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Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies: new tools for malaria control 疫苗和单克隆抗体:控制疟疾的新工具
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00071-23
Kazutoyo MiuraYevel Flores-GarciaCarole A. LongFidel Zavala1Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA2Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Louisa A. Messenger, Gordon A. AwandareKwadwo Asamoah Kusi
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论》,提前出版。
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引用次数: 0
Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance 林可酰胺类抗生素耐药性的最新发展和应对策略
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00161-23
Yingying YangShiyu XieFangjing HeYindi XuZhifang WangAwais IhsanXu Wang1National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China2MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China3MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China4Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China5Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus, Islamabad, Pakistan, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论》,提前出版。
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引用次数: 0
Novel antifungals and treatment approaches to tackle resistance and improve outcomes of invasive fungal disease 新型抗真菌药物和治疗方法,解决抗药性问题,改善侵袭性真菌病的治疗效果
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00074-23
Martin HoeniglAmir ArastehfarMaiken Cavling ArendrupRoger BrüggemannAgostinho CarvalhoTom ChillerSharon ChenMatthias EggerSimon FeysJean-Pierre GangneuxJeremy A. W. GoldAndreas H. GrollJannes HeylenJeffrey D. JenksRobert KrauseKatrien LagrouFrédéric LamothJuergen PrattesSarah SedikJoost WautersNathan P. WiederholdGeorge R. Thompson1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria2BiotechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria3Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA4Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA5Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark6Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark7Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark8Department of Pharmacy and Radboudumc Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University ..
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
临床微生物学评论》,提前出版。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements and challenges in antifungal therapeutic development. 抗真菌疗法开发的进展与挑战。
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00142-23
Emily Puumala, Sara Fallah, Nicole Robbins, Leah E Cowen

Over recent decades, the global burden of fungal disease has expanded dramatically. It is estimated that fungal disease kills approximately 1.5 million individuals annually; however, the true worldwide burden of fungal infection is thought to be higher due to existing gaps in diagnostics and clinical understanding of mycotic disease. The development of resistance to antifungals across diverse pathogenic fungal genera is an increasingly common and devastating phenomenon due to the dearth of available antifungal classes. These factors necessitate a coordinated response by researchers, clinicians, public health agencies, and the pharmaceutical industry to develop new antifungal strategies, as the burden of fungal disease continues to grow. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the new antifungal therapeutics currently in clinical trials, highlighting their spectra of activity and progress toward clinical implementation. We also profile up-and-coming intracellular proteins and pathways primed for the development of novel antifungals targeting their activity. Ultimately, we aim to emphasize the importance of increased investment into antifungal therapeutics in the current continually evolving landscape of infectious disease.

摘要近几十年来,全球真菌疾病的负担急剧加重。据估计,每年约有 150 万人死于真菌疾病;然而,由于目前在诊断和临床上对真菌疾病的认识存在差距,人们认为真菌感染造成的真正全球负担可能更高。由于可用的抗真菌药物种类匮乏,各种致病真菌属对抗真菌药物产生抗药性的现象越来越普遍,而且破坏性越来越大。随着真菌疾病负担的不断加重,研究人员、临床医生、公共卫生机构和制药业必须协调应对这些因素,开发新的抗真菌策略。本综述全面概述了目前正在进行临床试验的新型抗真菌治疗药物,重点介绍了这些药物的活性和临床应用进展。我们还介绍了新出现的细胞内蛋白和通路,这些蛋白和通路的活性为新型抗真菌药物的开发奠定了基础。最终,我们希望强调在当前不断演变的传染病形势下,增加对抗真菌疗法投资的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Evolving mechanisms and presentations of cardiovascular disease in people with HIV: implications for management. 艾滋病病毒感染者心血管疾病不断演变的机制和表现:对管理的影响。
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00098-22
Ilana Nazari, Matthew J Feinstein

People with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death, among other CVD manifestations. Chronic immune dysregulation resulting in persistent inflammation is common among PWH, particularly those with sustained viremia and impaired CD4+ T cell recovery. This inflammatory milieu is a major contributor to CVDs among PWH, in concert with common comorbidities (such as dyslipidemia and smoking) and, to a lesser extent, off-target effects of antiretroviral therapy. In this review, we discuss the clinical and mechanistic evidence surrounding heightened CVD risks among PWH, implications for specific CVD manifestations, and practical guidance for management in the setting of evolving data.

