Pub Date : 2023-12-20Epub Date: 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00039-23
Herbert L DuPont
Rifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent safety profile. While there are high concentrations of drug in the colon, low water solubility leads to low colonic drug bioavailability, protecting the gut microbiome. Rifaximin-α appears to be more active in the bile-rich small bowel. Its important biologic effects are largely at sub-inhibitory concentration. Although in vitro testing of clinical isolates from rifaximin recipients has revealed rifaximin-resistant strains in some studies, the risk of emergent rifaximin-α resistance appears to be lower than for many other antibiotics. Rifaximin-α has been used for many years for traveler's diarrhea with no apparent increase in resistance levels in causative pathogens. Further, rifaximin-α retains its efficacy after long-term and recurrent usage in chronic gastrointestinal disorders. There are numerous reasons why the risk of microbial resistance to rifaximin-α may be lower than that for other agents, including low intestinal bioavailability in the aqueous colon, the mechanisms of action of rifaximin-α not requiring inhibitory concentrations of drug, and the low risk of cross transmission of rifaximin-α resistance between bacterial species. Reported emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in liver-disease patients maintained on rifaximin needs to be actively studied. Further studies are required to assess the possible correlation between in vitro resistance and rifaximin-α efficacy.
{"title":"The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin-α: a narrative review.","authors":"Herbert L DuPont","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00039-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00039-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent safety profile. While there are high concentrations of drug in the colon, low water solubility leads to low colonic drug bioavailability, protecting the gut microbiome. Rifaximin-α appears to be more active in the bile-rich small bowel. Its important biologic effects are largely at sub-inhibitory concentration. Although <i>in vitro</i> testing of clinical isolates from rifaximin recipients has revealed rifaximin-resistant strains in some studies, the risk of emergent rifaximin-α resistance appears to be lower than for many other antibiotics. Rifaximin-α has been used for many years for traveler's diarrhea with no apparent increase in resistance levels in causative pathogens. Further, rifaximin-α retains its efficacy after long-term and recurrent usage in chronic gastrointestinal disorders. There are numerous reasons why the risk of microbial resistance to rifaximin-α may be lower than that for other agents, including low intestinal bioavailability in the aqueous colon, the mechanisms of action of rifaximin-α not requiring inhibitory concentrations of drug, and the low risk of cross transmission of rifaximin-α resistance between bacterial species. Reported emergence of vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> in liver-disease patients maintained on rifaximin needs to be actively studied. Further studies are required to assess the possible correlation between <i>in vitro</i> resistance and rifaximin-α efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0003923"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20Epub Date: 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22
Jhih-Hang Jiang, David R Cameron, Cara Nethercott, Marta Aires-de-Sousa, Anton Y Peleg
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages across the globe. While the important role of antibiotic resistance will be mentioned throughout, factors which influence the capacity of S. aureus to colonize and cause disease within a host will be the primary focus of this review. We show that while MRSA possesses a diverse arsenal of toxins including alpha-toxin, the success of a lineage involves more than just producing toxins that damage the host. Success is often attributed to the acquisition or loss of genetic elements involved in colonization and niche adaptation such as the arginine catabolic mobile element, as well as the activity of regulatory systems, and shift metabolism accordingly (e.g., the accessory genome regulator, agr). Understanding exactly how specific MRSA clones cause prolonged epidemics may reveal targets for therapies, whereby both core (e.g., the alpha toxin) and acquired virulence factors (e.g., the Panton-Valentine leukocidin) may be nullified using anti-virulence strategies.
{"title":"Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> lineages.","authors":"Jhih-Hang Jiang, David R Cameron, Cara Nethercott, Marta Aires-de-Sousa, Anton Y Peleg","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00148-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00148-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages across the globe. While the important role of antibiotic resistance will be mentioned throughout, factors which influence the capacity of <i>S. aureus</i> to colonize and cause disease within a host will be the primary focus of this review. We show that while MRSA possesses a diverse arsenal of toxins including alpha-toxin, the success of a lineage involves more than just producing toxins that damage the host. Success is often attributed to the acquisition or loss of genetic elements involved in colonization and niche adaptation such as the arginine catabolic mobile element, as well as the activity of regulatory systems, and shift metabolism accordingly (e.g., the accessory genome regulator, <i>agr</i>). Understanding exactly how specific MRSA clones cause prolonged epidemics may reveal targets for therapies, whereby both core (e.g., the alpha toxin) and acquired virulence factors (e.g., the Panton-Valentine leukocidin) may be nullified using anti-virulence strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0014822"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138046323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20Epub Date: 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00024-23
Tom Coenye
Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including the mechanisms behind the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms, has increased drastically over the last decades. However, this knowledge has so far not been translated into major changes in clinical practice. While the biofilm concept is increasingly on the radar of clinical microbiologists, physicians, and healthcare professionals in general, the standardized tools to study biofilms in the clinical microbiology laboratory are still lacking; one area in which this is particularly obvious is that of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). It is generally accepted that the biofilm lifestyle has a tremendous impact on antibiotic susceptibility, yet AST is typically still carried out with planktonic cells. On top of that, the microenvironment at the site of infection is an important driver for microbial physiology and hence susceptibility; but this is poorly reflected in current AST methods. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art concerning biofilm AST and highlight the knowledge gaps in this area. Subsequently, potential ways to improve biofilm-based AST will be discussed. Finally, bottlenecks currently preventing the use of biofilm AST in clinical practice, as well as the steps needed to get past these bottlenecks, will be discussed.
