Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.002
Wei-Min Shi , Ling-shuo Sun , Yi-Hua Zhou , Yu-Guang Yang
We propose a scheme for teleporting an arbitrary single-qubit unitary operation U without relying on quantum state teleportation. The proposed scheme decomposes an arbitrary single-qubit operation U into a combination of quantum rotation gates and uses a four-qubit entangled resource and three classical communication channels. The operation is remotely implemented through local operations and measurements. Since the target state is never reconstructed at the sender’s side, the scheme ensures information security while reducing quantum resource consumption compared with existing approaches.
{"title":"Arbitrary single-qubit operation teleportation without quantum teleportation","authors":"Wei-Min Shi , Ling-shuo Sun , Yi-Hua Zhou , Yu-Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a scheme for teleporting an arbitrary single-qubit unitary operation <em>U</em> without relying on quantum state teleportation. The proposed scheme decomposes an arbitrary single-qubit operation <em>U</em> into a combination of quantum rotation gates and uses a four-qubit entangled resource and three classical communication channels. The operation is remotely implemented through local operations and measurements. Since the target state is never reconstructed at the sender’s side, the scheme ensures information security while reducing quantum resource consumption compared with existing approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 1034-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.022
Qi-Cheng Wu , Yan-Hui Zhou , Tong Liu , Yi-Hao Kang , Qi-Ping Su , Chui-Ping Yang
Enhancing the sensitivity of quantum sensing near exceptional points represents a significant phenomenon in non-Hermitian (NH) systems. However, the application of this property in time-modulated NH systems remains largely unexplored. In this work, we propose two theoretical schemes to achieve enhanced quantum sensing in time-modulated NH systems by leveraging the coalescence of eigenvalues and eigenstates. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the full energy spectrum, including both real and imaginary components, the population distribution of eigenstates, and various characteristics associated with optimal conditions for sensitivity enhancement. Numerical simulations confirm that eigenvalue-based quantum sensors exhibit a 9.21-fold improvement over conventional Hermitian sensors, aligning with the performance of existing time-independent NH sensors. In contrast, for eigenstate-based quantum sensors, the enhancement reaches up to 50 times that of conventional Hermitian sensors, surpassing the performance of existing time-independent NH sensors. Moreover, the eigenstate-based sensor exhibits divergent susceptibility even when the system’s parameters are not close to an exceptional point. Our findings pave the way for advanced sensing in time-sensitive contexts, complementing existing efforts to harness the unique properties of open systems.
{"title":"Enhanced quantum sensing in time-modulated non-Hermitian systems","authors":"Qi-Cheng Wu , Yan-Hui Zhou , Tong Liu , Yi-Hao Kang , Qi-Ping Su , Chui-Ping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the sensitivity of quantum sensing near exceptional points represents a significant phenomenon in non-Hermitian (NH) systems. However, the application of this property in time-modulated NH systems remains largely unexplored. In this work, we propose two theoretical schemes to achieve enhanced quantum sensing in time-modulated NH systems by leveraging the coalescence of eigenvalues and eigenstates. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the full energy spectrum, including both real and imaginary components, the population distribution of eigenstates, and various characteristics associated with optimal conditions for sensitivity enhancement. Numerical simulations confirm that eigenvalue-based quantum sensors exhibit a 9.21-fold improvement over conventional Hermitian sensors, aligning with the performance of existing time-independent NH sensors. In contrast, for eigenstate-based quantum sensors, the enhancement reaches up to 50 times that of conventional Hermitian sensors, surpassing the performance of existing time-independent NH sensors. Moreover, the eigenstate-based sensor exhibits divergent susceptibility even when the system’s parameters are not close to an exceptional point. Our findings pave the way for advanced sensing in time-sensitive contexts, complementing existing efforts to harness the unique properties of open systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 1116-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.09.011
Shu Chen , Qingji Zeng , Jing Wang , Haisheng Wu , Zhibin Wu , Junmin Liu , Huapeng Ye , Dianyuan Fan , Shuqing Chen
Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes have emerged as a critical photonic degree of freedom for enhancing channel capacity density in multiplexing communications, harnessing their inherent mode orthogonality and compatibility with conventional wavelength and polarization dimensions. Despite existing reports on OAM mode (de)multiplexing, a multi-dimensional hybrid (de)multiplexer enabling full manipulation of OAM modes, wavelengths, and polarizations remains elusive, leading to poor scalability and serious system redundancy in pervious discrete component-based configurations. To bridge this gap, a spin-decoupled multi-layer phase modulation method for multi-dimensional OAM mode manipulation is introduced, which implements multi-plane light conversion on a five-layer diffractive metasurface platform. By integrating the wavelength-dependent Fresnel diffraction functions with cascaded phase-engineered modulations, this approach facilitates deterministic OAM mode conversions across multiple spectral channels, along with channel transitions between longitudinal-transverse spatial domains. When combined with a spin-decoupled phase modulation mechanism, it allows for parallel processing of a pair of orthogonal circular polarization channels, thereby unlocking full-dimensional (de)multiplexing. For validation, we demonstrated 12-channel multi-dimensional OAM mode (de)multiplexing, involving two OAM modes, three wavelengths, and two polarizations. The multiplexed channels achieved OAM mode purities exceeding 85%, with demultiplexed channels maintaining average crosstalk levels under -17.27 dB. Thereafter, lager-scale quadrature phase shift keying signals were multiplexed for transmission, attaining a bit error rate close to 10-5. Our accomplishments offer a scalable and compact solution for fully manipulating OAM modes, wavelengths, and polarizations, advancing the development of multi-dimensional OAM-enabled optical communications.