摘要艾滋病病毒感染者(PWH)罹患心血管疾病(CVDs)的风险较高,包括心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心脏性猝死以及其他心血管疾病表现。导致持续炎症的慢性免疫失调在艾滋病病毒感染者中很常见,尤其是那些病毒血症持续存在且 CD4+ T 细胞恢复受损的艾滋病病毒感染者。这种炎症环境与常见的合并症(如血脂异常和吸烟)以及在较小程度上与抗逆转录病毒疗法的脱靶效应一起,是导致 PWH 患者心血管疾病的主要因素。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论有关增加 PWH 心血管疾病风险的临床和机理证据、对特定心血管疾病表现的影响以及在数据不断变化的情况下进行管理的实用指南。
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引用次数: 0
Neisseria gonorrhoeae vaccines: a contemporary overview. 淋病奈瑟菌疫苗:当代概览。
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Epub Date: 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00094-23
Eloise Williams, Kate L Seib, Christopher K Fairley, Georgina L Pollock, Jane S Hocking, James S McCarthy, Deborah A Williamson

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is an important public health issue, with an annual global incidence of 87 million. N. gonorrhoeae infection causes significant morbidity and can have serious long-term impacts on reproductive and neonatal health and may rarely cause life-threatening disease. Global rates of N. gonorrhoeae infection have increased over the past 20 years. Importantly, rates of antimicrobial resistance to key antimicrobials also continue to increase, with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifying drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae as an urgent threat to public health. This review summarizes the current evidence for N. gonorrhoeae vaccines, including historical clinical trials, key N. gonorrhoeae vaccine preclinical studies, and studies of the impact of Neisseria meningitidis vaccines on N. gonorrhoeae infection. A comprehensive survey of potential vaccine antigens, including those identified through traditional vaccine immunogenicity approaches, as well as those identified using more contemporary reverse vaccinology approaches, are also described. Finally, the potential epidemiological impacts of a N. gonorrhoeae vaccine and research priorities for further vaccine development are described.

摘要淋病奈瑟菌感染是一个重要的公共卫生问题,全球每年的发病率高达 8700 万。淋病奈瑟菌感染会导致严重的发病率,并对生殖健康和新生儿健康造成长期严重影响,在极少数情况下还会导致危及生命的疾病。在过去 20 年中,全球淋球菌感染率有所上升。重要的是,主要抗菌药物的耐药率也在持续上升,美国疾病控制和预防中心已将耐药淋球菌确定为对公共卫生的紧急威胁。本综述总结了淋球菌疫苗的现有证据,包括历史临床试验、关键的淋球菌疫苗临床前研究以及脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗对淋球菌感染影响的研究。此外还介绍了对潜在疫苗抗原的全面调查,包括通过传统疫苗免疫原性方法确定的抗原,以及通过更现代的反向疫苗学方法确定的抗原。最后,介绍了淋球菌疫苗的潜在流行病学影响以及进一步开发疫苗的研究重点。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity. 血吸虫病之外:揭示合并感染和免疫力改变。
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Epub Date: 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00098-23
Dilhan J Perera, Cal Koger-Pease, Kayla Paulini, Mohamed Daoudi, Momar Ndao

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth Schistosoma spp. and has the second highest global impact of all parasites. Schistosoma are transmitted through contact with contaminated fresh water predominantly in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Due to the widespread prevalence of Schistosoma, co-infection with other infectious agents is common but often poorly described. Herein, we review recent literature describing the impact of Schistosoma co-infection between species and Schistosoma co-infection with blood-borne protozoa, soil-transmitted helminths, various intestinal protozoa, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, various urinary tract infection-causing agents, and viral pathogens. In each case, disease severity and, of particular interest, the immune landscape, are altered as a consequence of co-infection. Understanding the impact of schistosomiasis co-infections will be important when considering treatment strategies and vaccine development moving forward.

