Chaitra PrabhuAkshatha KotianVankadari AdityaVijaya Kumar Deekshit1Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbial Genomics, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (DU)662165https://ror.org/02bdf7k74, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India2Department of Food Safety & Nutrition, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (DU)662165https://ror.org/02bdf7k74, Mangaluru, Karnataka, IndiaJorge Cervantes
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论，提前印刷。
{"title":"Environmental and physiological factors influencing the survival of resistant Salmonella under infection-related gut conditions","authors":"Chaitra PrabhuAkshatha KotianVankadari AdityaVijaya Kumar Deekshit1Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbial Genomics, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (DU)662165https://ror.org/02bdf7k74, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India2Department of Food Safety & Nutrition, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (DU)662165https://ror.org/02bdf7k74, Mangaluru, Karnataka, IndiaJorge Cervantes","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00196-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00196-25","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Comarú Pasqualotto,Tarsila Vieceli,Cezar Vinícius Würdig Riche,Viviane Maria de Carvalho Hessel Dias,Isabella Ballalai,Juarez Cunha,Karen Mirna Loro Morejón,Leonardo Weissmann,Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves,Marcelo Balbinot Lucca,Rafaela Mafaciolli,Renan Rangel Bonamigo,Afonso Luis Barth,Andreza Francisco Martins,Laura Czekster Antochevis,Juliana Caierão,Fabio de Araujo Motta,Marcelo Comerlato Scotta,Ricardo Souza Heinzelmann,Décio Diament,Eliete Caló Romero,Murillo M Cipolat,Claudia Fernanda de Lacerda Vidal,Sergio Cimerman,Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales,Rodrigo Schrage Lins,Lessandra Michelin,Fabrizio Motta
SUMMARYThe unprecedented floods that affected Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in 2024 had significant repercussions on public health, particularly infectious diseases. In the weeks following the floods, 7,818 confirmed cases of leptospirosis, 10 outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, and 1,370 incidents involving venomous animals were reported, among other conditions. These events disrupted healthcare networks, caused critical delays in diagnosis, and impaired vaccination campaigns, emphasizing the need for resilient public health systems. This report describes the 2024 climate disaster in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, marked by severe flooding and its repercussions on infectious diseases. We detail the epidemiological impact across zoonoses, waterborne and vector-borne diseases, skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory fungal infections, and antimicrobial resistance. The measures implemented by healthcare systems and scientific societies to mitigate these effects are presented, along with key lessons learned from the event. Considering the increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to climate change, this review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for infectious disease preparedness and response, offering critical insights for global application.
{"title":"Floods and infectious diseases: public health lessons from the 2024 southern Brazil disaster.","authors":"Alessandro Comarú Pasqualotto,Tarsila Vieceli,Cezar Vinícius Würdig Riche,Viviane Maria de Carvalho Hessel Dias,Isabella Ballalai,Juarez Cunha,Karen Mirna Loro Morejón,Leonardo Weissmann,Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves,Marcelo Balbinot Lucca,Rafaela Mafaciolli,Renan Rangel Bonamigo,Afonso Luis Barth,Andreza Francisco Martins,Laura Czekster Antochevis,Juliana Caierão,Fabio de Araujo Motta,Marcelo Comerlato Scotta,Ricardo Souza Heinzelmann,Décio Diament,Eliete Caló Romero,Murillo M Cipolat,Claudia Fernanda de Lacerda Vidal,Sergio Cimerman,Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales,Rodrigo Schrage Lins,Lessandra Michelin,Fabrizio Motta","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00165-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00165-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe unprecedented floods that affected Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in 2024 had significant repercussions on public health, particularly infectious diseases. In the weeks following the floods, 7,818 confirmed cases of leptospirosis, 10 outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, and 1,370 incidents involving venomous animals were reported, among other conditions. These events disrupted healthcare networks, caused critical delays in diagnosis, and impaired vaccination campaigns, emphasizing the need for resilient public health systems. This report describes the 2024 climate disaster in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, marked by severe flooding and its repercussions on infectious diseases. We detail the epidemiological impact across zoonoses, waterborne and vector-borne diseases, skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory fungal infections, and antimicrobial resistance. The measures implemented by healthcare systems and scientific societies to mitigate these effects are presented, along with key lessons learned from the event. Considering the increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to climate change, this review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for infectious disease preparedness and response, offering critical insights for global application.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"e0016524"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole CharbelAmal MasriFiras RammalKarl AramouniKaren JabbourMohammad Hassan HodrojJoe RizkallahFarouk KabbaraFiras Kreidieh1Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut839952https://ror.org/04pznsd21, Beirut, Lebanon2Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut11238https://ror.org/04pznsd21, Beirut, LebanonChristopher Staley