{"title":"Five-layer diffractive metasurfaces enable full (de)multiplexing of orbital angular momentum modes, wavelengths, and polarizations","authors":"Shu Chen , Qingji Zeng , Jing Wang , Haisheng Wu , Zhibin Wu , Junmin Liu , Huapeng Ye , Dianyuan Fan , Shuqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes have emerged as a critical photonic degree of freedom for enhancing channel capacity density in multiplexing communications, harnessing their inherent mode orthogonality and compatibility with conventional wavelength and polarization dimensions. Despite existing reports on OAM mode (de)multiplexing, a multi-dimensional hybrid (de)multiplexer enabling full manipulation of OAM modes, wavelengths, and polarizations remains elusive, leading to poor scalability and serious system redundancy in pervious discrete component-based configurations. To bridge this gap, a spin-decoupled multi-layer phase modulation method for multi-dimensional OAM mode manipulation is introduced, which implements multi-plane light conversion on a five-layer diffractive metasurface platform. By integrating the wavelength-dependent Fresnel diffraction functions with cascaded phase-engineered modulations, this approach facilitates deterministic OAM mode conversions across multiple spectral channels, along with channel transitions between longitudinal-transverse spatial domains. When combined with a spin-decoupled phase modulation mechanism, it allows for parallel processing of a pair of orthogonal circular polarization channels, thereby unlocking full-dimensional (de)multiplexing. For validation, we demonstrated 12-channel multi-dimensional OAM mode (de)multiplexing, involving two OAM modes, three wavelengths, and two polarizations. The multiplexed channels achieved OAM mode purities exceeding 85%, with demultiplexed channels maintaining average crosstalk levels under -17.27 dB. Thereafter, lager-scale quadrature phase shift keying signals were multiplexed for transmission, attaining a bit error rate close to 10<sup>-5</sup>. Our accomplishments offer a scalable and compact solution for fully manipulating OAM modes, wavelengths, and polarizations, advancing the development of multi-dimensional OAM-enabled optical communications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 1130-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.006
Abdullah Guvendi , Omar Mustafa , Nosratollah Jafari
We derive a relativistic wave equation for spin-1 vector bosons within the framework of Amelino-Camelia’s doubly special relativity (DSR). By implementing non-minimal substitutions, we obtain a DSR-modified two-dimensional vector boson oscillator equation, formulated in terms of a symmetric rank-two spinor. This leads to a coupled system of first-order equations, including one algebraic equation, that governs the dynamics of the modified spin-1 vector boson oscillators. From this system, we extract an exactly solvable wave equation that incorporates first-order DSR corrections. The solutions are expressed in terms of special functions, and we present a closed-form expression for the energy spectrum, which explicitly incorporates the effects of DSR. Remarkably, our results reveal mass splittings induced by DSR between spin-1 oscillator and anti-oscillator modes. Furthermore, we show that these modes manifest exclusively as rotating, ring-shaped structures. The analysis is general and applies to both the low-energy regime and the non-relativistic limit.
