Pub Date : 2024-12-10Epub Date: 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00168-23
Jaclyn A Cusumano, Andreas P Kalogeropoulos, Mathieu Le Provost, Nicolas R Gallo, Steven M Levine, Thomas Inzana, Aikaterini Papamanoli
SUMMARYInfective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection that has nearly doubled in prevalence over the last two decades due to the increase in implantable cardiac devices. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is currently one of the most common cardiac procedures. TAVI usage continues to exponentially rise, inevitability increasing TAVI-IE. Patients with TAVI are frequently nonsurgical candidates, and TAVI-IE 1-year mortality rates can be as high as 74% without valve or bacterial biofilm removal. Enterococcus faecalis, a historically less common IE pathogen, is the primary cause of TAVI-IE. Treatment options are limited due to enterococcal intrinsic resistance and biofilm formation. Novel approaches are warranted to tackle current therapeutic gaps. We describe the existing challenges in treating TAVI-IE and how available treatment discovery approaches can be combined with an in silico "Living Heart" model to create solutions for the future.
{"title":"The emerging challenge of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: time for innovative treatment approaches.","authors":"Jaclyn A Cusumano, Andreas P Kalogeropoulos, Mathieu Le Provost, Nicolas R Gallo, Steven M Levine, Thomas Inzana, Aikaterini Papamanoli","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00168-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00168-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYInfective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection that has nearly doubled in prevalence over the last two decades due to the increase in implantable cardiac devices. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is currently one of the most common cardiac procedures. TAVI usage continues to exponentially rise, inevitability increasing TAVI-IE. Patients with TAVI are frequently nonsurgical candidates, and TAVI-IE 1-year mortality rates can be as high as 74% without valve or bacterial biofilm removal. <i>Enterococcus faecalis,</i> a historically less common IE pathogen, is the primary cause of TAVI-IE. Treatment options are limited due to enterococcal intrinsic resistance and biofilm formation. Novel approaches are warranted to tackle current therapeutic gaps. We describe the existing challenges in treating TAVI-IE and how available treatment discovery approaches can be combined with an <i>in silico</i> \"Living Heart\" model to create solutions for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0016823"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10Epub Date: 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00087-24
Robert L Sautter, James Scott Parrott, Irving Nachamkin, Christen Diel, Ryan J Tom, April M Bobenchik, Judith Young Bradford, Peter Gilligan, Diane C Halstead, P Rocco LaSala, A Brian Mochon, Joel E Mortensen, Lindsay Boyce, Vickie Baselski
<p><p>SUMMARYBlood cultures (BCs) are one of the critical tests used to detect bloodstream infections. BC results are not 100% specific. Interpretation of BC results is often complicated by detecting microbial contamination rather than true infection. False positives due to blood culture contamination (BCC) vary from 1% to as high as >10% of all BC results. False-positive BC results may result in patients undergoing unnecessary antimicrobial treatments, increased healthcare costs, and delay in detecting the true cause of infection or other non-infectious illness. Previous guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, College of American Pathologists, and others, based on expert opinion and surveys, promoted a limit of ≤3% as acceptable for BCC rates. However, the data supporting such recommendations are controversial. A previous systematic review of BCC examined three practices for reducing BCC rates (venipuncture, phlebotomy teams, and pre-packaged kits). Subsequently, numerous studies on different practices including using diversion devices, disinfectants, and education/training to lower BCC have been published. The goal of the current guideline is to identify beneficial intervention strategies to reduce BCC rates, including devices, practices, and education/training by providers in collaboration with the laboratory. We performed a systematic review of the literature between 2017 and 2022 using numerous databases. Of the 11,319 unique records identified, 311 articles were sought for full-text review, of which 177 were reviewed; 126 of the full-text articles were excluded based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from a total of 49 articles included in the final analysis. An evidenced-based committee's expert panel reviewed all the references as mentioned in Data Collection and determined if the articles met the inclusion criteria. Data from extractions were captured within an extraction template in the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Systematic Review Data Repository (https://srdr.ahrq.gov/). BCC rates were captured as the number of events (contaminated samples) per arm (standard practice versus improvement practice). Modified versions of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools were used for risk of bias assessment (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools). We used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations to assess strength of evidence. There are several interventions that resulted in significant reduction in BCC rates: chlorhexidine as a disinfectant for skin preparation, using a diversion device prior to drawing BCs, using sterile technique practices, using a phlebotomy team to obtain BCs, and education/training programs. While there were no substantial differences between methods of decreasing BCC, our results indicate that the method of implementation can determine the success or
