This research explores the measurement and enhancement of entanglement between two rotational modes generated by rotating mirrors within a ring cavity system. The study specifically focuses on the role of the Casimir force in augmenting the entanglement of these modes. A detailed analysis is conducted to understand the impact of various parameters on the entanglement, including the distances between the external plates and the rotating mirrors (), the radius of the rotating mirrors (), the temperature (), and the areas of the external plates. The findings reveal that the presence of the Casimir force significantly enhances the entanglement between the rotational modes. This research introduces a novel technique for modulating the entanglement of rotational modes through the influence of the Casimir force, presenting new possibilities for advancements in quantum information science.
{"title":"Optimization of the rotational mode entanglement in a ring-shaped cavity with Casimir forces","authors":"Rubab Shabir , Fazal Badshah , Sobia Asghar , Ziauddin , Muhammad Idrees , Shi-Hai Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the measurement and enhancement of entanglement between two rotational modes generated by rotating mirrors within a ring cavity system. The study specifically focuses on the role of the Casimir force in augmenting the entanglement of these modes. A detailed analysis is conducted to understand the impact of various parameters on the entanglement, including the distances between the external plates and the rotating mirrors (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>), the radius of the rotating mirrors (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>), the temperature (<span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>), and the areas of the external plates. The findings reveal that the presence of the Casimir force significantly enhances the entanglement between the rotational modes. This research introduces a novel technique for modulating the entanglement of rotational modes through the influence of the Casimir force, presenting new possibilities for advancements in quantum information science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 172-182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the effects of the æther field and the electric charge on the observed shadow of two types of charged black holes in the Einstein-Maxwell-Æther theory. By considering the Einstein-Maxwell-Æther black holes surrounded by the static/infalling spherical, and optically and geometrically thin disk accretion flows, we study the shadow luminosities and the observed specific intensity of the image. We find that in the thin disk accretion model, the location and the emitted model of the accretion gas affect the optical appearance of charged Einstein-Æther black holes, while for the spherical accretion flows this is not observed. For a thin disk profile, we show that the observer will receive more intensity for an emitted model with Gaussian function when the innermost radiation radius lies in the innermost stable circular orbit. Comparing the results of the charged Einstein-Æther black holes with the neutral Einstein-Æther black holes, we show that the charged Einstein-Æther black holes have smaller dark area, but wider lensed ring and photon ring. We show that the Reissner–Nordstrom black hole has a larger dark area and narrower lensed ring and photon ring compared with the charged Einstein-Æther black holes.
{"title":"On optical appearance of Einstein-Maxwell-Æther black holes surrounded by various accretions","authors":"Mitra Darvishi , Malihe Heydari-Fard , Morteza Mohseni","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the effects of the æther field and the electric charge on the observed shadow of two types of charged black holes in the Einstein-Maxwell-Æther theory. By considering the Einstein-Maxwell-Æther black holes surrounded by the static/infalling spherical, and optically and geometrically thin disk accretion flows, we study the shadow luminosities and the observed specific intensity of the image. We find that in the thin disk accretion model, the location and the emitted model of the accretion gas affect the optical appearance of charged Einstein-Æther black holes, while for the spherical accretion flows this is not observed. For a thin disk profile, we show that the observer will receive more intensity for an emitted model with Gaussian function when the innermost radiation radius lies in the innermost stable circular orbit. Comparing the results of the charged Einstein-Æther black holes with the neutral Einstein-Æther black holes, we show that the charged Einstein-Æther black holes have smaller dark area, but wider lensed ring and photon ring. We show that the Reissner–Nordstrom black hole has a larger dark area and narrower lensed ring and photon ring compared with the charged Einstein-Æther black holes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 632-648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the relativistic self-focusing of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser beams in density-rippled cold quantum plasma. The Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam with mode LG is chosen to analyze its impact on this phenomenon. The influence of density ripples within the cold quantum plasma is included to explore their effect on the laser beam’s propagation. Analysis of the influence of plasma density, density ripples, and beam intensity on the propagation of the laser beam has been conducted by plotting suitable graphs. It is found that by increasing the laser beam intensity, the plasma density and amplitude of the density ripples, the laser beam focusses faster accompanied by more oscillations. Our results demonstrate that both the Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam and the presence of density ripples in cold quantum plasma significantly contribute to the relativistic self-focusing effect.