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论，提前印刷。
{"title":"Unveiling the interplay between gut and skin microbiomes and their influence on skin cancer","authors":"Nicole CharbelAmal MasriFiras RammalKarl AramouniKaren JabbourMohammad Hassan HodrojJoe RizkallahFarouk KabbaraFiras Kreidieh1Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut839952https://ror.org/04pznsd21, Beirut, Lebanon2Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut11238https://ror.org/04pznsd21, Beirut, LebanonChristopher Staley","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00270-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00270-24","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"359 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molly C Fisher,Christina M Wyatt,Michelle M Estrella
SUMMARYWith improved uptake and earlier initiation of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the landscape of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people with HIV (PWH) has substantially evolved. HIV-driven kidney diseases, particularly HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), have largely disappeared in regions with widespread ART availability. However, CKD remains an important comorbidity among PWH because of the increased prevalence of age-related conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, which are established CKD risk factors. Whether contemporary ART regimens that have lower metabolic and kidney toxicity will lower this burden over time remains unclear. In low-resourced areas, these age-related conditions are compounded by persistent disparities in access to ART, co-infections, and limited resources for CKD screening and management. Early detection and management of CKD are crucial to slowing CKD progression and averting its related cardiovascular complications. The past several years have ushered in several new therapies that both lower the risk for CKD progression and adverse cardiovascular events, underscoring the importance of kidney function and albuminuria testing in those at high risk of CKD or CKD progression. For PWH who unfortunately progress to end-stage kidney disease, kidney transplantation now offers improved survival but requires careful management of immunosuppressive regimens and infectious complications. This review will discuss the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of kidney diseases in PWH.
{"title":"HIV-associated kidney diseases: progress, gaps, and future directions.","authors":"Molly C Fisher,Christina M Wyatt,Michelle M Estrella","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00207-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00207-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYWith improved uptake and earlier initiation of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the landscape of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people with HIV (PWH) has substantially evolved. HIV-driven kidney diseases, particularly HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), have largely disappeared in regions with widespread ART availability. However, CKD remains an important comorbidity among PWH because of the increased prevalence of age-related conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, which are established CKD risk factors. Whether contemporary ART regimens that have lower metabolic and kidney toxicity will lower this burden over time remains unclear. In low-resourced areas, these age-related conditions are compounded by persistent disparities in access to ART, co-infections, and limited resources for CKD screening and management. Early detection and management of CKD are crucial to slowing CKD progression and averting its related cardiovascular complications. The past several years have ushered in several new therapies that both lower the risk for CKD progression and adverse cardiovascular events, underscoring the importance of kidney function and albuminuria testing in those at high risk of CKD or CKD progression. For PWH who unfortunately progress to end-stage kidney disease, kidney transplantation now offers improved survival but requires careful management of immunosuppressive regimens and infectious complications. This review will discuss the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of kidney diseases in PWH.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"71 1","pages":"e0020725"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145599866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum for Cho et al., \"Recent advances in therapeutic probiotics: insights from human trials\".","authors":"Mu-Yeol Cho,Je-Hyun Eom,Eun-Mi Choi,Seung-Jo Yang,Dahye Lee,Young Youn Kim,Hye-Sung Kim,Inseong Hwang","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00335-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00335-25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":"e0033525"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145599867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arturo Casadevall,Ellie R Mattoon,David Sullivan,Michael J Joyner,Massimo Franchini,Daniele Focosi
SUMMARYCOVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was the first specific therapy deployed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. CCP was successfully deployed in both resource-poor and resource-rich countries, establishing that convalescent plasma (CP) is a feasible option for combating the next pandemic. CCP reduced mortality and progression to hospitalization when used early in the disease with high-titer units. This knowledge was gained from a worldwide effort that included more than 50 countries. However, the deployment of CCP was haphazard and varied among countries. Clinical studies suffered from a lack of standardization regarding study design, CCP antibody dosing, timing of administration, and participant disease severity. Unfortunately, the hard-won knowledge from the serum therapy era in the early 20th century, which indicated that effective antibody therapy requires early use in the disease with a sufficient antibody dose, was largely forgotten. Many studies tested CCP late in the disease or without sufficient antibody titer and thus reported negative findings. Trial heterogeneity made it difficult to combine the results of studies. However, despite tremendous heterogeneity in study design and participant populations, meta-analysis revealed strong signals of efficacy when given early with high antiviral-specific antibody levels. When the next pandemic occurs, humanity is likely to resort to CP again. To avoid another chaotic rollout, planning for CP use should begin well before that emergency arrives and must involve both physician education on the principles of antibody therapy and clinical trial designs that test its efficacy in optimal conditions, which include early use with sufficient antibody doses.
{"title":"Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: planning for the next pandemic using the worldwide experience.","authors":"Arturo Casadevall,Ellie R Mattoon,David Sullivan,Michael J Joyner,Massimo Franchini,Daniele Focosi","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00060-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00060-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYCOVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was the first specific therapy deployed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. CCP was successfully deployed in both resource-poor and resource-rich countries, establishing that convalescent plasma (CP) is a feasible option for combating the next pandemic. CCP reduced mortality and progression to hospitalization when used early in the disease with high-titer units. This knowledge was gained from a worldwide effort that included more than 50 countries. However, the deployment of CCP was haphazard and varied among countries. Clinical studies suffered from a lack of standardization regarding study design, CCP antibody dosing, timing of administration, and participant disease severity. Unfortunately, the hard-won knowledge from the serum therapy era in the early 20th century, which indicated that effective antibody therapy requires early use in the disease with a sufficient antibody dose, was largely forgotten. Many studies tested CCP late in the disease or without sufficient antibody titer and thus reported negative findings. Trial heterogeneity made it difficult to combine the results of studies. However, despite tremendous heterogeneity in study design and participant populations, meta-analysis revealed strong signals of efficacy when given early with high antiviral-specific antibody levels. When the next pandemic occurs, humanity is likely to resort to CP again. To avoid another chaotic rollout, planning for CP use should begin well before that emergency arrives and must involve both physician education on the principles of antibody therapy and clinical trial designs that test its efficacy in optimal conditions, which include early use with sufficient antibody doses.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"e0006024"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145599868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Windy D Tanner,Trini Mathew,Scott C Roberts,Lucien Dieter,Hannah G Healy,David R Peaper,Jordan Peccia, ,Richard A Martinello
SUMMARYContaminated hospital sink drains are significant reservoirs for healthcare-associated pathogens and are frequently linked to outbreaks in medical settings. Pathogens such as multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales thrive in biofilms, which are notoriously difficult to eradicate. Preventing patient exposure to these pathogens poses a unique and complex challenge for infection control practitioners as effective solutions lie at the intersection of environmental engineering and infectious disease. This narrative review explores the characteristics, complexities, and challenges of wastewater biofilms in sink drains and traps in healthcare settings, their resistance to standard cleaning and disinfection methods, and potential pathways for pathogen spread to patients and other areas of wastewater premise plumbing. We emphasize the need for scientifically based guidance on sink drain decontamination approaches and examine current barriers to developing such guidance. Furthermore, we summarize reports from the medical literature on sink drain decontamination and mitigation strategies implemented in both outbreak and non-outbreak settings, alongside relevant studies on biofilm management from the engineering and basic science disciplines. Finally, we highlight ongoing gaps in research and guidelines, stressing the need for multidisciplinary approaches that integrate infection control and engineering solutions. This review aims to equip healthcare epidemiologists, infection preventionists, and facility personnel with pertinent insights to mitigate sink drain-related outbreaks effectively.