{"title":"Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going?","authors":"Tom Coenye","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00024-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00024-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including the mechanisms behind the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms, has increased drastically over the last decades. However, this knowledge has so far not been translated into major changes in clinical practice. While the biofilm concept is increasingly on the radar of clinical microbiologists, physicians, and healthcare professionals in general, the standardized tools to study biofilms in the clinical microbiology laboratory are still lacking; one area in which this is particularly obvious is that of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). It is generally accepted that the biofilm lifestyle has a tremendous impact on antibiotic susceptibility, yet AST is typically still carried out with planktonic cells. On top of that, the microenvironment at the site of infection is an important driver for microbial physiology and hence susceptibility; but this is poorly reflected in current AST methods. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art concerning biofilm AST and highlight the knowledge gaps in this area. Subsequently, potential ways to improve biofilm-based AST will be discussed. Finally, bottlenecks currently preventing the use of biofilm AST in clinical practice, as well as the steps needed to get past these bottlenecks, will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0002423"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41122197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00008-23
Li Ding, Siquan Shen, Jing Chen, Zhen Tian, Qingyu Shi, Renru Han, Yan Guo, Fupin Hu
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) variants, which refer to the substitution, insertion, or deletion of amino acid sequence compared to wild blaKPC type, have reduced utility of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), a pioneer antimicrobial agent in treating carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections. So far, more than 150 blaKPC variants have been reported worldwide, and most of the new variants were discovered in the past 3 years, which calls for public alarm. The KPC variant protein enhances the affinity to ceftazidime and weakens the affinity to avibactam by changing the KPC structure, thereby mediating bacterial resistance to CZA. At present, there are still no guidelines or expert consensus to make recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by KPC variants. In addition, meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-relebactam, and other new β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations have little discussion on KPC variants. This review aims to discuss the clinical characteristics, risk factors, epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, methods for detecting blaKPC variants, treatment options, and future perspectives of blaKPC variants worldwide to alert this new great public health threat.
{"title":"<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase variants: the new threat to global public health.","authors":"Li Ding, Siquan Shen, Jing Chen, Zhen Tian, Qingyu Shi, Renru Han, Yan Guo, Fupin Hu","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00008-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00008-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase (KPC) variants, which refer to the substitution, insertion, or deletion of amino acid sequence compared to wild <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub> type, have reduced utility of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), a pioneer antimicrobial agent in treating carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> infections. So far, more than 150 <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub> variants have been reported worldwide, and most of the new variants were discovered in the past 3 years, which calls for public alarm. The KPC variant protein enhances the affinity to ceftazidime and weakens the affinity to avibactam by changing the KPC structure, thereby mediating bacterial resistance to CZA. At present, there are still no guidelines or expert consensus to make recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by KPC variants. In addition, meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-relebactam, and other new β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations have little discussion on KPC variants. This review aims to discuss the clinical characteristics, risk factors, epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, methods for detecting <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub> variants, treatment options, and future perspectives of <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub> variants worldwide to alert this new great public health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0000823"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71478797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20Epub Date: 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00099-22
Andrew M Borman, Elizabeth M Johnson
Numerous fungal species of medical importance have been recently subjected to and will likely continue to undergo nomenclatural changes as a result of the application of molecular approaches to fungal classification together with abandonment of dual nomenclature. Here, we summarize those changes affecting key groups of fungi of medical importance, explaining the mycological (taxonomic) rationale that underpinned the changes and the clinical relevance/importance (where such exists) of the key nomenclatural revisions. Potential mechanisms to mitigate unnecessary taxonomic instability are suggested, together with approaches to raise awareness of important changes to minimize potential clinical confusion.