{"title":"Relativistic self-focusing of Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam in density-rippled cold quantum plasma","authors":"Anchit Sinha , Somaye Zare , Niti Kant , Oriza Kamboj","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates the relativistic self-focusing of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser beams in density-rippled cold quantum plasma. The Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam with mode LG<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span> is chosen to analyze its impact on this phenomenon. The influence of density ripples within the cold quantum plasma is included to explore their effect on the laser beam’s propagation. Analysis of the influence of plasma density, density ripples, and beam intensity on the propagation of the laser beam has been conducted by plotting suitable graphs. It is found that by increasing the laser beam intensity, the plasma density and amplitude of the density ripples, the laser beam focusses faster accompanied by more oscillations. Our results demonstrate that both the Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam and the presence of density ripples in cold quantum plasma significantly contribute to the relativistic self-focusing effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 310-317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.027
Mohamed M. Mandour , Zijia Chu , Anatoly A. Kudryavtsev , Jingfeng Yao , Chengxun Yuan
This study investigates the influence of plasma-chemical processes on the parameters of an atmospheric pressure (AP) Helium microdischarge. Using a one-dimensional fluid model with both Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function (EEDF), we analyze the spatial profile of plasma parameters in a microdischarge with a gap. There are significant differences in the recorded rate coefficients for dissociative recombination (DR) and three-body recombination (TR), which are essential for determining the densities of excited atoms and molecules in the high-pressure plasma, where the balance of charged particles is determined by volume recombination. A careful examination of the relevant literature reveals these contradictions. In order to adequately represent the main channels of creation and destruction of excited and charged particles, it is necessary to take into account the atomic states of Helium up to the quantum level . The full set of plasma-chemical reactions includes elastic electron collisions, excitation and de-excitation by electrons and atoms, direct and stepwise ionization, associative ionization, molecular excimer creation and destruction, ion conversion, recombination, and radiation. The results reveal that the selected rate coefficients and EEDF form significantly influence the simulation outcomes. This highlights the need to develop improved theoretical models to enhance the control and use of plasma technologies.
{"title":"Influence of plasma-chemical processes on the parameters of an atmospheric pressure Helium microdischarge","authors":"Mohamed M. Mandour , Zijia Chu , Anatoly A. Kudryavtsev , Jingfeng Yao , Chengxun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of plasma-chemical processes on the parameters of an atmospheric pressure (AP) Helium microdischarge. Using a one-dimensional fluid model with both Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function (EEDF), we analyze the spatial profile of plasma parameters in a microdischarge with a <span><math><mrow><mn>0.2</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> gap. There are significant differences in the recorded rate coefficients for dissociative recombination (DR) and three-body recombination (TR), which are essential for determining the densities of excited atoms and molecules in the high-pressure plasma, where the balance of charged particles is determined by volume recombination. A careful examination of the relevant literature reveals these contradictions. In order to adequately represent the main channels of creation and destruction of excited and charged particles, it is necessary to take into account the atomic states of Helium up to the quantum level <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>. The full set of plasma-chemical reactions includes elastic electron collisions, excitation and de-excitation by electrons and atoms, direct and stepwise ionization, associative ionization, molecular excimer creation and destruction, ion conversion, recombination, and radiation. The results reveal that the selected rate coefficients and EEDF form significantly influence the simulation outcomes. This highlights the need to develop improved theoretical models to enhance the control and use of plasma technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 103-126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.012
Lingshuang Zhang, Zhijun Li
With the wide application of multi-scroll chaotic systems, a growing emphasis on the development of such systems has been spurred in recent years. Here, a spatial hyperchaotic multi-scroll hidden system is established by introducing three multi-stable memristors into a simple chaotic system. Despite the absence of an equilibrium point in the proposed system, the introduction of three multi-stable memristors expands an original single-scroll attractor into a three-dimensional space, resulting in the emergence of a spatial multi-scroll hidden attractor (SMSHA). The formation mechanism of SMSHA is comprehensively discussed, revealing that each scroll in SMSHA originates from the virtual equilibrium points generated by the stable equilibrium points of the incorporated memristors. Furthermore, the number of scrolls is intricately linked to that of stable equilibrium points of the memristors. More significantly, numerical analyses using various nonlinear analysis tools reveal that the proposed system has complex dynamics, including homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-stability, and partial amplitude control. Finally, the hardware system based on microcontroller is implemented to validate the numerical findings.