{"title":"American Society for Microbiology evidence-based laboratory medicine practice guidelines to reduce blood culture contamination rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Robert L Sautter, James Scott Parrott, Irving Nachamkin, Christen Diel, Ryan J Tom, April M Bobenchik, Judith Young Bradford, Peter Gilligan, Diane C Halstead, P Rocco LaSala, A Brian Mochon, Joel E Mortensen, Lindsay Boyce, Vickie Baselski","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00087-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00087-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYBlood cultures (BCs) are one of the critical tests used to detect bloodstream infections. BC results are not 100% specific. Interpretation of BC results is often complicated by detecting microbial contamination rather than true infection. False positives due to blood culture contamination (BCC) vary from 1% to as high as >10% of all BC results. False-positive BC results may result in patients undergoing unnecessary antimicrobial treatments, increased healthcare costs, and delay in detecting the true cause of infection or other non-infectious illness. Previous guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, College of American Pathologists, and others, based on expert opinion and surveys, promoted a limit of ≤3% as acceptable for BCC rates. However, the data supporting such recommendations are controversial. A previous systematic review of BCC examined three practices for reducing BCC rates (venipuncture, phlebotomy teams, and pre-packaged kits). Subsequently, numerous studies on different practices including using diversion devices, disinfectants, and education/training to lower BCC have been published. The goal of the current guideline is to identify beneficial intervention strategies to reduce BCC rates, including devices, practices, and education/training by providers in collaboration with the laboratory. We performed a systematic review of the literature between 2017 and 2022 using numerous databases. Of the 11,319 unique records identified, 311 articles were sought for full-text review, of which 177 were reviewed; 126 of the full-text articles were excluded based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from a total of 49 articles included in the final analysis. An evidenced-based committee's expert panel reviewed all the references as mentioned in Data Collection and determined if the articles met the inclusion criteria. Data from extractions were captured within an extraction template in the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Systematic Review Data Repository (https://srdr.ahrq.gov/). BCC rates were captured as the number of events (contaminated samples) per arm (standard practice versus improvement practice). Modified versions of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools were used for risk of bias assessment (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools). We used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations to assess strength of evidence. There are several interventions that resulted in significant reduction in BCC rates: chlorhexidine as a disinfectant for skin preparation, using a diversion device prior to drawing BCs, using sterile technique practices, using a phlebotomy team to obtain BCs, and education/training programs. While there were no substantial differences between methods of decreasing BCC, our results indicate that the method of implementation can determine the success or ","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0008724"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert B. MorelandLinda BrubakerLana TinawiAlan J. Wolfe1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA2Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USAGraeme N. ForrestRajvinder KhasriyaNazema Siddiqui
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
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{"title":"Rapid and accurate testing for urinary tract infection: new clothes for the emperor","authors":"Robert B. MorelandLinda BrubakerLana TinawiAlan J. Wolfe1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA2Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USAGraeme N. ForrestRajvinder KhasriyaNazema Siddiqui","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00129-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00129-24","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gygeria Manuel, Joy Twentyman, Kristen Noble, Alison J Eastman, David M Aronoff, Ravin Seepersaud, Lakshmi Rajagopal, Kristina M Adams Waldorf
SUMMARYBacterial infections with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) are an important cause of adverse outcomes in pregnant individuals, neonates, and infants. GBS is a common commensal in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts and can be detected in the vagina of approximately 20% of women globally. GBS can infect the fetus either during pregnancy or vaginal delivery resulting in preterm birth, stillbirth, or early-onset neonatal disease (EOD) in the first week of life. The mother can also become infected with GBS leading to postpartum endometritis, and rarely, maternal sepsis. An invasive GBS infection of the neonate may present after the first week of life (late-onset disease, LOD) through transmission from caregivers, breast milk, and other sources. Invasive GBS infections in neonates can result in sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, neurodevelopmental impairment, death, and lifelong disability. A policy of routine screening for GBS rectovaginal colonization in well-resourced countries can trigger the administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) when prenatal testing is positive, which drastically reduces rates of EOD. However, many countries do not routinely screen pregnant women for GBS colonization but may administer IAP in cases with a high risk of EOD. IAP does not reduce rates of LOD. A global vaccination campaign is needed to reduce the significant burden of invasive GBS disease that remains among infants and pregnant individuals. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the global impact of GBS colonization and infection, virulence factors and pathogenesis, and current and future prophylactics and therapeutics.