{"title":"The vector boson oscillator in doubly special relativity","authors":"Abdullah Guvendi , Omar Mustafa , Nosratollah Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We derive a relativistic wave equation for spin-1 vector bosons within the framework of Amelino-Camelia’s doubly special relativity (DSR). By implementing non-minimal substitutions, we obtain a DSR-modified two-dimensional vector boson oscillator equation, formulated in terms of a symmetric rank-two spinor. This leads to a coupled system of first-order equations, including one algebraic equation, that governs the dynamics of the modified spin-1 vector boson oscillators. From this system, we extract an exactly solvable wave equation that incorporates first-order DSR corrections. The solutions are expressed in terms of special functions, and we present a closed-form expression for the energy spectrum, which explicitly incorporates the effects of DSR. Remarkably, our results reveal mass splittings induced by DSR between spin-1 oscillator and anti-oscillator modes. Furthermore, we show that these modes manifest exclusively as rotating, ring-shaped structures. The analysis is general and applies to both the low-energy regime and the non-relativistic limit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 1046-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.10.027
Z. Fadil , A. Jabar , M. Naziruddin Khan , S. Benyoussef , L. Bahmad , Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane , Seong-Cheol Kim , Tan N. Nguyen
Using rigorous ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this work systematically investigates the structural, electronic, optical, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of Cd4Te5Pb. The results confirm the stability of its crystal structure, reveal pronounced mechanical anisotropy, and indicate ductile behavior. This compound features a wide indirect band gap, which, combined with its favorable optical properties, makes it a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, the thermoelectric analysis demonstrates predominantly p-type conduction and promising high-temperature energy conversion performance. Finally, the thermodynamic evaluation confirms the material’s robustness and stability at elevated temperatures.
{"title":"Integrated first-principles study of Cd4Te5Pb: structural, optical, electronic, elastic, thermoelectric and thermodynamic properties","authors":"Z. Fadil , A. Jabar , M. Naziruddin Khan , S. Benyoussef , L. Bahmad , Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane , Seong-Cheol Kim , Tan N. Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.10.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.10.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using rigorous <em>ab initio</em> density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this work systematically investigates the structural, electronic, optical, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of <em>Cd</em><sub>4</sub><em>Te</em><sub>5</sub><em>Pb</em>. The results confirm the stability of its crystal structure, reveal pronounced mechanical anisotropy, and indicate ductile behavior. This compound features a wide indirect band gap, which, combined with its favorable optical properties, makes it a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, the thermoelectric analysis demonstrates predominantly p-type conduction and promising high-temperature energy conversion performance. Finally, the thermodynamic evaluation confirms the material’s robustness and stability at elevated temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 1193-1203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.010
S. Elgammal
In this study, we investigate the potential production of a heavy torsion field (TS) at the LHC, which stems from a simplified model rooted in Einstein-Cartan gravity, in connection with dark matter. Within this framework, the torsion field is capable of decaying into pairs of dark matter (DM) particles. Notably, one of these DM particles is heavy enough to decay into dark neutral gauge bosons (A′) alongside another DM particle. The Analysis has been performed by studying events with dimuon plus missing transverse energy produced in the simulated proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, at 13.6 TeV center of mass energy and integrated luminosity of 52 fb corresponding to the LHC run 3 circumstances during 2022 and 2023. We provide upper limits, in case no new physics has been discovered, on the masses of various particles in the model as (A′), as well as the heavy mediator (torsion field).