{"title":"Dynamical analysis and hardware verification of a spatial multi-scroll chaotic system without equilibria","authors":"Lingshuang Zhang, Zhijun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the wide application of multi-scroll chaotic systems, a growing emphasis on the development of such systems has been spurred in recent years. Here, a spatial hyperchaotic multi-scroll hidden system is established by introducing three multi-stable memristors into a simple chaotic system. Despite the absence of an equilibrium point in the proposed system, the introduction of three multi-stable memristors expands an original single-scroll attractor into a three-dimensional space, resulting in the emergence of a spatial multi-scroll hidden attractor (SMSHA). The formation mechanism of SMSHA is comprehensively discussed, revealing that each scroll in SMSHA originates from the virtual equilibrium points generated by the stable equilibrium points of the incorporated memristors. Furthermore, the number of scrolls is intricately linked to that of stable equilibrium points of the memristors. More significantly, numerical analyses using various nonlinear analysis tools reveal that the proposed system has complex dynamics, including homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-stability, and partial amplitude control. Finally, the hardware system based on microcontroller is implemented to validate the numerical findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 368-380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.004
Junhyun Kim , Hyunsoo Kim , Jaewon Kim , Hongseok Oh
We present the fabrication of IGZO tunnel-contact source-gated transistors (SGTs) and a detailed investigation of their ultraviolet (UV) sensing characteristics. In the present study, we use indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), a material commonly used in oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs), to fabricate SGTs. We then demonstrate their applicability as UV sensors. As a novel class of TFTs, SGTs exhibit a substantially lower saturation voltage and lower power consumption than conventional ohmic-contact TFTs, which is achieved through the intentional introduction of tunneling layers to create an energy barrier. In addition, these SGTs demonstrate higher responsivity and detectivity than similarly scaled TFTs lacking energy barriers. The enhanced responsivity and detectivity highlight their applicability as high performing UV sensor. To explore this potential, we evaluated the efficacy of sunscreen cream in blocking UV light by analyzing the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the SGT devices underneath the sunscreen; the proposed devices should be useful in the healthcare and cosmetics industries.
{"title":"UV response of IGZO tunnel-contact SGTs for low-power and high-sensitivity UV sensor applications","authors":"Junhyun Kim , Hyunsoo Kim , Jaewon Kim , Hongseok Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the fabrication of IGZO tunnel-contact source-gated transistors (SGTs) and a detailed investigation of their ultraviolet (UV) sensing characteristics. In the present study, we use indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), a material commonly used in oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs), to fabricate SGTs. We then demonstrate their applicability as UV sensors. As a novel class of TFTs, SGTs exhibit a substantially lower saturation voltage and lower power consumption than conventional ohmic-contact TFTs, which is achieved through the intentional introduction of tunneling layers to create an energy barrier. In addition, these SGTs demonstrate higher responsivity and detectivity than similarly scaled TFTs lacking energy barriers. The enhanced responsivity and detectivity highlight their applicability as high performing UV sensor. To explore this potential, we evaluated the efficacy of sunscreen cream in blocking UV light by analyzing the current–voltage (<em>I</em>–<em>V</em>) characteristics of the SGT devices underneath the sunscreen; the proposed devices should be useful in the healthcare and cosmetics industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 340-347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.025
Sanatan Das , Poly Karmakar , Sayan Das , Saeed Dinarvand
Oscillating electromagnetic forces generated from a vibrated Riga plate have broad implications across various scientific and engineering domains. Artificial intelligence (AI) is applied to optimize precision and energy efficiency in pasteurization and sterilization by regulating the thermal and dynamic behavior of nanoparticle-infused milk under electromagnetic heating. The technique ensures accurate temperature control, minimizes the risk of overheating, and preserves the milk's nutritional and sensory qualities. It focuses on predicting the thermal and dynamic behaviors of milk infused with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles in an electromagnetically vibrated channel experiencing thermal oscillations and rapid pressure changes. The research integrates complex physical phenomena such as radiant heat emission and Darcy drag forces, employing Darcy's model to delve into drag within porous media. Detailed mathematical and physical descriptions of milk flow dynamics are established, with solutions efficiently derived using the Laplace Transform (LT) method. The results, encompassing shear stress (SS) and rate of heat transfer (RHT) analyses, are detailed in tables and graphs. Findings indicate enhanced milk momentum with higher modified Hartmann number and reduced momentum with wider electrode spacing. Elevated oscillation frequencies of the left channel wall stabilize milk flow in both hybrid nano-milk (HNM) and nano-milk (NM). Larger Casson parameter improves SS, while higher radiation parameter reduces RHT. An AI-driven artificial neural network (ANN) is employed for precise estimations, achieving 98.022% accuracy in SS testing, 98.99% in cross-validation, and a flawless 100% accuracy for RHT. The research findings can be implemented to precisely control the mixing of milk and its physical features at a molecular level, enabling more even heat distribution and faster, more efficient pasteurization or homogenization processes.