{"title":"Decontamination approaches and strategies for the prevention of sink drain-related healthcare-associated infections.","authors":"Windy D Tanner,Trini Mathew,Scott C Roberts,Lucien Dieter,Hannah G Healy,David R Peaper,Jordan Peccia, ,Richard A Martinello","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00061-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00061-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYContaminated hospital sink drains are significant reservoirs for healthcare-associated pathogens and are frequently linked to outbreaks in medical settings. Pathogens such as multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales thrive in biofilms, which are notoriously difficult to eradicate. Preventing patient exposure to these pathogens poses a unique and complex challenge for infection control practitioners as effective solutions lie at the intersection of environmental engineering and infectious disease. This narrative review explores the characteristics, complexities, and challenges of wastewater biofilms in sink drains and traps in healthcare settings, their resistance to standard cleaning and disinfection methods, and potential pathways for pathogen spread to patients and other areas of wastewater premise plumbing. We emphasize the need for scientifically based guidance on sink drain decontamination approaches and examine current barriers to developing such guidance. Furthermore, we summarize reports from the medical literature on sink drain decontamination and mitigation strategies implemented in both outbreak and non-outbreak settings, alongside relevant studies on biofilm management from the engineering and basic science disciplines. Finally, we highlight ongoing gaps in research and guidelines, stressing the need for multidisciplinary approaches that integrate infection control and engineering solutions. This review aims to equip healthcare epidemiologists, infection preventionists, and facility personnel with pertinent insights to mitigate sink drain-related outbreaks effectively.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"e0006124"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Tang,Peilu Xie,Hao Wang,Xinhuizi Hong,Zhengwen Gong,Guoping Zhao,Min Yue
SUMMARYSex disparities in bacterial infections pose significant challenges in clinical microbiology, influencing diagnostic approaches, antimicrobial stewardship, and patient outcomes. Males frequently exhibit heightened severity in conditions like Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and Vibrio cholerae outbreaks, whereas females face amplified risks during reproductive phases for pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. Beyond genetic and behavioral factors, the bidirectional sex hormone-gut microbiome axis emerges as a key mechanistic driver: estrogens bolster innate immunity and microbial diversity (e.g., enriching short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa like Bifidobacterium), while androgens and progesterone impose immunosuppressive effects, altering colonization resistance and virulence modulation. Microbial contributions-via β-glucuronidase-mediated hormone deconjugation, bile acid biotransformations, and metabolite signaling-further calibrate host responses, as evidenced in Clostridioides difficile recurrence and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence upregulation. This review synthesizes epidemiological, preclinical, and emerging clinical data, highlighting the axis's role in pathogen-specific immune evasion and dysbiosis-driven exacerbations. Clinically, these insights advocate for sex-stratified microbiome diagnostics (e.g., 16S rRNA sequencing for risk profiling) and targeted therapies, including hormone-modulated probiotics to restore barrier function, fecal microbiota transplantation to curb antibiotic-associated vulnerabilities, and selective estrogen receptor modulators to enhance clearance in high-risk cohorts. Despite advances, gaps in human longitudinal studies and pathogen-strain interactions limit translation. Future research integrating multi-omics with clinical trials could refine precision interventions, optimizing infection management in diverse populations and aligning with evolving demands for personalized microbiology.