{"title":"Search for the production of dark gauge bosons in the framework of Einstein-Cartan portal in the simulation of proton-proton collisions at $sqrt {s} = 13.6$ TeV","authors":"S. Elgammal","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigate the potential production of a heavy torsion field (TS) at the LHC, which stems from a simplified model rooted in Einstein-Cartan gravity, in connection with dark matter. Within this framework, the torsion field is capable of decaying into pairs of dark matter (DM) particles. Notably, one of these DM particles is heavy enough to decay into dark neutral gauge bosons (A′) alongside another DM particle. The Analysis has been performed by studying events with dimuon plus missing transverse energy produced in the simulated proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, at 13.6 TeV center of mass energy and integrated luminosity of 52 fb<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> corresponding to the LHC run 3 circumstances during 2022 and 2023. We provide upper limits, in case no new physics has been discovered, on the masses of various particles in the model as (A′), as well as the heavy mediator (torsion field).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 1013-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.037
Y. Sekhmani , A. Baruah , A. Al-Badawi , S.K. Maurya , M.K. Jasim , M. Altanji , S.N. Gashti
This study explores the impact of the spin (κs), dilaton (κd), and shear (κsh) charges on the massless scalar quasinormal modes (QNMs), greybody factors, shadow behavior, and deflection angle of a four-dimensional dyonically charged black hole (BH) in metric-affine gravity (MAG) with torsion and nonmetricity (NMT). To assess the stability against perturbations, we analyze scalar QNMs of the BH in the frequency domain using the highly accurate 13th order Padé-averaged WKB method. Using appropriate parameter spaces, we study the influence of the spin, dilaton, and shear charges on the QNMs. The obtained frequency data indicate the stability of the BH against scalar perturbation. The frequencies generally decrease with increasing dilaton and shear charges; however, the damping rates exhibit nuanced behavior. The spin charge has the opposite effect on the QNMs in that the frequencies and damping rates increase with the spin charge consistently across the studied overtone range. Physically, it is interpreted that the additional charges effectively influence the stiffness of the spacetime and the propagation of gravitational waves. The QNMs estimated using the Padé-averaged WKB method exhibit good accuracy, and outliers in specific parameter ranges are highlighted. Next, we investigate the behavior of the deflection of light rays by dyonically charged BHs in MAG using the Gauss-Bonnet formalism. Using weak-field approximations and relevant constraints associated with the cosmological constant, we compute and analyze the optical quantities by altering the spin, dilaton, and shear charge parameters. Constraints on the spin (κs), dilaton (κd), and shear (κsh) charges, derived from Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87* and Sgr A*, highlight the fact that this BH model is a promising candidate for simulating astrophysical BHs.
{"title":"Quasinormal spectra, greybody factors, optical shadows, and light deflection by dyonically charged black holes in metric-affine gravity with torsion and nonmetricity","authors":"Y. Sekhmani , A. Baruah , A. Al-Badawi , S.K. Maurya , M.K. Jasim , M. Altanji , S.N. Gashti","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the impact of the spin (<em>κ<sub>s</sub></em>), dilaton (<em>κ<sub>d</sub></em>), and shear (<em>κ<sub>sh</sub></em>) charges on the massless scalar quasinormal modes (QNMs), greybody factors, shadow behavior, and deflection angle of a four-dimensional dyonically charged black hole (BH) in metric-affine gravity (MAG) with torsion and nonmetricity (NMT). To assess the stability against perturbations, we analyze scalar QNMs of the BH in the frequency domain using the highly accurate 13<sup>th</sup> order Padé-averaged WKB method. Using appropriate parameter spaces, we study the influence of the spin, dilaton, and shear charges on the QNMs. The obtained frequency data indicate the stability of the BH against scalar perturbation. The frequencies generally decrease with increasing dilaton and shear charges; however, the damping rates exhibit nuanced behavior. The spin charge has the opposite effect on the QNMs in that the frequencies and damping rates increase with the spin charge consistently across the studied overtone range. Physically, it is interpreted that the additional charges effectively influence the stiffness of the spacetime and the propagation of gravitational waves. The QNMs estimated using the Padé-averaged WKB method exhibit good accuracy, and outliers in specific parameter ranges are highlighted. Next, we investigate the behavior of the deflection of light rays by dyonically charged BHs in MAG using the Gauss-Bonnet formalism. Using weak-field approximations and relevant constraints associated with the cosmological constant, we compute and analyze the optical quantities by altering the spin, dilaton, and shear charge parameters. Constraints on the spin (<em>κ<sub>s</sub></em>), dilaton (<em>κ<sub>d</sub></em>), and shear (<em>κ<sub>sh</sub></em>) charges, derived from Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87* and Sgr A*, highlight the fact that this BH model is a promising candidate for simulating astrophysical BHs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"99 ","pages":"Pages 177-198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.033
I. Mallek-Zouari , A.E. Maayoufi , R. Bez , A. Kouki , N. Thabet-Mliki
Bi2Fe4O9 (BFO) was synthesized using a hydrothermal method to achieve controlled phase purity and morphology. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the formation of a single orthorhombic phase with the Pbam space group. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analyses revealed plate-like particles with dimensions ranging from 140 to 170 nm along their edge. The dielectric properties were evaluated by analyzing the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, loss tangent, and electrical conductivity. The results indicated that the optimization of synthesis parameters significantly enhanced the dielectric response of Bi2Fe4O9, resulting in improved high-frequency performance. The correlation between microstructural characteristics and dielectric properties is discussed, with an emphasis on the roles of grain boundaries, phase purity, and conductivity in determining dielectric behavior. The UV-Vis absorption spectra recorded at room temperature revealed substantial absorption within the ultraviolet range (200–400 nm). Tauc plot analysis yielded an estimated band gap value of approximately 1.97 eV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, performed using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA+U) with the Wien2k code, provided insights into the electronic band structure and density of states (DOS). The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental findings. This study highlights Bi2Fe4O9 as a promising material for advanced dielectric and environmental applications.