{"title":"Group B streptococcal infections in pregnancy and early life.","authors":"Gygeria Manuel, Joy Twentyman, Kristen Noble, Alison J Eastman, David M Aronoff, Ravin Seepersaud, Lakshmi Rajagopal, Kristina M Adams Waldorf","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00154-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00154-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYBacterial infections with Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) are an important cause of adverse outcomes in pregnant individuals, neonates, and infants. GBS is a common commensal in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts and can be detected in the vagina of approximately 20% of women globally. GBS can infect the fetus either during pregnancy or vaginal delivery resulting in preterm birth, stillbirth, or early-onset neonatal disease (EOD) in the first week of life. The mother can also become infected with GBS leading to postpartum endometritis, and rarely, maternal sepsis. An invasive GBS infection of the neonate may present after the first week of life (late-onset disease, LOD) through transmission from caregivers, breast milk, and other sources. Invasive GBS infections in neonates can result in sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, neurodevelopmental impairment, death, and lifelong disability. A policy of routine screening for GBS rectovaginal colonization in well-resourced countries can trigger the administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) when prenatal testing is positive, which drastically reduces rates of EOD. However, many countries do not routinely screen pregnant women for GBS colonization but may administer IAP in cases with a high risk of EOD. IAP does not reduce rates of LOD. A global vaccination campaign is needed to reduce the significant burden of invasive GBS disease that remains among infants and pregnant individuals. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the global impact of GBS colonization and infection, virulence factors and pathogenesis, and current and future prophylactics and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0015422"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Megan S. BeaudryMohammad Imtiaj Uddin BhuiyanTravis C. Glenn1Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA2Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA3Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USAGraeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论》，提前出版。
{"title":"Enriching the future of public health microbiology with hybridization bait capture","authors":"Megan S. BeaudryMohammad Imtiaj Uddin BhuiyanTravis C. Glenn1Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA2Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA3Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USAGraeme N. Forrest","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00068-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00068-22","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia J. SimnerJohann D. D. PitoutTanis C. Dingle1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA2Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA3Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada4Alberta Precision Laboratories, Diagnostic Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada5University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa6Alberta Precision Laboratories, Public Health Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaGraeme N. ForrestChristopher PfeifferKevin Alby
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论》，提前出版。
{"title":"Laboratory detection of carbapenemases among Gram-negative organisms","authors":"Patricia J. SimnerJohann D. D. PitoutTanis C. Dingle1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA2Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA3Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada4Alberta Precision Laboratories, Diagnostic Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada5University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa6Alberta Precision Laboratories, Public Health Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaGraeme N. ForrestChristopher PfeifferKevin Alby","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00054-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00054-22","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archie A. KhanMartin C. TaylorAmanda Fortes FranciscoShiromani JayawardhanaRichard L. AthertonFrancisco OlmoMichael D. LewisJohn M. Kelly1Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United KingdomLouisa A. MessengerValeria Tekiel
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论》，提前出版。
{"title":"Animal models for exploring Chagas disease pathogenesis and supporting drug discovery","authors":"Archie A. KhanMartin C. TaylorAmanda Fortes FranciscoShiromani JayawardhanaRichard L. AthertonFrancisco OlmoMichael D. LewisJohn M. Kelly1Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United KingdomLouisa A. MessengerValeria Tekiel","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00155-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00155-23","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan-Ping Deng,Yi-Tian Fu,Hany M Elsheikha,Mei-Ling Cao,Xing-Quan Zhu,Jin-Lei Wang,Xue-Ling Zhang,Shi-Chen Xie,Chaoqun Yao,Guo-Hua Liu
SUMMARYTick paralysis is a potentially fatal condition caused by neurotoxins secreted by the salivary glands of certain ticks. Documented cases have been reported worldwide, predominantly in the United States, Canada, and Australia, with additional reports from Europe and Africa. This condition also affects animals, leading to significant economic losses and adverse impacts on animal health and welfare. To date, 75 tick species, mostly hard ticks, have been identified as capable of causing this life-threatening condition. Due to symptom overlap with other conditions, accurate diagnosis of tick paralysis is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, which could result in adverse patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on tick paralysis, including the implicated tick species, global distribution, tick toxins, molecular pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention. Enhancing awareness among medical and veterinary professionals is critical for improving the management of tick paralysis and its health impacts on both humans and animals.
