there was a total of 9,803,065 elderly patient ED visits. The mean patient age was 76.4±7.6 years, and 47.6% were men. The ED mortality rate and in-hospital mortality rate were 1.8% and 4.6%, respectively. The KTAS scores 1-2 group accounted for 11.0% of patients, KTAS score 3 group for 42.5%, KTAS scores 4-5 group for 37.2%, and KTAS score unknown group for 9.4%. When patients were categorized into three age groups, the oldest group exhibited the highest rates of KTAS score 1, severe illness diagnoses, and mortality. The most frequently reported chief complaint was abdominal pain, and the most common diagnosis was light headedness. When analyzing the data by year, the COVID-19 outbreak had a discernible impact on ED visits and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: Over the past 5 years, ED visits for elderly patients have averaged 26,050 per 100,000 population per year, with a temporary decline during the COVID-19 pandemic and a subsequent upward trend.</p>","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S26-S35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.153
Sung Eun Lee, Hyo Jin Kim, Young Sun Ro
{"title":"Epidemiology of stroke in emergency departments: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.","authors":"Sung Eun Lee, Hyo Jin Kim, Young Sun Ro","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.153","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S48-S54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.141
Kwang Yul Jung, Taehui Kim, Young Sun Ro
{"title":"Epidemiology of suicide attempts and self-harm in emergency departments: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.","authors":"Kwang Yul Jung, Taehui Kim, Young Sun Ro","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.141","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S69-S74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.150
Jin Hyuck Hong, So Hyun Paek, Taerim Kim, Seongjung Kim, Eunsil Ko, Young Sun Ro, Jungeon Kim, Jae Hyun Kwon
Objective: : As of 2018, approximately 1.2 million pediatric patients visited emergency departments (EDs) in Korea, showing a steady increase. Given the distinct differences between children and adults, it is vital to examine the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients visiting the ED.
Methods: : This study retrospectively analyzed the ED use patterns of pediatric patients <18 years old in Korea from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, using data from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS).
Results: : Most pediatric ED patients were boys, with an average age of 6.6±5.3 years. Patients younger than 1 year and those in critical condition had longer ED stays and more frequently required hospital admission and used the 119-ambulance service. The primary symptom was fever, and the most common discharge diagnosis was gastroenteritis. Following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, ED visits decreased by 49%. Meanwhile, there was an increase in in-hospital mortality rate/age- and sex-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 ED visits, Admission and transfer rates remained similar between before and after the start of the pandemic.
Conclusion: : Through this analysis, we identified the characteristics of pediatric patients visiting EDs in Korea. We observed a sharp decline in ED visits after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. From there, ED visits slowly increased but remained below prepandemic levels for 3 years. This research will serve as a foundational resource for appropriately allocating and preparing pediatric ED resources.
{"title":"Characteristics of pediatric emergency department visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.","authors":"Jin Hyuck Hong, So Hyun Paek, Taerim Kim, Seongjung Kim, Eunsil Ko, Young Sun Ro, Jungeon Kim, Jae Hyun Kwon","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.150","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>: As of 2018, approximately 1.2 million pediatric patients visited emergency departments (EDs) in Korea, showing a steady increase. Given the distinct differences between children and adults, it is vital to examine the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients visiting the ED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: This study retrospectively analyzed the ED use patterns of pediatric patients <18 years old in Korea from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, using data from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>: Most pediatric ED patients were boys, with an average age of 6.6±5.3 years. Patients younger than 1 year and those in critical condition had longer ED stays and more frequently required hospital admission and used the 119-ambulance service. The primary symptom was fever, and the most common discharge diagnosis was gastroenteritis. Following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, ED visits decreased by 49%. Meanwhile, there was an increase in in-hospital mortality rate/age- and sex-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 ED visits, Admission and transfer rates remained similar between before and after the start of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: Through this analysis, we identified the characteristics of pediatric patients visiting EDs in Korea. We observed a sharp decline in ED visits after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. From there, ED visits slowly increased but remained below prepandemic levels for 3 years. This research will serve as a foundational resource for appropriately allocating and preparing pediatric ED resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S13-S25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.148
Hang A Park, Borami Lim, Young Sun Ro
{"title":"Trends in traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits in Korea: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) 2018-2022.","authors":"Hang A Park, Borami Lim, Young Sun Ro","doi":"10.15441/ceem.23.148","DOIUrl":"10.15441/ceem.23.148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10325,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine","volume":"10 S","pages":"S63-S68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}