{"title":"Investigation of the Structural, Dielectric, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Hydrothermally Synthesized Bi2Fe4O9 Multiferroic Materials","authors":"I. Mallek-Zouari , A.E. Maayoufi , R. Bez , A. Kouki , N. Thabet-Mliki","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bi<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> (BFO) was synthesized using a hydrothermal method to achieve controlled phase purity and morphology. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the formation of a single orthorhombic phase with the <em>Pbam</em> space group. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analyses revealed plate-like particles with dimensions ranging from 140 to 170 nm along their edge. The dielectric properties were evaluated by analyzing the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, loss tangent, and electrical conductivity. The results indicated that the optimization of synthesis parameters significantly enhanced the dielectric response of Bi<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub>, resulting in improved high-frequency performance. The correlation between microstructural characteristics and dielectric properties is discussed, with an emphasis on the roles of grain boundaries, phase purity, and conductivity in determining dielectric behavior. The UV-Vis absorption spectra recorded at room temperature revealed substantial absorption within the ultraviolet range (200–400 nm). Tauc plot analysis yielded an estimated band gap value of approximately 1.97 eV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, performed using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA+U) with the Wien2k code, provided insights into the electronic band structure and density of states (DOS). The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental findings. This study highlights Bi<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> as a promising material for advanced dielectric and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"99 ","pages":"Pages 79-95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.035
Dong-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Heng Ni , Yu Zhang , Li Yu , Yi-Hao Kang , Qi-Ping Su , Chui-Ping Yang
Compared to a qubit, a qutrit (a three-level or three-state quantum system) possesses a larger Hilbert space to process and store quantum information. On the other hand, large-scale qutrit-based hybrid quantum computing usually requires performing hybrid multi-qutrit quantum gates with diverse qutrits, different in their nature or in their encoding format. In this work, we consider two types of qutrits, i.e., superconducting (SC) qutrits and cat-state qutrits. We propose to implement a hybrid controlled-SUM gate with one SC qutrit simultaneously controlling multiple-target cat-state qutrits. The gate is implemented in a circuit-QED system, which is composed of an SC ququart and multiple microwave cavities. The SC ququart here refers to a four-level quantum system, with the three lowest levels forming a qutrit and an auxiliary higher energy level utilized for the coherent state manipulation. The gate implementation does not require applying a classical pulse. Because the auxiliary higher energy level of the SC ququart is only virtually excited during the gate operation, decoherence from this level is greatly suppressed. The gate is deterministic, as it requires no measurement of the cavity or SC ququart states. Moreover, the gate operational time is independent of the number of qutrits, thus it does not increase with the number of qutrits. As an application of this gate, we further discuss the generation of a hybrid maximally entangled state of one SC qutrit and multiple cat-state qutrits. We also numerically analyze the experimental feasibility of creating the hybrid entangled state of one SC qutrit and two cat-state qutrits in a circuit QED system. This proposal may be extended to accomplish the same task in other physical systems, such as a four-level artificial atom (e.g., a quantum dot, an NV center, a magnon, etc.) coupled to multiple optical or microwave cavities.