摘要血吸虫病是一种被忽视的热带疾病,由螺旋体血吸虫引起,对全球的影响在所有寄生虫中位居第二。血吸虫主要在非洲、亚洲、中东和南美洲通过接触被污染的淡水传播。由于血吸虫广泛流行,与其他传染源合并感染的情况很常见,但往往描述不清。在此,我们回顾了最近的文献,这些文献描述了血吸虫在不同物种间合并感染以及血吸虫与血液原虫、土壤传播蠕虫、各种肠道原虫、分枝杆菌、沙门氏菌、各种尿路感染致病因子和病毒病原体合并感染的影响。在每种情况下,疾病的严重程度,尤其是免疫状况,都会因合并感染而发生改变。了解血吸虫病合并感染的影响对于今后考虑治疗策略和疫苗开发非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in people living with HIV: a review. 艾滋病毒感染者的肺孢子虫肺炎:综述。
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00101-22
Emily G McDonald, Avideh Afshar, Bander Assiri, Tom Boyles, Jimmy M Hsu, Ninh Khuong, Connor Prosty, Miranda So, Zahra N Sohani, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Todd C Lee

Pneumocystis jirovecii is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungus that can cause life-threatening pneumonia. People with HIV (PWH) who have low CD4 counts are one of the populations at the greatest risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). While guidelines have approached the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and management of PCP, the numerous studies of PCP in PWH are dominated by the 1980s and 1990s. As such, most studies have included younger male populations, despite PCP affecting both sexes and a broad age range. Many studies have been small and observational in nature, with an overall lack of randomized controlled trials. In many jurisdictions, and especially in low- and middle-income countries, the diagnosis can be challenging due to lack of access to advanced and/or invasive diagnostics. Worldwide, most patients will be treated with 21 days of high-dose trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, although both the dose and the duration are primarily based on historical practice. Whether treatment with a lower dose is as effective and less toxic is gaining interest based on observational studies. Similarly, a 21-day tapering regimen of prednisone is used for patients with more severe disease, yet other doses, other steroids, or shorter durations of treatment with corticosteroids have not been evaluated. Now with the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy, improved and less invasive PCP diagnostic techniques, and interest in novel treatment strategies, this review consolidates the scientific body of literature on the diagnosis and management of PCP in PWH, as well as identifies areas in need of more study and thoughtfully designed clinical trials.

摘要 浆细胞肺孢子菌是一种无处不在的机会性真菌,可引起危及生命的肺炎。CD4 细胞计数低的艾滋病病毒感染者(PWH)是罹患肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)风险最高的人群之一。虽然有关 PCP 诊断、预防和管理的指南已经出台,但关于艾滋病感染者 PCP 的大量研究主要集中在 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代。因此,尽管五氯苯酚对男女老少都有影响,但大多数研究的对象都是年轻男性。许多研究规模较小,属于观察性质,总体上缺乏随机对照试验。在许多国家,尤其是中低收入国家,由于缺乏先进和/或侵入性诊断手段,诊断可能很困难。在世界范围内,大多数患者将接受为期 21 天的大剂量三甲氧苄氨嘧啶-磺胺甲噁唑治疗,但剂量和疗程主要基于历史实践。根据观察性研究,低剂量治疗是否同样有效,毒性是否更小,正受到越来越多的关注。同样,泼尼松 21 天渐进疗法也用于病情较重的患者,但其他剂量、其他类固醇或更短的皮质类固醇治疗时间尚未进行评估。目前,随着抗逆转录病毒疗法的普及、PCP 诊断技术的改进和侵入性降低,以及人们对新型治疗策略的兴趣,本综述整合了有关 PWH PCP 诊断和管理的科学文献,并确定了需要进行更多研究和精心设计临床试验的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Overcoming barriers and stigma: new frontiers in solid organ transplantation for people with HIV. 克服障碍和耻辱:艾滋病病毒感染者实体器官移植的新领域。
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Epub Date: 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00111-22
K Storm, C M Durand

There is a growing need for solid organ transplantation (SOT) for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV are experiencing increased life expectancies and are, therefore, developing more comorbidities, including end-stage organ disease. In cases of advanced organ failure, SOT is often the best therapeutic option to improve quality of life and overall survival. As organ shortages persist, transplantation of organs from donors with HIV to recipients with HIV has become a potential therapeutic option. This article first reviews the current state of organ transplantation from donors without HIV to recipients with HIV (HIV D-/R+) by organ and discusses key lessons learned from these transplant trials, including those about drug-drug interactions, rejection, and opportunistic infections. It then explores transplantation from donors with HIV to recipients with HIV (HIV D+/R+), a new frontier. Finally, it investigates challenges of implementation, including public awareness and regulatory requirements, and explores future directions for SOT in people living with HIV.