{"title":"AI-led study of dynamic changes in milk containing hybrid nanoparticles in an electromagnetically vibrated channel subjected to thermal oscillations and rapid pressure changes: Implications for dairy industry","authors":"Sanatan Das , Poly Karmakar , Sayan Das , Saeed Dinarvand","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oscillating electromagnetic forces generated from a vibrated Riga plate have broad implications across various scientific and engineering domains. Artificial intelligence (AI) is applied to optimize precision and energy efficiency in pasteurization and sterilization by regulating the thermal and dynamic behavior of nanoparticle-infused milk under electromagnetic heating. The technique ensures accurate temperature control, minimizes the risk of overheating, and preserves the milk's nutritional and sensory qualities. It focuses on predicting the thermal and dynamic behaviors of milk infused with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles in an electromagnetically vibrated channel experiencing thermal oscillations and rapid pressure changes. The research integrates complex physical phenomena such as radiant heat emission and Darcy drag forces, employing Darcy's model to delve into drag within porous media. Detailed mathematical and physical descriptions of milk flow dynamics are established, with solutions efficiently derived using the Laplace Transform (LT) method. The results, encompassing shear stress (SS) and rate of heat transfer (RHT) analyses, are detailed in tables and graphs. Findings indicate enhanced milk momentum with higher modified Hartmann number and reduced momentum with wider electrode spacing. Elevated oscillation frequencies of the left channel wall stabilize milk flow in both hybrid nano-milk (HNM) and nano-milk (NM). Larger Casson parameter improves SS, while higher radiation parameter reduces RHT. An AI-driven artificial neural network (ANN) is employed for precise estimations, achieving 98.022% accuracy in SS testing, 98.99% in cross-validation, and a flawless 100% accuracy for RHT. The research findings can be implemented to precisely control the mixing of milk and its physical features at a molecular level, enabling more even heat distribution and faster, more efficient pasteurization or homogenization processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 271-309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.023
Zeeshan Asghar , Rehman Ali Shah , Muhammad Waris Saeed Khan , Muhammad Asif Gondal
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that come in various shapes and sizes, often classified based on characteristics like shape, DNA, and movement mechanisms. Among them, gliding bacteria have a unique way of moving: they slide along surfaces without external structures like flagella or cilia. Instead, they create wave-like motions along their surface to glide across slimy areas. How fast can bacteria move, and does their speed change on different surfaces? Do they glide faster on smooth surfaces or slow down on rough or sticky ones? And when they move through thicker, more complex fluids, how do they adapt, and does this impact their speed? Researchers have investigated these questions by studying how surface properties and fluid dynamics affect bacterial movement. This study also aims to analyze the locomotion of gliding bacteria over a layer of Williamson fluid with a rigid substrate using the dynamics of an undulating sheet. The methodology involves converting the fundamental partial differential equations into a fourth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation through the Stokes flow approximation and solving it by the regular perturbation technique. The impacts of different physical parameters on gliding speed, flow rate, energy loss, and slime velocity are visually illustrated and discussed. The results show that the glider's speed decreases with a lower viscosity ratio, while higher Weissenberg numbers and occlusion ratios improve the glider's motility. Additionally, the flow rate of the Williamson fluid decreases as the viscosity increases, and power loss experienced by the glider rises with an increase in viscosity. These findings highlight how fluid properties influence bacterial movement and energy efficiency, providing insights for developing microfluidic devices and studying microbial motility.