{"title":"Implementation of a hybrid controlled-SUM gate with one superconducting qutrit simultaneously controlling multiple-target cat-state qutrits","authors":"Dong-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Heng Ni , Yu Zhang , Li Yu , Yi-Hao Kang , Qi-Ping Su , Chui-Ping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to a qubit, a qutrit (a three-level or three-state quantum system) possesses a larger Hilbert space to process and store quantum information. On the other hand, large-scale qutrit-based hybrid quantum computing usually requires performing hybrid multi-qutrit quantum gates with diverse qutrits, different in their nature or in their encoding format. In this work, we consider two types of qutrits, i.e., superconducting (SC) qutrits and cat-state qutrits. We propose to implement a hybrid controlled-SUM gate with one SC qutrit simultaneously controlling multiple-target cat-state qutrits. The gate is implemented in a circuit-QED system, which is composed of an SC ququart and multiple microwave cavities. The SC ququart here refers to a four-level quantum system, with the three lowest levels forming a qutrit and an auxiliary higher energy level utilized for the coherent state manipulation. The gate implementation does not require applying a classical pulse. Because the auxiliary higher energy level of the SC ququart is only virtually excited during the gate operation, decoherence from this level is greatly suppressed. The gate is deterministic, as it requires no measurement of the cavity or SC ququart states. Moreover, the gate operational time is independent of the number of qutrits, thus it does not increase with the number of qutrits. As an application of this gate, we further discuss the generation of a hybrid maximally entangled state of one SC qutrit and multiple cat-state qutrits. We also numerically analyze the experimental feasibility of creating the hybrid entangled state of one SC qutrit and two cat-state qutrits in a circuit QED system. This proposal may be extended to accomplish the same task in other physical systems, such as a four-level artificial atom (e.g., a quantum dot, an NV center, a magnon, etc.) coupled to multiple optical or microwave cavities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"99 ","pages":"Pages 266-282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.036
Shanjun Chen , Yifei Du , Ruijie Song , Yan Chen , Huafeng Zhang , Wei Dai , Weibin Zhang
Based on density functional theory, the structure, mechanical, optoelectronic, kinetic, thermodynamic and hydrogen storage properties of cubic A2CuH6 (A=Li, Na, K) double perovskites are studied. The lattice constants of Li2CuH6, Na2CuH6, and K2CuH6 are 6.32, 7.07, and 7.98 Å, respectively. The B/G values indicate that Li2CuH6 and K2CuH6 exhibit ductility, while Na2CuH6 exhibits brittleness. Electronic properties reveal that A2CuH6 (A=Li, Na, K) compounds have metallic nature. The optical properties of A2CuH6 show that Li2CuH6 and K2CuH6 crystals have high dielectric constants, which is beneficial for their applications as hydrogen storage. Importantly, A2CuH6 (A=Li, Na, K) materials were confirmed for their structural, dynamic, thermodynamic, and mechanical stability. Gravimetric hydrogen densities (GHD) of Li2CuH6, Na2CuH6, and K2CuH6 are 7.25, 5.23, and 4.09 wt%, respectively. The volumetric hydrogen storage capacities of Li2CuH6, Na2CuH6, and K2CuH6 are 159.06, 113.77, and 79.11 g·H2/L, respectively. Therefore, Li2CuH6 owns the highest gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities among these compounds. This study provides a new option for designing novel copper-based hydrogen storage materials.
{"title":"First-principles investigation on the physical and hydrogen storage properties of copper-based double perovskites A2CuH6 (A=Li, Na, K) for hydrogen storage applications","authors":"Shanjun Chen , Yifei Du , Ruijie Song , Yan Chen , Huafeng Zhang , Wei Dai , Weibin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on density functional theory, the structure, mechanical, optoelectronic, kinetic, thermodynamic and hydrogen storage properties of cubic A<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> (A=Li, Na, K) double perovskites are studied. The lattice constants of Li<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> are 6.32, 7.07, and 7.98 Å, respectively. The B/G values indicate that Li<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> exhibit ductility, while Na<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> exhibits brittleness. Electronic properties reveal that A<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> (A=Li, Na, K) compounds have metallic nature. The optical properties of A<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> show that Li<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> crystals have high dielectric constants, which is beneficial for their applications as hydrogen storage. Importantly, A<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> (A=Li, Na, K) materials were confirmed for their structural, dynamic, thermodynamic, and mechanical stability. Gravimetric hydrogen densities (GHD) of Li<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> are 7.25, 5.23, and 4.09 wt%, respectively. The volumetric hydrogen storage capacities of Li<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> are 159.06, 113.77, and 79.11 g·H<sub>2</sub>/L, respectively. Therefore, Li<sub>2</sub>CuH<sub>6</sub> owns the highest gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities among these compounds. This study provides a new option for designing novel copper-based hydrogen storage materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"99 ","pages":"Pages 37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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