{"title":"The sex hormone-gut microbiome axis: mechanistic drivers of sex-disparate bacterial infection outcomes and precision clinical interventions.","authors":"Li Tang,Peilu Xie,Hao Wang,Xinhuizi Hong,Zhengwen Gong,Guoping Zhao,Min Yue","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00236-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00236-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYSex disparities in bacterial infections pose significant challenges in clinical microbiology, influencing diagnostic approaches, antimicrobial stewardship, and patient outcomes. Males frequently exhibit heightened severity in conditions like Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and Vibrio cholerae outbreaks, whereas females face amplified risks during reproductive phases for pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. Beyond genetic and behavioral factors, the bidirectional sex hormone-gut microbiome axis emerges as a key mechanistic driver: estrogens bolster innate immunity and microbial diversity (e.g., enriching short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa like Bifidobacterium), while androgens and progesterone impose immunosuppressive effects, altering colonization resistance and virulence modulation. Microbial contributions-via β-glucuronidase-mediated hormone deconjugation, bile acid biotransformations, and metabolite signaling-further calibrate host responses, as evidenced in Clostridioides difficile recurrence and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence upregulation. This review synthesizes epidemiological, preclinical, and emerging clinical data, highlighting the axis's role in pathogen-specific immune evasion and dysbiosis-driven exacerbations. Clinically, these insights advocate for sex-stratified microbiome diagnostics (e.g., 16S rRNA sequencing for risk profiling) and targeted therapies, including hormone-modulated probiotics to restore barrier function, fecal microbiota transplantation to curb antibiotic-associated vulnerabilities, and selective estrogen receptor modulators to enhance clearance in high-risk cohorts. Despite advances, gaps in human longitudinal studies and pathogen-strain interactions limit translation. Future research integrating multi-omics with clinical trials could refine precision interventions, optimizing infection management in diverse populations and aligning with evolving demands for personalized microbiology.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"160 1","pages":"e0023625"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H Manisha Yapa,Emily L-H MacLean,Nicolas A Menzies,Peter J Dodd,Anna Dean,Fuad Mirzayev,Samuel G Schumacher,Linh N Nguyen,Matteo Zignol,Greg J Fox
SUMMARYDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) causes substantial morbidity and mortality and has hindered progress toward TB elimination. This slowed progress toward the WHO End TB Strategy's targets was exacerbated by lower TB detection during the COVID-19 pandemic. To inform research and development priorities, we conducted a narrative review of global DR-TB epidemiology and strategies for DR-TB prevention, diagnostics, and treatment. Gaps remain in DR-TB diagnosis, TB drug susceptibility testing (DST), and treatment. The review also shows that DR-TB causes significant post-disease disability, particularly chronic lung disease, impacting quality of life. Newer oral regimens for multidrug-resistant TB are shorter and more effective than traditional regimens. New antibiotics under development may help overcome remaining safety and tolerability issues, while novel advanced therapeutics and precision medicine offer hope to those failing treatment. Emerging diagnostics include rapid DST for second-line drugs, but a paradigm shift is needed to ensure novel DSTs become available as new drugs are introduced. Person-centered research is urgently needed to accelerate the response to DR-TB amidst the global threat of antimicrobial resistance, yet global investment in TB prevention and care currently falls short of need. A holistic approach to interventions to improve DR-TB prevention and care is needed, encompassing all health system components and their interactions, including a One Health approach and consideration of the wider determinants of health.