{"title":"Exploring the bio-mechanisms of rod-shaped bacteria moving on rigid substrate coated with non-Newtonian Williamson slime","authors":"Zeeshan Asghar , Rehman Ali Shah , Muhammad Waris Saeed Khan , Muhammad Asif Gondal","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria are single-celled organisms that come in various shapes and sizes, often classified based on characteristics like shape, DNA, and movement mechanisms. Among them, gliding bacteria have a unique way of moving: they slide along surfaces without external structures like flagella or cilia. Instead, they create wave-like motions along their surface to glide across slimy areas. How fast can bacteria move, and does their speed change on different surfaces? Do they glide faster on smooth surfaces or slow down on rough or sticky ones? And when they move through thicker, more complex fluids, how do they adapt, and does this impact their speed? Researchers have investigated these questions by studying how surface properties and fluid dynamics affect bacterial movement. This study also aims to analyze the locomotion of gliding bacteria over a layer of Williamson fluid with a rigid substrate using the dynamics of an undulating sheet. The methodology involves converting the fundamental partial differential equations into a fourth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation through the Stokes flow approximation and solving it by the regular perturbation technique. The impacts of different physical parameters on gliding speed, flow rate, energy loss, and slime velocity are visually illustrated and discussed. The results show that the glider's speed decreases with a lower viscosity ratio, while higher Weissenberg numbers and occlusion ratios improve the glider's motility. Additionally, the flow rate of the Williamson fluid decreases as the viscosity increases, and power loss experienced by the glider rises with an increase in viscosity. These findings highlight how fluid properties influence bacterial movement and energy efficiency, providing insights for developing microfluidic devices and studying microbial motility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 18-33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.005
A. El Abbassi, M. Salama, N. Hachem, E.B. Choubabi, M. El Bouziani
The effects of exchange interactions and crystal fields on the critical and magnetic behaviors of a mixed-spin cylindrical ferrimagnetic nanotube with spin- core and spin-3 shell were studied using the mean-field approximation based on the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. Typical magnetization curves and phase diagrams were established to explore various critical behaviors, including second and first-order phase transitions, compensation temperatures, and critical end-points. These characteristics and others are crucial for industrial applications of these systems.
{"title":"Magnetic behavior of a cylindrical ferrimagnetic nanotube with spin-3/2 core and spin-3 shell","authors":"A. El Abbassi, M. Salama, N. Hachem, E.B. Choubabi, M. El Bouziani","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of exchange interactions and crystal fields on the critical and magnetic behaviors of a mixed-spin cylindrical ferrimagnetic nanotube with spin-<span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> core and spin-3 shell were studied using the mean-field approximation based on the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. Typical magnetization curves and phase diagrams were established to explore various critical behaviors, including second and first-order phase transitions, compensation temperatures, and critical end-points. These characteristics and others are crucial for industrial applications of these systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2024.01.022
Fangxia Zhao , Huayan Shang , Tongfei Li
In this paper, we use the evolution dynamics of the replicator-mutator equation to understand people's travel mode choices considering the traveler's bounded rationality. We define the notation of choice utility and introduce a novel choice model for the evolutionary dynamics of travel mode choice behavior. The choice utility can be calculated from the generalized travel cost, including direct and indirect economic costs (i.e., time and comfort costs, etc.). Taking Beijing traffic data as an example, this paper studies the evolution process of travelers' behavior and analyzes the impact of mutation parameters, travel distance, direct cost and comfort cost on travel mode selection behavior, the simulation results show some strategies to adjust the travel mode selection probability. This study can provide a theoretical reference for adjusting the urban travel distribution structure and optimizing the travel network.
{"title":"Evolutionary dynamics of the travel mode choice behavior based on the replicator-mutator model","authors":"Fangxia Zhao , Huayan Shang , Tongfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.01.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2024.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we use the evolution dynamics of the replicator-mutator equation to understand people's travel mode choices considering the traveler's bounded rationality. We define the notation of choice utility and introduce a novel choice model for the evolutionary dynamics of travel mode choice behavior. The choice utility can be calculated from the generalized travel cost, including direct and indirect economic costs (i.e., time and comfort costs, etc.). Taking Beijing traffic data as an example, this paper studies the evolution process of travelers' behavior and analyzes the impact of mutation parameters, travel distance, direct cost and comfort cost on travel mode selection behavior, the simulation results show some strategies to adjust the travel mode selection probability. This study can provide a theoretical reference for adjusting the urban travel distribution structure and optimizing the travel network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 221-232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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