摘要人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者对实体器官移植(SOT)的需求与日俱增。随着抗逆转录病毒疗法的出现,艾滋病病毒感染者的预期寿命延长,因此出现了更多的合并症,包括终末期器官疾病。在晚期器官衰竭的情况下,SOT 通常是改善生活质量和总体存活率的最佳治疗方案。随着器官短缺问题的持续存在,将感染 HIV 的捐赠者的器官移植给感染 HIV 的受者已成为一种潜在的治疗选择。本文首先按器官回顾了从未感染 HIV 的捐献者到感染 HIV 的受者(HIV D-/R+)的器官移植现状,并讨论了从这些移植试验中吸取的主要经验教训,包括有关药物相互作用、排斥反应和机会性感染的经验教训。然后,报告探讨了从感染艾滋病毒的捐献者到感染艾滋病毒的受者(HIV D+/R+)的移植,这是一个新的领域。最后,研究了实施过程中面临的挑战,包括公众意识和监管要求,并探讨了艾滋病毒感染者 SOT 的未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, morbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and control. 克隆氏癣菌病和乳头癣菌病:流行病学、传播、临床特征、发病率、诊断、治疗和控制。
IF 36.8 1区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Epub Date: 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00009-23
Men-Bao Qian, Jennifer Keiser, Jürg Utzinger, Xiao-Nong Zhou

Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Opisthorchis felineus are important liver flukes that cause a considerable public health burden in eastern Asia, southeastern Asia, and eastern Europe, respectively. The life cycles are complex, involving humans, animal reservoirs, and two kinds of intermediate hosts. An interplay of biological, cultural, ecological, economic, and social factors drives transmission. Chronic infections are associated with liver and biliary complications, most importantly cholangiocarcinoma. With regard to diagnosis, stool microscopy is widely used in epidemiologic surveys and for individual diagnosis. Immunologic techniques are employed for screening purposes, and molecular techniques facilitate species differentiation in reference laboratories. The mainstay of control is preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel, usually combined with behavioral change through information, education and communication, and environmental control. Tribendimidine, a drug registered in the People's Republic of China for soil-transmitted helminth infections, shows potential against both C. sinensis and O. viverrini and, hence, warrants further clinical development. Novel control approaches include fish vaccine and biological control. Considerable advances have been made using multi-omics which may trigger the development of new interventions. Pressing research needs include mapping the current distribution, disentangling the transmission, accurately estimating the disease burden, and developing new diagnostic and treatment tools, which would aid to optimize control and elimination measures.

摘要 中华肝吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)、肝吸虫(Opisthorchis viverrini)和肝吸虫(Opisthorchis felineus)是重要的肝吸虫,分别在亚洲东部、亚洲东南部和欧洲东部造成相当大的公共卫生负担。它们的生命周期非常复杂,涉及人类、动物宿主和两种中间宿主。生物、文化、生态、经济和社会因素相互作用,推动了传播。慢性感染与肝脏和胆道并发症有关,其中最重要的是胆管癌。在诊断方面,粪便显微镜检查被广泛用于流行病学调查和个体诊断。免疫学技术被用于筛查目的,分子技术有助于参考实验室进行物种区分。控制的主要方法是使用吡喹酮进行预防性化疗,通常结合通过信息、教育和交流改变行为以及环境控制。Tribendimidine 是一种在中华人民共和国注册的治疗土壤传播蠕虫感染的药物,对中华鳋和大菱鲆都有潜在的防治作用,因此值得进一步临床开发。新的控制方法包括鱼疫苗和生物控制。利用多组学技术已经取得了长足的进步,这可能会促进新干预措施的开发。紧迫的研究需求包括绘制目前的分布图、区分传播途径、准确估计疾病负担以及开发新的诊断和治疗工具,这将有助于优化控制和消除措施。
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引用次数: 0
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Clinical Microbiology Reviews
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