{"title":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis: a priority pathogen for enhanced public health research and practice.","authors":"H Manisha Yapa,Emily L-H MacLean,Nicolas A Menzies,Peter J Dodd,Anna Dean,Fuad Mirzayev,Samuel G Schumacher,Linh N Nguyen,Matteo Zignol,Greg J Fox","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00064-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00064-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) causes substantial morbidity and mortality and has hindered progress toward TB elimination. This slowed progress toward the WHO End TB Strategy's targets was exacerbated by lower TB detection during the COVID-19 pandemic. To inform research and development priorities, we conducted a narrative review of global DR-TB epidemiology and strategies for DR-TB prevention, diagnostics, and treatment. Gaps remain in DR-TB diagnosis, TB drug susceptibility testing (DST), and treatment. The review also shows that DR-TB causes significant post-disease disability, particularly chronic lung disease, impacting quality of life. Newer oral regimens for multidrug-resistant TB are shorter and more effective than traditional regimens. New antibiotics under development may help overcome remaining safety and tolerability issues, while novel advanced therapeutics and precision medicine offer hope to those failing treatment. Emerging diagnostics include rapid DST for second-line drugs, but a paradigm shift is needed to ensure novel DSTs become available as new drugs are introduced. Person-centered research is urgently needed to accelerate the response to DR-TB amidst the global threat of antimicrobial resistance, yet global investment in TB prevention and care currently falls short of need. A holistic approach to interventions to improve DR-TB prevention and care is needed, encompassing all health system components and their interactions, including a One Health approach and consideration of the wider determinants of health.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"88 1","pages":"e0006425"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145433765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARYCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of bacteria commonly found on human skin and mucous membranes. Traditionally regarded as low-virulence microorganisms, they have gained recognition as significant pathogens in healthcare-associated infections, particularly among immunocompromised individuals and patients with indwelling medical devices. In diabetic foot infections (DFIs), CoNS can play a substantial role, particularly following previous antibiotic treatments or in the presence of indwelling devices. DFIs are usually polymicrobial, involving a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Although Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as the major pathogen, especially in Western countries, CoNS are increasingly emerging as significant pathogens in DFIs, including osteomyelitis. Their presence may complicate treatment by increasing the microbial burden and harboring antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The treatment of DFIs involving CoNS often requires a combination of antibiotics targeting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, selected according to the severity of the infection and results of antibiotic susceptibility testing. This review aims to highlight the growing importance of CoNS in DFIs, discussing their pathogenic mechanisms, clinical implications, and the necessity for healthcare providers to consider their involvement in order to ensure effective treatment and successful patient outcomes. This narrative review aims to underscore the growing clinical relevance of CoNS in DFIs by exploring their pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic implications. It emphasizes the need for clinicians to recognize CoNS as potential pathogens rather than mere contaminants and highlights the ongoing difficulty in distinguishing true infection from colonization. This distinction is critical for accurate diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial stewardship, and the development of improved treatment strategies.
{"title":"A narrative review of coagulase-negative staphylococci in diabetic foot infections.","authors":"Chloé Magnan,Lucile Plumet,Madjid Morsli,Catherine Dunyach-Remy,Cassandra Pouget,Albert Sotto,Virginie Molle,Jean-Philippe Lavigne","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00121-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00121-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of bacteria commonly found on human skin and mucous membranes. Traditionally regarded as low-virulence microorganisms, they have gained recognition as significant pathogens in healthcare-associated infections, particularly among immunocompromised individuals and patients with indwelling medical devices. In diabetic foot infections (DFIs), CoNS can play a substantial role, particularly following previous antibiotic treatments or in the presence of indwelling devices. DFIs are usually polymicrobial, involving a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Although Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as the major pathogen, especially in Western countries, CoNS are increasingly emerging as significant pathogens in DFIs, including osteomyelitis. Their presence may complicate treatment by increasing the microbial burden and harboring antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The treatment of DFIs involving CoNS often requires a combination of antibiotics targeting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, selected according to the severity of the infection and results of antibiotic susceptibility testing. This review aims to highlight the growing importance of CoNS in DFIs, discussing their pathogenic mechanisms, clinical implications, and the necessity for healthcare providers to consider their involvement in order to ensure effective treatment and successful patient outcomes. This narrative review aims to underscore the growing clinical relevance of CoNS in DFIs by exploring their pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic implications. It emphasizes the need for clinicians to recognize CoNS as potential pathogens rather than mere contaminants and highlights the ongoing difficulty in distinguishing true infection from colonization. This distinction is critical for accurate diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial stewardship, and the development of improved treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"69 1","pages":"e0012125"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145433710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：