{"title":"Changes in fungal taxonomy: mycological rationale and clinical implications.","authors":"Andrew M Borman, Elizabeth M Johnson","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00099-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00099-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous fungal species of medical importance have been recently subjected to and will likely continue to undergo nomenclatural changes as a result of the application of molecular approaches to fungal classification together with abandonment of dual nomenclature. Here, we summarize those changes affecting key groups of fungi of medical importance, explaining the mycological (taxonomic) rationale that underpinned the changes and the clinical relevance/importance (where such exists) of the key nomenclatural revisions. Potential mechanisms to mitigate unnecessary taxonomic instability are suggested, together with approaches to raise awareness of important changes to minimize potential clinical confusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0009922"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71478798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20Epub Date: 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00015-23
Muneyoshi Kimura, Sagar Kothari, Wajiha Gohir, Jose F Camargo, Shahid Husain
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurological, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Several recent studies have suggested that miRNAs are key players in regulating the differentiation, maturation, and activation of immune cells, thereby influencing the host immune response to infection. The resultant upregulation or downregulation of miRNAs from infection influences the protein expression of genes responsible for the immune response and can determine the risk of disease progression. Recently, miRNAs have been explored as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various infectious diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of miRNAs during viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections from a clinical perspective, including critical functional mechanisms and implications for their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
{"title":"MicroRNAs in infectious diseases: potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.","authors":"Muneyoshi Kimura, Sagar Kothari, Wajiha Gohir, Jose F Camargo, Shahid Husain","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00015-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00015-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurological, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Several recent studies have suggested that miRNAs are key players in regulating the differentiation, maturation, and activation of immune cells, thereby influencing the host immune response to infection. The resultant upregulation or downregulation of miRNAs from infection influences the protein expression of genes responsible for the immune response and can determine the risk of disease progression. Recently, miRNAs have been explored as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various infectious diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of miRNAs during viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections from a clinical perspective, including critical functional mechanisms and implications for their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0001523"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20Epub Date: 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00156-22
Thomas C McHale, David R Boulware, John Kasibante, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Caleb P Skipper, Mahsa Abassi
Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, especially in people with advanced HIV disease. Cryptococcal meningitis is responsible for nearly 20% of all deaths related to advanced HIV disease, with the burden of disease predominantly experienced by people in resource-limited countries. Major advancements in diagnostics have introduced low-cost, easy-to-use antigen tests with remarkably high sensitivity and specificity. These tests have led to improved diagnostic accuracy and are essential for screening campaigns to reduce the burden of cryptococcosis. In the last 5 years, several high-quality, multisite clinical trials have led to innovations in therapeutics that have allowed for simplified regimens, which are better tolerated and result in less intensive monitoring and management of medication adverse effects. One trial found that a shorter, 7-day course of deoxycholate amphotericin B is as effective as the longer 14-day course and that flucytosine is an essential partner drug for reducing mortality in the acute phase of disease. Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B has also been found to be as effective as a 7-day course of deoxycholate amphotericin B. These findings have allowed for simpler and safer treatment regimens that also reduce the burden on the healthcare system. This review provides a detailed discussion of the latest evidence guiding the clinical management and special circumstances that make cryptococcal meningitis uniquely difficult to treat.
{"title":"Diagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults.","authors":"Thomas C McHale, David R Boulware, John Kasibante, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Caleb P Skipper, Mahsa Abassi","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00156-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00156-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, especially in people with advanced HIV disease. Cryptococcal meningitis is responsible for nearly 20% of all deaths related to advanced HIV disease, with the burden of disease predominantly experienced by people in resource-limited countries. Major advancements in diagnostics have introduced low-cost, easy-to-use antigen tests with remarkably high sensitivity and specificity. These tests have led to improved diagnostic accuracy and are essential for screening campaigns to reduce the burden of cryptococcosis. In the last 5 years, several high-quality, multisite clinical trials have led to innovations in therapeutics that have allowed for simplified regimens, which are better tolerated and result in less intensive monitoring and management of medication adverse effects. One trial found that a shorter, 7-day course of deoxycholate amphotericin B is as effective as the longer 14-day course and that flucytosine is an essential partner drug for reducing mortality in the acute phase of disease. Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B has also been found to be as effective as a 7-day course of deoxycholate amphotericin B. These findings have allowed for simpler and safer treatment regimens that also reduce the burden on the healthcare system. This review provides a detailed discussion of the latest evidence guiding the clinical management and special circumstances that make cryptococcal meningitis uniquely difficult to treat.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0015622"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10870732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael D. ParkinsBonita E. LeeNicole AcostaMaria BautistaCasey R. J. HubertSteve E. HrudeyKevin FrankowskiXiao-Li Pang1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada2Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada3O’Brien Institute of Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada4Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada5Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada6Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada7Advancing Canadian Water Assets, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada8Provincial Health Laboratory, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论》,印刷版前。
{"title":"Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond","authors":"Michael D. ParkinsBonita E. LeeNicole AcostaMaria BautistaCasey R. J. HubertSteve E. HrudeyKevin FrankowskiXiao-Li Pang1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada2Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada3O’Brien Institute of Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada4Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada5Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada6Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada7Advancing Canadian Water Assets, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada8Provincial Health Laboratory, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Graeme N. Forrest","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00103-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00103-22","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138582749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}