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the global impact and distribution of tick paralysis, a deadly neurological yet fully reversible condition.","authors":"Yuan-Ping Deng,Yi-Tian Fu,Hany M Elsheikha,Mei-Ling Cao,Xing-Quan Zhu,Jin-Lei Wang,Xue-Ling Zhang,Shi-Chen Xie,Chaoqun Yao,Guo-Hua Liu","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00074-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00074-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYTick paralysis is a potentially fatal condition caused by neurotoxins secreted by the salivary glands of certain ticks. Documented cases have been reported worldwide, predominantly in the United States, Canada, and Australia, with additional reports from Europe and Africa. This condition also affects animals, leading to significant economic losses and adverse impacts on animal health and welfare. To date, 75 tick species, mostly hard ticks, have been identified as capable of causing this life-threatening condition. Due to symptom overlap with other conditions, accurate diagnosis of tick paralysis is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, which could result in adverse patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on tick paralysis, including the implicated tick species, global distribution, tick toxins, molecular pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention. Enhancing awareness among medical and veterinary professionals is critical for improving the management of tick paralysis and its health impacts on both humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":"e0007424"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Wilbur Woodhouse,Micah T McClain,Christopher W Woods
SUMMARYDetection of the presence of infection and its etiology must be accurate and timely to facilitate appropriate antimicrobial use. Diagnostic strategies that rely solely on pathogen detection often are insufficient due to poor test characteristics, inability to differentiate colonization from infection, or protracted delay to result. Understanding the human response across different pathogens on a clinical and molecular level can provide more accurate, timely, and useful answers, especially in critical illness and diagnostic uncertainty. Improvements in understanding the human immune response including genomics, protein analysis, gene expression, and cellular morphology have led to rapid innovation of new host response-based diagnostic tests. This review describes the limitations of pathogen-focused technology and the benefits of examining the breadth of immune response to diagnose infection. It then explores biomarkers that have been studied for this purpose and scrutinizes the performance of host-based multianalyte testing. Currently cleared diagnostics and those in late-stage development are described in depth, with a focus on the purpose of testing and its utility for clinicians. Finally, it concludes by examining opportunities for further host response-derived diagnostic innovation.
{"title":"Harnessing the host response for precision infectious disease diagnosis.","authors":"E Wilbur Woodhouse,Micah T McClain,Christopher W Woods","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00078-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00078-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYDetection of the presence of infection and its etiology must be accurate and timely to facilitate appropriate antimicrobial use. Diagnostic strategies that rely solely on pathogen detection often are insufficient due to poor test characteristics, inability to differentiate colonization from infection, or protracted delay to result. Understanding the human response across different pathogens on a clinical and molecular level can provide more accurate, timely, and useful answers, especially in critical illness and diagnostic uncertainty. Improvements in understanding the human immune response including genomics, protein analysis, gene expression, and cellular morphology have led to rapid innovation of new host response-based diagnostic tests. This review describes the limitations of pathogen-focused technology and the benefits of examining the breadth of immune response to diagnose infection. It then explores biomarkers that have been studied for this purpose and scrutinizes the performance of host-based multianalyte testing. Currently cleared diagnostics and those in late-stage development are described in depth, with a focus on the purpose of testing and its utility for clinicians. Finally, it concludes by examining opportunities for further host response-derived diagnostic innovation.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"e0007824"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. J. WhiteK. Chotivanich1Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand2Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom3Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandFerric C. FangSunil Parikh
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论》，提前出版。
{"title":"Artemisinin-resistant malaria","authors":"N. J. WhiteK. Chotivanich1Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand2Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom3Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandFerric C. FangSunil Parikh","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00109-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00109-24","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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